domain state
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Author(s):  
Николай Васильевич Сидоров ◽  
Наталья Александровна Теплякова ◽  
Михаил Николаевич Палатников

Представлены результаты сравнительных комплексных исследований методами спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света и лазерной коноскопии композиционной однородности и некоторых оптических свойства близких по составу сильно легированных монодоменизированных кристаллов LiNbO: Mg (5,03 мол. % MgO и LiNbO: Mg (4,75 мол. % MgO), с концентрацией магния, близкой к пороговому значению ≈ 5 мол. % MgO, выращенных из шихты, синтезированной с использованием прекурсора NbO : Mg (метод гомогенного легирования), а также выращенных при непосредственном добавлении магния в расплав (метод прямого легирования). Показано, что методом гомогенного легирования с использованием прекурсора NbO : Mg можно получать отличающиеся низким коэрцитивным полем более композиционно однородные сильно легированные монокристаллы LiNbO : Mg, чем методом прямого легирования расплава магнием. При этом более однородное распределение легирующей добавки в кристаллах гомогенного легирования начинает формироваться уже на стадии синтеза прекурсора NbO : Mg и шихты ниобата лития при формировании химически активных комплексов, определяющих преимущественно кислородно-октаэдрическую структуру прекурсора NbO : Mg. The paper considers results for strongly doped turned to a single domain state crystals LiNbO: Mg (5,03 mol % MgO and LiNbO: Mg (4,75 mol % MgO). Magnesium concentration in these crystals is close to each other and to threshold ≈ 5 mol % MgO . Crystals were grown from a charge synthesized using precursor LiNbO: Mg (homogeneous doping method) and from a charge obtained at a direct addition of magnesium to the charge (direct doping method). Complex studies were carried out by Raman spectroscopy and laser conoscopy. Compositional homogeneity and some optical properties of studied crystals are considered. Homogeneous doping with precursor NbO: Mg method allows us to obtain heavily doped LiNbO: Mg single crystals with low coercive field and more compositionally homogeneous than method of direct melt doping with magnesium. In this case, a more uniform distribution of the dopant in homogeneously doped crystals begins to form at the stage of NbO: Mg precursor synthesis during the formation of chemically active complexes that predominantly determine the oxygen-octahedral structure of the NbO: Mg precursor.


Author(s):  
Andrew P. Roberts ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Pengxiang Hu ◽  
Alexandra Abrajevitch ◽  
Yen‐Hua Chen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Jan Fikáček ◽  
Jonas Warmuth ◽  
Fabian Arnold ◽  
Cinthia Piamonteze ◽  
Zhiqiang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6800
Author(s):  
Michele Russo

Augmented reality (AR) allows the real and digital worlds to converge and overlap in a new way of observation and understanding. The architectural field can significantly benefit from AR applications, due to their systemic complexity in terms of knowledge and process management. Global interest and many research challenges are focused on this field, thanks to the conjunction of technological and algorithmic developments from one side, and the massive digitization of built data. A significant quantity of research in the AEC and educational fields describes this state of the art. Moreover, it is a very fragmented domain, in which specific advances or case studies are often described without considering the complexity of the whole development process. The article illustrates the entire AR pipeline development in architecture, from the conceptual phase to its application, highlighting each step’s specific aspects. This storytelling aims to provide a general overview to a non-expert, deepening the topic and stimulating a democratization process. The aware and extended use of AR in multiple areas of application can lead a new way forward for environmental understanding, bridging the gap between real and virtual space in an innovative perception of architecture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Yu Shiratsuchi ◽  
Yiran Tao ◽  
Kentaro Toyoki ◽  
Ryoichi Nakatani

Magnetoelectric (ME) effect is a result of the interplay between magnetism and electric field and now, it is regarded as a principle that can be applied to the technique of controlling the antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain state. The ME-controlled AFM domain state can be read out by the magnetization of the adjacent ferromagnetic layer coupled with the ME AFM layer via exchange bias. In this technique, the reduction in the ME layer thickness is an ongoing challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate the ME-induced switching of exchange bias polarity using the 30-nm thick ME Cr2O3 thin film. Two typical switching processes, the ME field cooling (MEFC) and isothermal modes, are both explored. The required ME field for the switching in the MEFC mode suggests that the ME susceptibility (α33) is not deteriorated at 30 nm thickness regime. The isothermal change of the exchange bias shows the hysteresis with respect to the electric field, and there is an asymmetry of the switching field depending on the switching direction. The quantitative analysis of this asymmetry yields α33 at 273 K of 3.7 ± 0.5 ps/m, which is comparable to the reported value for the bulk Cr2O3.


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