Synthesis and Application of Double Perovskite Bi1.97Eu0.03MoO6 as Heterogeneous and Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Quinoline Synthesis

An efficient and economical protocol for the synthesis of substituted quinolines from various 2-amino aryl ketones and aliphatic ketones in presence of a catalytic quantity of double perovskite Bi1.97Eu0.03MoO6 catalyst, water at ambient temperature to generate the respective quinolines in good yields. The accompanied catalyst had high activity and stability and it might be utilized at least a few times without losing its effectiveness.

Benchmarking Free Energy Calculations in Liquid Aliphatic Ketone Solvents Using the 3D-RISM-KH Molecular Solvation Theory

The three-dimensional reference interaction site model of the molecular solvation theory with the Kovalenko–Hirata closure is used to calculate the free energy of solvation of organic solutes in liquid aliphatic ketones. The ketone solvent sites were modeled using a modified united-atom force field. The successful application of these solvation models in calculating ketone–water partition coefficients of a large number of solutes supports the validation and benchmarking reported here.

Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities

Ruta L. is a typical genus of the citrus family, Rutaceae Juss. and comprises ca. 40 different species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Ruta species have long been used in traditional medicines as an abortifacient and emmenagogue and for the treatment of lung diseases and microbial infections. The genus Ruta is rich in essential oils, which predominantly contain aliphatic ketones, e.g., 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone, but lack any significant amounts of terpenes. Three Ruta species, Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana L., have been extensively studied for the composition of their essential oils and several bioactivities, revealing their potential medicinal and agrochemical applications. This review provides a systematic evaluation and critical appraisal of publications available in the literature on the composition and bioactivities of the essential oils obtained from Ruta species and includes a brief outlook of the potential applications of nanotechnology and chitosan-based products of Ruta essential oils.

Hydrazones of 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide as New Inhibitors of Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase

Based on the broad spectrum of biological activity of hydrazide–hydrazones, trifluoromethyl compounds, and clinical usage of cholinesterase inhibitors, we investigated hydrazones obtained from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide and various benzaldehydes or aliphatic ketones as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). They were evaluated using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. The hydrazide–hydrazones produced a dual inhibition of both cholinesterase enzymes with IC50 values of 46.8–137.7 µM and 19.1–881.1 µM for AChE and BuChE, respectively. The majority of the compounds were stronger inhibitors of AChE; four of them (2-bromobenzaldehyde, 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and camphor-based 2o, 2p, 3c, and 3d, respectively) produced a balanced inhibition of the enzymes and only 2-chloro/trifluoromethyl benzylidene derivatives 2d and 2q were found to be more potent inhibitors of BuChE. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-N’-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]benzohydrazide 2l produced the strongest inhibition of AChE via mixed-type inhibition determined experimentally. Structure–activity relationships were identified. The compounds fit physicochemical space for targeting central nervous systems with no apparent cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cell line together. The study provides new insights into this CF3-hydrazide–hydrazone scaffold.

Ketones as Electrophile in Nitroaldol Reaction: Synthesis of β,β-Disubstituted- 1,3‑dinitroalkanes and Allylic Nitro Compounds

β,β-Disubstituted-1,3-dinitro compounds were obtained exclusively with an overall yield of 83% through a domino nitroaldol/elimination/1,4-addition process, when excess nitromethane was added to cyclohexanone or butanone using DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), as a basic catalyst. On the other hand, β-nitroalcohols could be obtained in 30-84% yield, when nitromethane reacts with different aliphatic ketones in stoichiometric amounts, in the presence of catalytic amounts of K2CO3(s), Amberlyst®-A21 or TBAF.3H2O (tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride trihydrate)/THF (tetrahydrofuran). In addition, a new and versatile route to obtainment of allylic nitro compounds, by treatment of acetylated nitroalcohols and aldehydes in catalytic amounts of DBU or TBAF.3H2O, via a one-pot elimination/nitroaldol reaction sequence, was developed.

Synthesis of New Di- and Triamides as Potential Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Water

New di- or triamide organocatalysts derived from (L)-proline were synthesized and successfully used in the direct asymmetric aldol reaction of aliphatic ketones and aromatic aldehydes in water at 0 °C in the presence of benzoic acid as co-catalyst. (S)-methyl-2-((S)-3-hydroxy-2-((S)-3-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanamido)-3-phenylpropanoate (7c) as organocatalyst showed best results under these reaction conditions, and good diastereoselectivities (up to 99%), enantioselectivities (up to 98%) and yields (up to 91%) were observed.

Extraction of iron (III) from highly concentrated nickel and cobalt solutions..

The extraction of iron (III) from highly concentrated chloride nickel and cobalt solutions has been studied. It has been established that tributyl phosphate is the most preferred extractant for the deep extraction of iron (III) from highly concentrated nickel solution. A mixture of aliphatic ketones and alcohols is effective for cleaning cobalt solution.