Parametrising Historical Islamkoy Courtyard-Dwellings: Spatial Quality Parameters and Examination Based on AHP Method

Throughout the historical process humans have shaped the environment that they lived in and developed it according to their needs. The living culture has been formed with various spatial setups in dwellings which are the most basic habitats of humankind. Today, functionality comes into prominence in this living culture which is referred to as traditional dwellings. This shows that the continuity is ensured by presenting mass and cultural harmony between spatial setups and the garden and neighboring dwelling relations. Amongst the traditional dwellings, Turkish house is also considered as an important example, which provides continuity with its diverse plan organizations and spatial characteristic. The courtyard character in traditional dwellings is the space that is effective in the organization of spatial which sheds light on present day with various parameters. This is because the dwelling is located in the courtyard. Moreover, the courtyard, which starts with the entrance and where the households carry out their daily lives, is very significant for the Turkish dwelling as it contains both natural and cultural characteristics. The traditional dwellings of the village of Islamköy, which is located in the Atabey district in Isparta province of Turkey, are discussed within the scope of the study, which examines how the concept of courtyard that contains the functional and aesthetic values of the Turkish dwelling, forms various plan organizations and spatial characters in many cultures, affects the spatial quality. Spatial quality parameters were examined on five second-degree registered traditional dwellings located on Okul Street in the Islamköy village. Three basic principles have been determined which are functional, aesthetic and ecological and the sub-parameters of these determined principles have been introduced with the information and documents obtained from the literature. The AHP method was used to determine the priorities of the parameters in this direction. Thus, taking into account the spatial quality parameters, the priority parameters of the courtyard character in the traditional dwellings of Islamköy were determined

Reflections of Durbar in the Diaspora

This article questions if the propensity of Black men in globally dominant western countries to wear black or dark colours is an outcome of internalized subjugation and an adherence to westernized projections of masculinity. It uses the 2018 Akinola Davies Junior film Zazzau as its backdrop, drawing parallels with other examples of colourful clothing in the context of Black masculinity. Zazzau shows the annual festival of Durbar, a vibrant celebration at the end of Ramadan in Kaduna State, Nigeria, where the Emir of the region and his entourage use traditional dress and contemporary fabrics to demonstrate their sartorial elegance. The bold and flamboyant dress of the men is not only indicative of the pageantry of this procession but is reminiscent of the creative exuberance and stylishness of annual carnivals in the Caribbean. This article uses this comparison as a tool to discuss a reengagement with the creativity, styling and colour of Black men’s clothing, and demonstrates how an engagement with colourful design aesthetics maintains its sense of masculinity. ‘Reflections of Durbar in the Diaspora’ draws parallels between the robes of the Emir, men’s costumes at carnival and the tailoring of Abrantie the Gentleman to examine how social engagement, living culture and traditional fashion intersect to influence and impact the ways in which men’s style is understood in Africa and the African Diaspora.

Reenacting the Pamphlet War in an Age of Turmoil

Published in 1790, Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France triggered a pamphlet war whose major players included Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Paine, and the artist James Gillray. The debate that ensued about the French Revolution, which Percy Shelley called “the master theme of the epoch in which we live,” was fundamentally a debate between past and present, between tradition and the needs of a living culture, and between the status quo and innovation. This essay describes an attempt by the author to reenact the Pamphlet War at the US Air Force Academy to help cadets negotiate these tensions at their institution and, in doing so, participate in the work of Romanticism. The essay also suggests ways Romanticists could harness the Pamphlet War to engage political and cultural debates in our own age of upheaval and turmoil. Finally, it offers the Pamphlet War as a vehicle for debating the state of the field and the work of the Romantic classroom itself.

Ritual ambiental Vichama Raymi de Paramonga, abundancia en la agricultura del maíz, el tacú tacú alimentos y guacas, impulsor de la civilización andina en el arcaico tardío y no “comercio ni pesca”

Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento en materia de investigación arqueológica en el Norte Chico del Perú con respecto al ritual religioso del Vichama Raymi de Paramonga. Métodos: Análisis de investigaciones publicadas en revistas científicas especializadas en la temática. Se centró el análisis y desarrollo, en el conocimiento en los últimos años, en materia de investigación arqueológica en el Norte Chico del Perú, cruce de información con datos antropológicos, ritos contemporáneos y fuentes de la cultura viva. Resultados: Descubrimiento definitivo sobre el cultivo y consumo masivo de maíz, camote, pepinos, guayabas y cientos de plantas domesticadas en el Arcaico Tardío de cinco mil años en Caballete y Huaricanga del Valle Fortaleza de Paramonga define que la sociedad de los inicios de la civilización andina fue agraria y no pesquera. Conclusiones: La forma del poder del Ritual ambientalista para el manejo social se expresó en las fiesta-festines de rituales del poder ambiental conocidos como los Vichama Raymis, las fiestas del origen de la abundancia de la agricultura, los alimentos y sanaciones de la Civilización Milenaria de Paramonga en donde el manejo de guerras psicosociales positivo a través del discurso de los sacerdotes o chamanes utilizó el tacú tacú o mistura de la pachamanca como dieta masiva-religiosa para estimular el intercambio la fuerza de trabajo colaborativo. Objective: To analyze the knowledge in archaeological research in the Norte Chico of Peru with respect to the religious ritual of the Vichama Raymi de Paramonga. Methods: Analysis of research published in specialized scientific journals on the subject. The analysis and development focused on the knowledge in recent years, in the field of archaeological research in the Norte Chico of Peru, crossing of information with anthropological data, contemporary rites and sources of living culture. Results: Definitive discovery about the cultivation and mass consumption of corn, sweet potato, cucumbers, guavas and hundreds of domesticated plants in the Late Archaic of five thousand years in Caballete and Huaricanga del Valle Fortaleza de Paramonga defines that the society of the beginnings of civilization Andean was agrarian and not fishing. Conclusions: The form of the power of the environmentalist Ritual for social management was expressed in the festivals-festivals of rituals of environmental power known as the Vichama Raymis, the festivals of the origin of the abundance of agriculture, food and healings of the Millennial Civilization of Paramonga where the positive management of psychosocial wars through the discourse of the priests or shamans used the tacú tacú or mixture of the pachamanca as a mass-religious diet to stimulate the exchange of the collaborative workforce.

A Behavioral Cultural-Based Development Analysis of Entrepreneurship in China

This paper deals with local cultural capital as a motivator for entrepreneurial behavior in China. Following the Culture-Based Development paradigm (CBD), the current study approaches local cultural capital as an entity that can be temporarily segmented into living culture and cultural heritage and can be further differentiated type-wise into material cultural capital and immaterial cultural capital. The main hypothesis of this paper is that living culture and cultural heritage have different roles in the direction of effect on entrepreneurial behavior in China. To test this hypothesis, a quantitative research method is utilized and data is collected from China Statistical Yearbooks, the website of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage as well as the third and fourth China Economic Census Yearbooks, covering the period from 2010 to 2019 and regarding all 31 provinces of mainland China. This dataset provides indicators for both material and immaterial living culture, respectively represented by the total book circulations in public libraries and performances at art venues, while historical cultural heritage is approximated by intangible cultural heritage (such as the number of folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance and so on) and historical sites. For data analysis, an OLS regression is used to assess the roles of each kind of cultural capital on regional entrepreneurship development. Findings suggest CBD is applicable for analyzing entrepreneurship behavior and the result of the application of model shows a notable impact of culture on entrepreneurship activities in China.

Ethnographic Approach for Research on Vernacular Architecture: Four Case Studies of Indigenous Communities in Indonesia

Many ethnic groups with unique cultures exist in Indonesia, but their vernacular architecture and living cultures need to be supported to ensure sustainability. One example of how a more anthropological approach to the design and planning of the built environment requires a better understanding is the study of the living culture of indigenous communities. Unsurprisingly, an ethnographic approach is critical to studying these communities' architecture and living culture in Indonesia. This study aims to outline the main principles of the ethnographic approach and review the implementation of these principles in previous studies on the vernacular architecture of indigenous communities in Indonesia. A comparative analysis of four case studies shows that each study has implemented the approach's main principles contextually. The results showed that the four case studies utilized observation and interviews to collect field data in slightly different terms. Although each case study's objectives, focus, and issues were different, the researchers managed to provide a cultural portrait that included the participants' views (emic) and the researcher's opinions (etic). The similarities between the four communities are religious or belief systems affecting the architecture and living culture, which are cultural aspects that significantly affect each case as part of the findings embodied in themes resulting from interpretation. These results can help to develop guidelines for designers and planners working in indigenous communities. Through ethnographic studies, architects and planners can understand indigenous communities' point of view (etic) to integrate their perspectives (emic) when working hand in hand with the community.