heavy loam
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2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Ju. Tsapko ◽  
Ja. Vodiak ◽  
V. Zubkovs'ka ◽  
A. Holodna

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Gleb Rulev ◽  
Alexander Rulev

The semi-desert ecotone of the south of the Volga Upland is part of the zonal macroecotone bordering the Eastern European steppes from the southeast. Under strained hydrothermal conditions, the microrelief plays a decisive role in the redistribution of atmospheric moisture. This article contains materials from 10-year studies of the soil and landscape cover of the contact zone of the south of the Volga Upland and the northern end of Ergeni. The so-called three-membered complex described 100 years ago by N.A. Dimo and B.A. Keller is not traced in the soil cover. The methodology of landscape-catenary sections was used by laying soil-geomorphological profiles and drilling wells with subsequent sampling of soils at 5 test sites. The soil cover of the watersheds of the sites is represented by complexes of light chestnut low-humic weakly alkalinized medium- and heavy-loam soils. A smaller area is occupied by meadow-chestnut soils of cavities and solonets. The structure of the soil cover of the slopes includes combinations and variations that transform into mesocatenes. In the mesocatene of balkas, zonal light chestnut turn into metamorphosed meadow-chestnut soils or drift dark-colored soils of the bottom of balkas. The semi-desert ecotone is almost completely located within the boundaries of the spread of light chestnut soils in Volgograd region. The structure of the soil cover of the ecotone is dominated by a twofold complex, where zonal light chestnut soils in combination with meadow-chestnut soils of cavities and solonets.


Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Tomas Žukaitis ◽  
Inga Liaudanskienė ◽  
Aleksandras Velykis ◽  
Antanas Satkus

  


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Marina Yakovleva ◽  
Vladislav Dimitriev ◽  
Georgiy Mefod'ev

The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using leguminous crops for grain as potato precursors. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 in Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Chuvash Republic. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loam granulometric composition with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.9%, mobile phosphorus - 140 and exchange potassium - 160 mg/kg of soil, pH - 5.1 units. Narrow leaf lupine, soybeans and fodder beans for grain were used as potato precursors; control was employed steam (vetch barley mixture for green fodder). Potato planting was carried out on May 10. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times, the size of the plots is 1.5 per 10 m, an area of 15 m2. The planting scheme of potatoes is 70 by 30 cm with embedment of tubers to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm. In the experiment, an early ripe variety Udacha was grown. Before planting, the tubers were treated with the insecto-fungicide Emesto Quantum (0.32 l/t). Plant care included pre-emergence and two post-emergence row-spacings cultivation, hilling, and weeding. The best precursors for potatoes are narrow-leaved lupins and soybeans. In these cases, there is a significant increase in tuber yield by 31.2 and 30.8%, dry matter - by 6.7 and 9.2%, and starch - by 4.3 and 5.5%, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00141
Author(s):  
V. G. Kutilkin ◽  
S. N. Zudilin ◽  
N. V. Chukhnina

Studies were conducted on an experimental field of Samara State Agrarian University in 20072019 with the purpose of studying the influence of primary soil tillage of typical heavy loam chernozem and aftereffect of different organic fertilizers on the yield of soybeans. The most optimal conditions for the soil density were determined by plowing, which was 0.90-1.10 g / cm3 for the growth and development of soybeans. Primary tillage did not have any significant effect on the productive moisture reserves in the meter layer of soil. Shallow tillage and no-till contributed to a 1.3-time increase in weediness of soybean crops compared to plowing. The greatest crop yield 1.45 t / ha was collected by plowing, which was 0.25 and 0.44 t / ha higher than by shallow tillage and no-till respectively. The aftereffect of organic fertilizers promoted the additional soybean yield of 0.17-0.18 t / ha compared to the non-fertilized plot. New types of organic fertilizers were as good as manure in terms of impact on productivity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
A.A. Nazarova

Metal nanoparticles are used in agriculture as trace elements for agricultural plants, as growth stimulants, and pesticides. Nanodisperse metals are known to have biological, antioxidant, and enzymatic activity. The article presents the results of research on oat of the “Skakun” variety, conducted in 2014-2017 in the conditions of the Agricultural technology station of RSATU (Ryazan region). The experiment was carried out on gray forest heavy loam soil, in 3 times repetition. Its predecessor is winter wheat. In the experiment, cobalt nanopowder (NP Co) and copper nanopowder (NP Cu) were used with a purity of 99, 98%, the size of metal particles was 20-40 nm. The effect of nanopowders of cobalt and copper metals and their combinations on the productive, physiological and biochemical parameters of oat plants in production conditions is shown. The best result was observed when using the preparation with a mixture of cobalt and copper nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5 g per average seed rate per hectare - field germination increased by 5.0%, grain yield increased by 15.3%, grain protein content - by 2.0%, fat content - by 0.5% relative to the control.


Author(s):  
Lyudmila Nikolaevna Prokina ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevich Hvostov

The article summarizes the results of studies (2013 and 2018) conducted on leached heavy loam Chernozem in the Republic of Mordovia. The object of study is oats (Horizon variety). In the experiment, against the background of plowing, tillage and disking, the effect of mineral fertilizers was studied, which were represented by a complete mineral fertilizer (N32P32K32 –background), and fertilizing with mineral nitrogen in doses of 30 and 60 kg of active gradient/ha against this background. Analysis of oat yield shows that the collection of grain plowing in options without the use of mineral fertilizers (2.34 t/ha) had an advantage over the tillage and disking (2.15 and 2.04 t/ha), and in general, the experience increased the yield of oats by 0.43 and 0.53 t/ha. The maximum yield increases from the use of mineral fertilizers were obtained from the background of plowing, their value ranged from 0.49 to 1.03 t/ha compared with the option without fertilizers, there were less increases on the background of non-dump treatment of 0.21–0.57 t/ha and disking of 0.22–0.62 t/ha. Fertilizing with mineral nitrogen at a dose of 30 kg of active gradient/ha regardless of the methods of tillage showed an almost equivalent increase in the yield of oats by 0.20–0.24 t/ha compared with the background options (2.83, 2.36 and 2.26 t/ha, respectively, plowing, dump-free processing and disking). The most effective (an increase of 0.54 t/ha) was fertilizing with nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg of active gradient/ha against the background of applying a full mineral fertilizer using plowing.  


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Alexandrovna Letyago ◽  
Raisa Ivanovna Belkina

The article presents the results of the technological properties of grain of strong wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 29, SKENT-1 and valuable Iren, Krasnoufimskaya 100, Lutescens 70, Tyumenskaya 25. The results of the evaluation of the mixing ability of flour of varieties of strong wheat are presented. The varieties of spring soft wheat were grown in 2010–2012 on the experimental field of Agrotechnological Institute of the SAU of the Northern Trans-Urals (the zone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region). The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, heavy loam in granulometric composition. The predecessor is annual herbs. The fertilizers were applied in the amount of 4 t/ha per grain yield. Soil cultivation is generally accepted for the culture in the zone. Laboratory studies were performed in the laboratories of the Agrobiotechnological Center of State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals and Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture. The results showed that by type of grain Tyumenskaya 25 showed the best results: high rates in 2010 and 2011 (781 and 787 g/l) and higher rates compared to the other varieties in arid period in 2012 (723 g/l). By the number of gluten, strong wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15 and Novosibirskaya 29, valuable wheat varieties Iren and Tyumen 25 corresponded to the standards of the first class of GOST (at least 32 %). The same varieties were distinguished by the highest physical properties of the test when evaluated on a pharynograph and alveograph. The standards for strong wheat corresponded to the volume of bread from flour varieties Novosibirskaya 15 (1355 cm3) and Novosibirskaya 29 (1207 cm3). The mixing ability of flour of a strong wheat variety of Novosibirskaya 15 was manifested to a greater extent in the variant with a share of 50 % in a mixture with weak wheat. The improvement effect was 20–24 %. Under the conditions of production experience, the mixing ability of flour of strong wheat variety Novosibirskaya 29 when added to flour from grain of Ikar grade was also the highest in the variant with a ratio of 50: 50 %. The improvement effect was 29 %.


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