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2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 300567
Author(s):  
Keiko Matsuno ◽  
Hidenori Yoshizawa ◽  
Keita Sakurai ◽  
Yoshiteru Tamura ◽  
Mikiko Matsumura ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4069
Author(s):  
Ladislav Batalik ◽  
Garyfallia Pepera ◽  
Jannis Papathanasiou ◽  
Sebastian Rutkowski ◽  
David Líška ◽  
...  

Telehealth cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a feasible and effective alternative to conventional outpatient CR. Present evidence is limited on the comparison of exercise intensity adherence in telehealth and outpatient CR. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare training intensity adherence through 12-week phase II CR in telehealth and outpatient CR. A sample of 56 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with a mean age of 56.7 ± 7.1 entering comprehensive secondary prevention phase II was randomized into telehealth CR (n = 28) and control outpatient CR (n = 28) groups. The primary outcome was a comparison of training intensity adherence in both CR models and heart rate (HR) response from individual CR sessions, expressed by the HR reserve percentage. As a result, the parameter HR reserve percentage as the total average of the training intensity during the telehealth intervention and the outpatient CR did not differ statistically (p = 0.63). There was no death case, and all severe adverse cases required medical admission throughout an exercise training session in study subjects in both groups. This research evidence demonstrated that the telehealth CR model is similar in training intensities to the conventional outpatient CR in CAD patients with low to moderate cardiovascular risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos F. Xylogiannopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Karampelas ◽  
Reda Alhajj

Abstract Background The first half of 2020 has been marked as the era of COVID-19 pandemic which affected the world globally in almost every aspect of the daily life from societal to economical. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, countries have implemented diverse policies regarding Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) measures. This is because in the first stage countries had limited knowledge about the virus and its contagiousness. Also, there was no effective medication or vaccines. This paper studies the effectiveness of the implemented policies and measures against the deaths attributed to the virus between January and May 2020. Methods Data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control regarding the identified cases and deaths of COVID-19 from 48 countries have been used. Additionally, data concerning the NPI measures related policies implemented by the 48 countries and the capacity of their health care systems was collected manually from their national gazettes and official institutes. Data mining, time series analysis, pattern detection, machine learning, clustering methods and visual analytics techniques have been applied to analyze the collected data and discover possible relationships between the implemented NPIs and COVID-19 spread and mortality. Further, we recorded and analyzed the responses of the countries against COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in urban areas which are over-populated and accordingly COVID-19 has the potential to spread easier among humans. Results The data mining and clustering analysis of the collected data showed that the implementation of the NPI measures before the first death case seems to be very effective in controlling the spread of the disease. In other words, delaying the implementation of the NPI measures to after the first death case has practically little effect on limiting the spread of the disease. The success of implementing the NPI measures further depends on the way each government monitored their application. Countries with stricter policing of the measures seems to be more effective in controlling the transmission of the disease. Conclusions The conducted comparative data mining study provides insights regarding the correlation between the early implementation of the NPI measures and controlling COVID-19 contagiousness and mortality. We reported a number of useful observations that could be very helpful to the decision makers or epidemiologists regarding the rapid implementation and monitoring of the NPI measures in case of a future wave of COVID-19 or to deal with other unknown infectious pandemics. Regardless, after the first wave of COVID-19, most countries have decided to lift the restrictions and return to normal. This has resulted in a severe second wave in some countries, a situation which requires re-evaluating the whole process and inspiring lessons for the future.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangqin Song ◽  
Lian Dong ◽  
Yan Ding ◽  
Weifang Zhu ◽  
Junyang Zhou

Abstract Background Brain abscess due to the Nocardia genus is rarely reported that usually found in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of Nocardia brain abscess is troublesome and requires consideration of the severity of the underlying systemic disease, the difficulties in identifying the bacterium and the frequent delay in initiating adequate therapy. Case Presentation Here, we report a rare case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia farcinica. The patient’s medical history was complicated, bacterial was found in culture of brain abscess puncture fluid, the colony was identified as Nocardia farcinica by mass spectrometry. Targeted antibiotic treatment was implemented, brain abscess tended to alleviate, but the patient eventually developed fungal pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Conclusion Early diagnosis, reasonable surgical intervention, and targeted antibiotic treatment are critical for Nocardia brain abscess treatment. Any delay in diagnosis and appropriate therapy can have adverseconsequences.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xiong ◽  
Xiao Fei Su ◽  
Zuo Liang Liu ◽  
Shang Ping Zhao

Abstract Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) for patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure, there are two basic patterns of veno-arterial (V-A) and veno-venous (V-V). Case presentation: This paper mainly introduced a death case of modified ECMO Patterns which is veno-veno-venous ECMO in the treatment of silicosis with severe pneumonia and analyzed the cause of death after treatment with VV-V ECMO. Conclusions: Although VV-V ECMO is recommended for patients with extremely poor oxygenation conditions, it still be difficult to improve the prognosis of patients with severe lung structural damage, and still has a long way to go.


2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110266
Author(s):  
Adrian A Deen ◽  
Hugh Claridge ◽  
Richard D Treble ◽  
Hilary J Hamnett ◽  
Caroline S Copeland

Background: ‘Legal highs’ began appearing in the UK in the mid-2000s. Whilst many of these substances were controlled under the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act, novel compounds and new variants of controlled compounds were continuously being introduced to the recreational drug market. The Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA) was therefore implemented in 2016 as a blanket ban on all novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Aim: To evaluate the impact of the PSA on deaths following NPS use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Methods: Cases reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths where death had occurred 3 years pre- or post-implementation of the PSA were extracted. Cases with NPS detected at post-mortem were analysed and compared against cases non-NPS cases. Results: 293 deaths with NPS detected were identified; 91 occurring before the PSA and 202 afterwards, indicating an 222.0% post-PSA increase. Contrastingly, non-NPS drug-related death case reporting increased by only 8.0%. Synthetic cannabinoid, anxiolytic/sedative and stimulant NPS were detected in the largest proportions of deaths pre-PSA; post-PSA stimulant NPS detections reduced whilst synthetic cannabinoid and anxiolytic/sedative detections increased. Post-PSA, average decedent age increased significantly (mean age pre-PSA 34.4 ± 10.8 vs post-PSA 38.3 ± 9.4), and they were significantly more likely to have been living in deprived areas (pre-PSA 50.0% vs post-PSA 65.9%). Conclusions: Reporting of deaths following NPS use has risen despite introduction of the PSA. Whilst deaths amongst younger individuals and those living in more affluent areas has reduced, additional approaches to prohibition are needed to curb their persistence in deprived demographics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Nitu Sharma ◽  
Yashika Bhatia

Background: Tuberculosis is the ‘world’s largest killer’ amongst infectious diseases overtaking HIV in 2014. Tuberculosis can affect the kidneys and adrenals as either primary infection or secondary dissemination from other organs. Tuberculosis in adrenals manifests in the acute phase leading to primary adrenal insufficiency, which is generally catastrophic leading to death. Case Report: We present an unusual case of a 42 years’ old man, presented & managed as a case of acute gastroenteritis. Patient had a fulminant course and succumbed to his illness. Autopsy revealed Bilateral Adrenal Tuberculosis. Conclusion: Adrenal tuberculosis has the potential of causing acute adrenal deficiency leading to Addisonian crisis and consequent mortality. Key words: Adrenal tuberculosis, Addisonian crisis, acute adrenal insufficiency.


Author(s):  
Fabian Heinrich ◽  
Carina Romich ◽  
Tamara Zimmermann ◽  
Inga Kniep ◽  
Antonia Fitzek ◽  
...  

AbstractThe current pandemic with Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has been taking on new dynamics since the emergence of new variants last fall, some of them spreading more rapidly. Many countries currently find themselves in a race to ramp up vaccination strategies that have been initiated and a possible third wave of the pandemic from new variants, such as the Variant of Concern-202012/01 from the B.1.1.7 lineage. Until today, many investigations in death cases of Coronavirus-disease-19 have been conducted, revealing pulmonary damage to be the predominant feature of the disease. Thereby, different degrees of macroscopic and microscopic lung damage have been reported, most of them resembling an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Far more, systemic complications of the disease such as pulmonary embolisms have been described. However, neither morphologic nor virologic findings of patients dying of the new variants have yet been reported. Here, we report on a comprehensive analysis of radiologic, morphologic, and virologic findings in a fatal case of this variant.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kader Ugur ◽  
Karatas İlknur ◽  
Fazıl Akkoç Ramazan ◽  
Aydın Süleyman

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