metal thickness
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Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Haowen Wang ◽  
Jiangbo Huang ◽  
Longhuan Liu ◽  
Shanqiang Qin ◽  
Zhihong Fu

The pulsed eddy current (PEC) inspection is considered a versatile non-destructive evaluation technique, and it is widely used in metal thickness quantifications for structural health monitoring and target recognition. However, for non-ferromagnetic conductors covered with non-uniform thick insulating layers, there are still deficiencies in the current schemes. The main purpose of this study is to find an effective feature, to measure wall thinning under the large lift-off variations, and further expand application of the PEC technology. Therefore, a novel method named the dynamic apparent time constant (D-ATC) is proposed based on the coil-coupling model. It associates the dynamic behavior of the induced eddy current with the geometric dimensions of the non-ferromagnetic metallic component by the time and amplitude features of the D-ATC curve. Numeral calculations and experiments show that the time signature is immune to large lift-off variations.


Author(s):  
Hasan Efeoglu ◽  
Abdulmecit Turut

Abstract We have fabricated the Au/n-Si (D1), Au/Cu/n-Si (D2), Au/Cu(4nm)/n-Si (D3) and Au/Cu(2nm)/n-Si (D4) Schottky-barrier diodes (SBDs). The thickness of the Cu Schottky contact (SC) films for the D2, D3, and D4 diodes has been chosen as 100, 4 and 2 nm, respectively. We have investigated the thermal sensitivity from the voltage-temperature (V-T) characteristics of the SBDs at different current levels. The V-T measurements have been made in the temperature range from 10 K to 320 K with steps of 2 K, at the different current levels from 50 nA to 141.70 µA. The V-T curves have shown a good linearity degree for all SBDs. The slope dV/dT = α or thermal sensitivity coefficient α for each diode has decreased with increasing current level from 50 nA to 141.70 µA. But, it has been seen that the SBDs with the Cu SC have approximately the same α value as independent of metal thickness at the same current level. That is, the thermal sensitivity coefficient value has changed approximately from 2.48 mV/K at 50 nA to 1.82 at 141.70 µA for the SBDs with Cu Schottky contact as independent metal thickness. Furthermore, the α versus current level plots of the diodes have exhibited a linear behavior. The intercept α0 and slope dα/dI values of the α versus current level plots have been obtained as 2.80 mV/K and -0.0843 mV/(AK) for D2, and 2.85 mV/K and -0.092 mV/(AK) for D3 and 2.83 mV/K and -0.0876 mV/(AK) for D4. These values are very close to each other and the difference between the slope (dα/dI) values is small enough to be neglected.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5392
Author(s):  
Douglas Mills ◽  
Paul Lambert ◽  
Shengming Yang

The electrochemical noise method (ENM) has previously been employed to monitor the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. The development of solid-state Ag/AgCl-based probes and dedicated monitoring technology (ProCoMeter) now offers a wider range of ENM configurations. The present study involves the laboratory investigation of three mortar samples containing steel bars and varying additions of chloride, with a view to future field application. ENM could be used to provide corrosion information on reinforcement without the need to provide direct electrical connections to the steel and without the risk or inducing or increasing corrosion. In addition to half-cell potentials, measurements were made using ENM in three different probe configurations over a total test period of 90 days. The samples were then broken open and the bars extracted and cleaned. A comparison was then made between the calculated metal thickness loss obtained from the Rn values and the actual metal thickness loss. The results showed that each configuration was able to order the results in the expected manner, with the simple single substrate (SSS) arrangement providing the best correlation with direct measurements. The study is ongoing with the intention of measurements being obtained in situ on existing reinforced concrete structures.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Venter ◽  
Tinus Stander

<p>We investigate the effect of passivation contouring, surface roughness, and sidewall etch tapering on the FEM modelling accuracy of mm-wave couplers in CMOS BEOL. It is found that accurate passivation contouring leads to a marginal improvement of 0.15 dB in peak coupling prediction accuracy, but introducing a sidewall taper of 104ᵒ can improve the prediction of peak coupling by up to 0.37 dB. Including surface roughness of 5 % and 10 % of metal thickness did not have a notable improvement on prediction of peak coupling.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Venter ◽  
Tinus Stander

<p>We investigate the effect of passivation contouring, surface roughness, and sidewall etch tapering on the FEM modelling accuracy of mm-wave couplers in CMOS BEOL. It is found that accurate passivation contouring leads to a marginal improvement of 0.15 dB in peak coupling prediction accuracy, but introducing a sidewall taper of 104ᵒ can improve the prediction of peak coupling by up to 0.37 dB. Including surface roughness of 5 % and 10 % of metal thickness did not have a notable improvement on prediction of peak coupling.</p>


Author(s):  
Mykhailo Zinchenko ◽  
Oleh Potap ◽  
Maria Rybalchenko ◽  
Ivan Manachyn

It was fulfilled laboratory rolling mill 150 reconstruction for student’s investigation of rolling mill as automation object. For remote control screw down movement was mounted screw down auxiliary reductor with AC motor, screw down encoder, load cells, inverter with built-in PLC MS-300 and touch panel HMI DOP-103BQ. It was developed PLC and touch panel HMI software for control screw down movement. Software touch panel HMI provide with set point adjustment screw down movement and actual distance monitoring. Software inverter with built-in PLC MS-300 exercise control screw down movement and stopping in position set point without rundown.  It was developed software for investigation of rolling force and electrical data’s of mill motor. Software provides measurement and memory of data’s and on-line graphic display. Measurement of rolling force and rolled metal thickness provides ability to build stand stiffness and rolled metal stiffness.   


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Cui ◽  
Yan Ziqin ◽  
Chen Baoguo ◽  
Du Zhihao ◽  
Xiao Ang ◽  
...  

Abstract The large ellipsoid parts are the main load-bearing components in the rocket tank, which are prone to wrinkle when using the traditional stamping. In order to solve the wrinkling problem in large parts, the EMIF method with a variable blank holder is proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation has shown that the sheet material near the blank holder is, as a consequence of stamping, subjected to circumferential compressive stress. When the drawing height was 100 mm, the sheet metal was notably wrinkled. In the electromagnetic forming (EMF) process, the sheet region facing the coil becomes thinner. However, the sheet metal thickness corresponding to the coil edge increases with the increase in forming height. If the EMF forming height is 150 mm, the sheet, which is in contact with the smooth mold, is deformed without a wrinkle. Compared to the traditional stamping, the EMF can significantly reduce the sheet metal wrinkling, improving the deformation height of the sheet metal smooth area.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Imrie ◽  
Maciej Kozlowski ◽  
Omar Torky ◽  
Aditya Arie Wijaya

AbstractMonitoring pipe corrosion is one of the critical aspects in the well intervention. Such analysis is used to evaluate and justify any remedial actions, to prolong the longevity of the well. Typical corrosion evaluation methods of tubulars consist of multifinger caliper tools that provide high-resolution measurements of the internal condition of the pipe. Routinely, this data is then analyzed and interpreted with respect to the manufacture's nominal specification for each tubular. However, this requires assumptions on the outer diameter of the tubular may add uncertainty, and incorrectly calculate the true metal thicknesses. This paper will highlight cases where the integration of such tool and electromagnetic (EM) thickness data adds value in discovering the true condition of both the first tubular and outer casings.These case studies demonstrate the use of a multireceiver, multitransmitter electromagnetic (EM) metal thickness tool operating at multiple simultaneous frequencies. It is used to measure the individual wall thickness across multiple strings (up to five) and operates continuously, making measurements in the frequency domain. This tool was combined with a multifinger caliper to provide a complete and efficient single-trip diagnosis of the tubing and casing integrity. The combination of multifinger caliper and EM metal thickness tool results gives both internal and external corrosion as well as metal thickness of first and outer tubular strings.The paper highlights multiple case studies including; i) successfully detecting several areas of metal loss (up to greater than 32%) on the outer string, which correlated to areas of the mobile salt formation, ii) overlapping defects in two tubulars and, iii) cases where a multifinger caliper alone doesn't provide an accurate indication of the true wall thickness. The final case highlights the advantages of integrating multiple tubular integrity tools when determining the condition of the casing wall.Metal thickness tools operating on EM principles benefit from a slim outer diameter design that allows the tools to pass through restrictions which typically would prevent ultrasonic scanning thickness tools. Additionally, EM tools are unaffected by the type of fluid in the wellbore and not affected by any non-ferrous scale buildup that may present in the inside of the tubular wall. Combinability between complementary multifinger caliper technology and EM thickness results in two independent sensors to provide a complete assessment of the well architecture.


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