The influence of extraction period on the characteristics of acid soluble collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder

The sea catfish in Indonesia is commonly processed into smoked fish and salted fish. The processing of these two products leaves a by-product, namely a swim bladder of 2%. The study investigated the influence of extraction period on the characteristics of collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder. Collagen was extracted from the swim bladder using 0.5 M citric acid with different extraction periods (8, 12, and 16 h). The extraction period of 12 h produced the highest yield of collagen, namely 40.33%. The results showed that the longer extraction, the more amino acids could be extracted from the swim bladder. Glycine was an amino acid that dominates collagen in the amount of 138544.9 to 175420.0 mg/kg. The electrophoresis pattern of protein fraction indicated that the collagen were of type I because it consists of α1 and α2 chains with a molecular weight of approximately 100 to 150 kDa and β chain of 250 kDa. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of collagen showed the regions of amide A, B, I, II, and III. However, based on the results of the Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), collagen extracted for 16 h had lower thermal stability than the extraction period of 8 and 12 h. Based on these data, sea catfish swim bladder can be used as an alternative raw material for collagen production because it has a higher thermal stability than mammalian collagen, also can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.

THERMO GRAVIMETRY-DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING COLORIMETRY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY-A REVIEW

Thermogravimetric analysis is an analytical technique used to determine a material's thermal stability and its fraction of volatile components by monitoring the weight change that occurs as a sample is heated at a constant rate. Differential scanning colorimetry analysis is used to measure melting temperature, the heat of fusion, latent heat of melting, reaction energy etc. Mass spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool with many applications in pharmaceuticals and biomedical fields. The increase in sensitivity and resolution of the instrument as opened new dimensions in analysis of pharmaceuticals and complex metabolites of biological systems. Thermo gravimetry coupled with differential scanning colorimetry and Quadra pole mass spectrometry was applied to monitor the thermal stability and chemical properties of natural polymers isolated from chemically different soils. The TGA/DSC, when coupled with MS generic multiple ions from the sample under investigation, it then separates them according to a specific mass-to-charge ratio. The coupled instrument is used for simultaneous identification of organic compounds, used to evaluate the physical properties, degradation stability of powder coating.

Development and Characterization of Biocompatible Membranes from Natural Chitosan and Gelatin for Pervaporative Separation of Water–Isopropanol Mixture

Natural polymers have attracted a lot of interest in researchers of late as they are environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and possess excellent characters. Membranes forming natural polymers have provided a whole new dimension to the separation technology. In this work, chitosan-gelatin blend membranes were fabricated using chitosan as the base and varying the amount of gelatin. Transport, mechanical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated membranes were examined in detail by means of the characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to analyze the water affinity of the developed blend chitosan-gelatin membranes, the percentage degree of swelling was examined. Out of the fabricated membranes, the membrane loaded with 15 mass% of gelatin exhibited the better pervaporation performance with a pervaporation separation index value of 266 at 30 °C for the solution containing 10% in terms of the mass of water, which is the highest among the contemporary membranes. All the fabricated membranes were stable during the pervaporation experiments, and permeation flux of water for the fabricated membranes was dominant in the overall total permeation flux, signifying that the developed membranes could be chosen for efficient separation of water–isopropanol mixture on a larger scale.

Study on thermo-phisycal characteristics of the composites based on polyolephines and oligoalkylates obtained from oil fractions

The paper presents the results on obtainment of oligoalkylates from the fluid reforming fractions containing aromatic hydrocarbons and the application of obtained products with polyolephines in the composition of composites, as well as on the study of their thermo-physical parameters. The composition of obtained composites was identified using IKS, SEM, RFA and other methods. The change of thermo-physical parameters of the initial polyolephine matrix was specified in each case. Via differential scanning colorimetry it was defined that in the future these composites may be used as various polymer materials including those with phase transition.

Solid Dispersion (Kneading) Technique: A Platform for Enhancement Dissolution Rate of Valsartan Poorly Water Soluble Drug

The objective of this study was to the enhancement of dissolution rate of Valsartan. Using a solid dispersion (kneading) method with Kollidon and Povidone K30 as a carrier. Eight different drugs: Carrier ratios were prepared. Using factorial design taking 3 factors i.e., the concentration of Valsartan (x1), Kollidon (x2), and Povidone K30(x3). The enhancement of dissolution depends on the amount of carrier and an increase in the concentration of carrier. Enhancement of dissolution rate depends on reduce particle size of drug place on the surface of carrier and increased wettability of drug particle by carrier. Solid Dispersions prepared with Kollidon as a carrier in ratio 1:4 shows the enhancing dissolution in 30 mins to drug and Physical Mixture. Formulation evaluated by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES LOADED THERMOSENSITIVE GELATIN - PLURONIC F127 HYDROGEL FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATION

Curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, is extracted from turmeric exhibiting several biomedical activities. Unfortunately, less aqueous solubility causesl drawback in medicinal application. This study introduces a method in order to produce a biomaterial containing high content of curcumin nanoparticles, which can overcome curcumin’s poor dissolution and wound healing. This method uses a thermo-reversible pluronic F127-grafted gelatin (GP) which play the role as surfactant to disperse and protect nanocurcumin from aggregation. The synthetic GP copolymer was identified via 1H NMR. Thermal transition behavior was identified under test tube inversion and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The synthesized curcumin size was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), which indicated that the size of nanocurcumin significantly varied ranging from 7 to 285 nm according to the amount of feeded curcurmin. The nanocurcumin-dispersed GP copolymer solution forms the nanocomposite hydrogel when warmed up to 36.27 °C. Release profile indicated the sustainable release control of nanocurcumin in the thermogel system. These results showed potential application of the biomaterial in tissue regeneration.

CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS MICROSPHERES IN A GAS-FLAME REACTOR

A model for the process of glass microsphere production in a recuperative gas-flame reactor was proposed. Based on the described mathematical model of heating and motion of particles in a high-temperature gas stream, which takes into account conjugate heat exchange between the reactor’s operating environment and the recuperator, the appropriate processes were modeled and optimized by geometric and regime parameters. The particle location time in the reactor at a temperature above 1400 °С, which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized charac- С, which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized charac- , which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized characteristic.As a result of optimization calculations, the reactor parameters (diameter and height, natural gas flow rate, air flow rate in the recuperator) were found, as well as regime parameters (diameter and flow rate of glass particles), under which microspheres can be formed. The information obtained can be a basis for designing an effective gas-flame reactor for production of glass microspheres.

The Thermal Expansion of Solid State BaFe12O19 and Flux Ba0.8Pb0.2Fe12O19 Pellets

Solid state sintered pellets of barium hexaferrite were performed. The Curie temperature of BaFe12O19 pellets were measured with differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of pellets was defined above and below the Curie temperature. The Curie temperature calculated basedon the dilatometry is are in good agreement with the DSC measurements.

The Effect of Zirconium Oxide on Properties and Crystallization of Soda-Lime Silicate Glass

In this study, the properties and crystallization of re-melted soda-lime silicate glass cullet added with Al2O3, CaCO3 and ZrO2 were investigated in order to study the potential usage as a parent glass for glass-ceramics. Al2O3, CaCO3 and ZrO2 were added into the 71SiO2-10Na2O-6K2O-5CaO-4MgO-2SrO-ZrO2-Al2O3 glass cullet to increase the crystallization of the glass. The glass batches (%wt) of (65-x) Cullet:13Al2O3:22CaCO3:xZrO2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8) were melted at 1500°C for 3 hours. The crystallization was investigated by Differential Scanning Colorimetry technique (DSC) and it was found that the glasses with 6 and 8 %wt of ZrO2 crystallized rapidly. It means that ZrO2 acted as the nucleating agent in this glass system. The major crystallines determined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) were silica (SiO2), wollastonite (CaSiO3) potassium silicate (K6Si3O9) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2). The thermal expansion of glasses determined by dilatometric method indicated the characteristic of glass-ceramics and the effect of ZrO2 on the thermal properties of glass. In conclusion, modifying the composition of soda-lime silicate cullet with Al2O3 CaCO3 and ZrO2 had potential to produce glass-ceramics.