PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT KEDIRI TERHADAP TOKOH DEWI SEKARTAJI (The View of Kediri Society toward Character of Dewi Sekartaji)

Dewi Sekartaji adalah tokoh perempuan dalam cerita Panji. Cerita Panji berasal dari Jawa Timur dan sangat populer hingga ke wilayah Asia Tenggara, bahkan sudah diakui sebagai memory of the world ‘ingatan dunia’ oleh UNESCO. Dewi Sekartaji digambarkan sebagai puteri dari Kerajaan Kediri, namun penelitian terhadap keberadaannya hanya terfokus pada teks cerita Panji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelusuri jejak Dewi Sekartaji di wilayah Kediri dan pandangan masyarakat Kediri terhadap Dewi Sekartaji dengan pendekatan folklor. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten dan Kota Kediri pada bulan Februari 2020 dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode resepsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Kabupaten dan Kota Kediri ditemukan jejak tokoh Dewi Sekartaji berupa petilasan, makam, sumber air, desa, dan terpatri sebagai nama-nama tempat, jalan, produk industri, sanggar seni, dan sebagainya. Masyarakat memandang Dewi Sekartaji sebagai perempuan yang memiliki kepribadian yang baik, keberanian, ketangguhan, kegigihan, ketabahan, dan kecerdasan. Masyarakat Kediri memandang Dewi Sekartaji sebagai gambaran ideal perempuan Kediri. Dewi Sekartaji is a woman character in story of Panji. Story of Panji come from East Java and it’s very popular in Southeast Asia, even recognized as memory of the world by UNESCO. Dewi Sekartaji is represented as a princess of the Kingdom of Kediri. However, study on its existence only focused on the text of story of Panji. This study attemps to track down the trail of Dewi Sekartaji in Kediri and the view of Kediri’s people toward her by using folklore approach. This study is conducted in Kediri district and city on February 2020, by using methods of observation, interview, and documentation. The results show that in Kediri district and city there are many tracks of Dewi Sekartaji figure, such as petilasan, grave, water source, village, and engraved as place names, road, industry product, art houses, etc. The society views Dewi Sekartaji as a woman that has good character, brave, strong, persistent, steadfast, and smart. The society view her as an ideal image woman of Kediri.

Performance Comparison Study of Several Interpolation Methods on Streak Metal Artifacts Reduction of CT Images

In the course of generating the CT images, the streak metal artifacts emerge from the reconstructed images, often degraded the quality of the images and blur the fringe information around the metal implant. Although a number of attempts had been reported, among them, our proposed interpolation-based method is the simplest and most efficient approaches. In this paper, three interpolation approaches are compared with subjective and objective criterion based on both simulation and clinical cases. Our results have shown an improvement from the original images. As for the comparison with NRMSD and MAD. For the execution time, the L-MAR possesses the shortest time with S-MAR time being the slowest among the interpolation-based methods. For NRMSD and MAD, the digits from small to large are P-MAR, S-MAR, L-MAR and original. This shows that among interpolation-based methods the image corrected by P-MAR approach is the closest to the ideal image, followed by S-MAR correction, L-MAR correction, and the gap between the original image and the ideal image is the largest.

Steuerzahlverhalten quantifizieren

From the 1880s scientists developed methods to measure (dishonest) tax payment behaviour. The first part of this article provides an overview of these methods and their development. The second part enquires into the function of measuring methods in the societal discourse about (honest) tax payments. The tax morale research of Günter Schmölders, carried out in the 1950s and 1960s, is then examined as a case study. The focus of interest is on the political advice that Schmölders gave, as based on his empirical results, and on the ideal image of the citizen and society which underlay the scientific method.

The Image of a Soviet Woman as Depicted by Mass Media in the 1950s–1960s and Engraved in Social Memory (regional aspects)

В статье раскрываются репрезентативные формы образа советской женщины на материалах нестоличного города. Возможность привлечения сведений радиопередач и эго-документов как малоизученных форм женской репрезентации позволяет автору выявить и сравнить идеализированный и реально существующий образ советской женщины 1950–1960-х годов. Средства массовой информации формировали идеологически одобренный женский портрет, являясь транслятором допустимых и запрещенных норм, которые жительницы города старались соблюдать. Превалирующий образ «женщины-работницы», активно вовлеченной в семейную и общественную жизнь, был недосягаем для «обычных» советских женщин. Несмотря на это, многие из них стремились занять лидирующие позиции хотя бы в одной из сфер. Несовпадение идеализированного и реально существующего женских образов влекло за собой критику со стороны власти и общественности. Опасение быть осужденной и желание обличать накладывали на женщин определенные каноны поведения, которые исподволь внедрялись массовой культурой. The article investigates the image of a Soviet woman as portrayed by provincial mass media. The article analyzes such underrated sources of reliable information as egodocuments and radio performances, which enables the author to compare the idealized image of a Soviet woman and the real image of a Soviet woman of the 1950s–1960s. Mass media created an ideologically “proper” image of a female worker who was actively involved in family and social life. Despite the fact that many “ordinary” Soviet women did their best to fully realize their potential in at least one sphere of life, they had no means to conform to the ideal image broadcast by the media. Due to the discrepancy between the ideal and realistic images, Soviet women often fell victim to social and political criticism. Gnawed by the fear of censure and the desire to condemn others, women were forced to acquire certain behavior patterns dictated by mass culture.

The Ideal Indian Woman: Defined by Hindu Nationalism and Culture

This paper discusses how the notion of “ideal femininity” is understood in the Indian context. I propose the term Sati Savitri aurat (woman) to describe this ideal image of an Indian woman. The paper argues that the modern Sati Savitri woman must embody three values that make her truly an ideal Indian woman in the eyes of society. Those values are modesty, marriageability and silence. The combination of these values makes an Indian woman socially respected and desirable. These themes reverberated when I asked my interview participants, 10 female journalists from diverse age groups, about the concept of an ideal Indian woman. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with these women journalists and their ideas about formulation of the concept of “ideal Indian woman” were recorded and analysed. In this paper, I categorise their responses into the three values (modesty, marriageability and silence) and thereby propose that the embodiment of all these values constitute the modern Sati Savitri, a prototype for middle-class Hindu women. By proposing this concept of Sati Savitri, a Hindu mythological idea, I argue that respectable norms for women’s sexuality are located within the discourse of Hindu nationalism and culture.

THE KYIV CHRONICLE OF THE 12TH CENTURY: THE AUTHOR IN SEARCH OF A HERO

The Kyiv Chronicle is a continuation of the most famous piece of the Ukrainian Chronicle Corpus — The Tale of Bygone Years. In manuscript collections of the 15th-18th centuries, it is an integral part of the chronicle of Rus, describing the events from 1117 to 1198. Ukrainian scholars traditionally work with the oldest record — the Hypatian Codex created before 1425. This text has undergone the least interference from scribes. Several generations of authoritative medievalists studied the stylistics and genre diversity of the work in detail. They convincingly argued that the Kyiv Chronicle became a compilation of individual literary pieces. The works were gathered, edited, and compiled by the abbot of Vydubychi St. Michael’s Monastery in Kyiv Moisei at the end of the 12th century. There were four compilations — from 1168, 1170, 1179, and 1190, which formed the basis of Moisei’s version. Petro Boryslavych’s style in the Kyiv Chronicle can be traced most clearly, and scholars attribute the authorship of the most part to him. In particular, Ukrainian and foreign medievalists have no doubt that he was the author of the chronicle fragment that deals with the life of Iziaslav Mstyslavych, his son Mstyslav Iziaslavych and his nephew Riuryk Rostyslavych. The study focuses on the features of the Kyiv Izvod text authored by Petro Boryslavych. The author aimed not just to glorify his prince-patron but tried to model the ideal image of a ruler, describing the actions and characterizing the personalities of contemporary rulers. As to the genre peculiarities of the Tale of Iziaslav, it significantly differs from the other stories on one important event in the life of princes that were singled out by the researchers within the Kyiv Izvod. The Tale of Iziaslav is a large text that covers events of a long period. Therefore, it is reasonable to define this work as a story-chronicle or a biographical chronicle.

More than a 'Jágir': Representation of Transformative Ethos in English Teachers’ Solicited Reflections

This article is based on a generative reading of six English teachers’ solicited responses to reflective questions framed by undergraduate students of science, engineering and management in Kathmandu University. The reading unfolds four aspects of ethos in the participants – spontaneity, specialties, specialization and stability – and six frames of reference corresponding with the transformative journey of each participant – teaching is living, made for teaching, making things happen, empowering female students, performing the ideal image and positioned in the opposition. The paper further infers three general traits of the participants as transformed teachers: first, the personality that transcends grumbling and regretting for trivial lacunae involved in the field of teaching; second, the portrayal of a positive picture of teaching as a gifted field; and third, empathy for the students and emphasis on their responsibility of bringing positive changes in students’ lives and in the society at large.

Being young female Muslims in Islamic fictions: Moral anxiety, faith primacy and ideal image discourse

This article examines the representation of Indonesian young female Muslims in Asma Nadia’s works. While previous studies have drawn dynamic transition in real life, this study provides an alternative narrative of being a young female Muslim in Islamic fiction in the context of simultaneous contemporary development in Indonesia with the raising of public piety. This study employed textual analysis method by making categories based on specific themes and understanding each conversation, storyline, and setting of Nadia’s three works, namely “Assalamualaikum Beijing” (“May Peace Be With You, Beijing”), “Jilbab Traveller: Love Sparks in Korea,” and “OTW Nikah” (“On The Way to Marriage”). The author concludes that Asma Nadia places moral anxiety and faith primacy as a frame young female Muslims experience. Moral anxiety reflects a dilemma of the proper way and advantageous outcome to achieve a successful transition. Faith primacy describes a set of spirits for connecting Islamic values and virtuous roles in each life stage. Furthermore, like many popular cultures containing the ideology of contestation, Asma Nadia’s works also provide a discourse about an ideal image that potentially influences and forms the imagination of readers.