Organization of 5S ribosomal DNA of Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Aim. 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) represents a universal model for studying the evolution of repeated sequences in eukaryotic organisms. Taking into account that this region of the genome still remains almost undescribed in species of the family Sapindaceae, we investigated the molecular organization of a repeated unit of 5S rDNA in a member of this family, Litchi chinensis. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 5S rDNA. Results. It was found that the length of the repeated unit of the 5S rDNA of L. chinensis is 321 -323 bp. The level of intragenomic similarity of 5S rDNA repeats is 87.1 %. Potential external elements of the RNA polymerase III promoter, which are localized in IGS, differ from those described for members of other families of angiosperms. Conclusions. In the genome of L. chinensis, at least two classes of 5S rDNA repeats are present, which differ in the sequence of external promoter elements. Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, Litchi chinensis, Sapindaceae.

Polysyndeton in Ukrainian poetry language of the second half of the 20th — begining of the 21st century: Typological characteristics and functional load

Polysyndeton may be seen as not developed properly in the Ukrainian linguistic style, although it has been vastly applied in the language of poetry of Ukrainian artists in the second half of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. The aim of this article is to reinterpret polysyndeton as a stylistic figure based on the rhythmic repetition of the same conjunctions, prepositions, and par ticles which help to achieve a harmonious structure of the poetic text. Rich data collected have allowed distinguishing varieties of polysyndeton due to the following criteria: 1) word class membership of a repeated unit, e.g., conjunctive, prepositional, and partial; 2) placement in contact, e.g., contact, distant; 3) the nature of ‘grammatical registration’ (for sentences of different grammatical structure). Moreover, all varieties of expressive means of a language are significant for the formation of the linguistic units of the poem: they perform pictorial and compositional functions and functions of accentuation, metaphorisation, the actualization of the emotional component of the expressed and harmonious organization of poetic text’s space. This indicates the multifunctionality of polysyndeton as a stylistic figure which contributes to the harmonization of a language and poetic narrative. Keywords: stylistic syntax, language and poetic narrative, multifunctionality, polysyndeton.

Quasicrystal-related mosaics with periodic lattices interlaid with aperiodic tiles

Quasicrystals, which have long-range orientational order without translational symmetry, are incompatible with the theory of conventional crystals, which are characterized by periodic lattices and uniformly repeated unit cells. Reported here is a novel quasicrystal-related solid state observed in two Al–Cr–Fe–Si alloys, which can be described as a mosaic of aperiodically distributed unit tiles in translationally periodic structural blocks. This new type of material possesses the opposing features of both conventional crystals and quasicrystals, which might trigger wide interest in theory, experiments and the potential applications of this type of material.

Complexity and Passage

Chapter 15 treats rhythm as the shaping of events and their succession, rather than as a pre-existent or transcendent order of isochronous division or fixed pattern. Although “rhythm” has come to imply the regularity of a repeated unit or pattern, the author argues that it also evokes the dynamic, temporal connotations of flow conceived not as of a homogeneous substance (“time”) but rather as a fluid, active, and characterful creation of things or events. The chapter thus prioritizes a living, subjective sense of rhythm over a non-vital, objective concept. The author relates this concept to poetry through a reading of the opening of Keats’s “Hymn to Pan,” from Endymion, analyzing the continuing “life” of the vocal impulse along the lines and through the word-sounds taken as “mouth events”—a reading after the manner of M. H. Abrams.

An Integrated Geometric-Graph-Theoretic Approach to Representing Origami Structures and Their Corresponding Truss Frameworks

Origami has provided various interesting applications in science and engineering. Appropriate representations and evaluation on crease patterns play an important role in developing an innovative origami structure with desired characteristics. However, this is generally a challenge encountered by scientists and engineers who introduce origami into various fields. As most practical origami structures contain repeated unit cells, graph products provide a suitable choice for the formation of crease patterns. Here, we will employ undirected and directed graph products as a tool for the representation of crease patterns and their corresponding truss frameworks of origami structures. Given that an origami crease pattern can be considered to be a set of directionless crease lines that satisfy the foldability condition, we demonstrate that the pattern can be exactly expressed by a specific graph product of independent graphs. It turns out that this integrated geometric-graph-theoretic method can be effectively implemented in the formation of different crease patterns and provide suitable numbering of nodes and elements. Furthermore, the presented method is useful for constructing the involved matrices and models of origami structures and thus enhances configuration processing for geometric, kinematic, or mechanical analysis on origami structures.

Connecting Microstructures for Multiscale Topology Optimization With Connectivity Index Constraints

With the rapid developments of advanced manufacturing and its ability to manufacture microscale features, architected materials are receiving ever increasing attention in many physics fields. Such a design problem can be treated in topology optimization as architected material with repeated unit cells using the homogenization theory with the periodic boundary condition. When multiple architected materials with spatial variations in a structure are considered, a challenge arises in topological solutions, which may not be connected between adjacent material architecture. This paper introduces a new measure, connectivity index (CI), to quantify the topological connectivity, and adds it as a constraint in multiscale topology optimization to achieve connected architected materials. Numerical investigations reveal that the additional constraints lead to microstructural topologies, which are well connected and do not substantially compromise their optimalities.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide dual gas-responsive homopolymers and diblock copolymers synthesized via RAFT polymerization

This article reports a new strategy to prepare homopolymers with CO2 and O2 responsiveness via the installation of CO2- and O2-responsive functionalities in the same repeated unit.

A zig-zag uranyl(v)–Mn(ii) single chain magnet with a high relaxation barrier

A 1D zig-zag coordination polymer based on a cation–cation [(UVO2)MnII] repeated unit shows single chain magnet (SCM) behaviour with a high energy barrier of 122 K.