retinal arterioles
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

253
(FIVE YEARS 40)

H-INDEX

29
(FIVE YEARS 3)

Author(s):  
Tsukasa Ikemura ◽  
Nobuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Naoyuki Hayashi

Acute exercise can improve vascular stiffness in the conduit artery, but its effect on the retinal arterioles is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of acute dynamic exercise on retinal vascular stiffness. In experiment 1, we measured the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT), and retinal blood velocity by laser speckle flowgraphy in 28 healthy old and 28 young men (69 ± 3 and 23 ± 3 years, respectively). Pulse waveform variables, which were used as an index of retinal vascular stiffness, were assessed by retinal blood flow velocity profile analysis. In experiment 2, 18 healthy old and 18 young men (69 ± 3 and 23 ± 3 years, respectively) underwent assessment of pulse waveform variables after a 30-min bout of moderate cycling exercise at an intensity of 60% heart rate reserve. There was a significant difference in the baseline pulse waveform variables between the old and young groups. Pulse waveform variables in the retinal arteriole did not significantly change after acute dynamic exercise, whereas CAVI significantly decreased. These findings suggest that retinal vascular stiffness does not change by acute exercise. The effect of exercise on vascular stiffness in the retinal arterioles might be different from that in the conduit artery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Zhaolun Cai ◽  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
Muke Zhou ◽  
Li He

Injection of autologous fat on the face is a commonly performed procedure in plastic surgery. However, it can lead to rare but devastating complications due to fat embolism. In this study, we presented two cases of cerebral infarction and/or sudden vision loss after cosmetic injections of autologous fat on the face. Two women underwent injections into the temporal and frontal areas, respectively. In case 1, the patient underwent decompressive craniectomy as her condition deteriorated continuously and died. In case 2, the patient's vision had not improved at the 3-month follow-up visit. Imaging examinations showed occlusion of the right external carotid artery in case 1, and multiple retinal arterioles were segmentally occluded in case 2. We also screened relevant studies via a systematic search of PubMed (last updated on May 9, 2020) and performed a narrative review due to the significant heterogeneity between the studies. To prevent this catastrophic event, the autologous fat injection should be performed carefully. If embolization does occur, early diagnosis and timely treatment may help improve functional outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelhak ◽  
Isaac Solomon ◽  
Alexandra Saias ◽  
Shivany Condor Montes ◽  
Christian Cordano ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1860-1865
Author(s):  
Asami Mori ◽  
Ryo Namekawa ◽  
Kenji Sakamoto ◽  
Kunio Ishii ◽  
Tsutomu Nakahara

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Malerba ◽  
C Agabiti Rosei ◽  
M Nardin ◽  
A Gaggero ◽  
G Chiarini ◽  
...  

Abstract Background SARS-CoV2 infection has been associated to a wide range of clinical scenarios, named COVID-19, ranging from acute respiratory distress syndrome to blood coagulation abnormalities and vascular manifestations related to hyper-inflammation. Recent focus has been addressed to study of microvascular alterations which may explain COVID-19 pathophysiology. Alterations in microvascular structure, identified as increased wall to lumen ratio (WLR) of retinal arterioles, have been extensively described in patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Both inflammation and immune system dysregulation seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of these morphological changes. Purpose Aim of this study was to evaluate through Adaptive Optics microvascular differences of retinal arterioles between patients experienced COVID-19 and controls. Methods Patients were hospitalized between 28th February and 15th April at a Internal Medicine ward in a tertiary care hospital. All patients tested positive for a SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab at admission and showed signs of pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency. Adaptive Optics, which allows a non-invasive evaluation of retinal arteriole structure, and blood chemistry exams were performed as part of follow up visits between 2 to 3 months after hospitalization. Baseline characteristics were collected through medical records. COVID-19 patients were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy subjects referred to our center between 2018 and 2019. Results A total of 80 patients were included in this study (of which 40 were COVID-19 patients). Apart from smoking habit, other baseline characteristics (sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors and main comorbidities) did not differ between the two groups. At follow up visit COVID-19 patients showed lower values for leukocytes (6.2 vs. 7.5x103/μL, p=0.015) and lymphocytes (1.9 vs. 2.8x103/μL, p=0.002). Creatinine values were higher in patients who suffered from COVID-19 (1.0 vs 0.8 mg/dl, p=0.004 – Figure 1, panel A). Adaptive Optics showed no differences in terms of internal lumen, wall thickness and WLR of retinal arterioles. However, the wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) was found to be higher in COVID-19 patients (p=0.039 – Figure 1, panel B). Hypertension significantly affected both WCSA and WLR between COVID-19 and healthy individuals, while diabetes only impacted on WLR (Figure 2). Conclusion Previous studies described the presence of leukopenia and lymphopenia during the acute phase of SARS-CoV2 infection. Our study demonstrates that these alterations persist several weeks after symptoms onset. Adaptive Optics showed microvascular alterations occurring in these patients: in particular, higher wall cross-sectional area of retinal arterioles were observed in patients after COVID-19 hospitalization, reflecting the complex pathogenic mechanisms which may explain the wide range of symptoms and clinical severity. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1 Figure 2


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Stefański ◽  
Joanna M Harazny ◽  
Jacek Wolf ◽  
Eliza Miszkowska-Nagórna ◽  
Bogumił Wolnik ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Subclinical damage to both the small and large vessels may contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF), an established method used to measure retinal microcirculation, has been successfully applied in hypertensive and post-stroke patients. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have assessed the impact of type 1 diabetes and its duration on retinal arteriole structure denoted by wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and retinal capillary flow (RCF). MethodsRetinal microcirculation was assessed in 158 patients with type 1 diabetes and 38 age-matched healthy controls. The diabetics were divided into 3 groups: group A with diabetes duration <12 months, group B with diabetes duration between 1 and 10 years, and group C >10 years of diabetes. Retinal capillary structure and perfusion were evaluated using a Heidelberg retina flowmeter and automatically analyzed with full-field perfusion imaging. Diabetes control was assessed by HbA1c measurement. ResultsBoth age and BMI were comparable in all the diabetic patients and the controls (mean age 24.8 ± 4.7 years, mean BMI 22.9 ± 4.1). The patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had the highest HbA1c (11.1%) whereas groups B and C were comparable in this respect (7.8% ± 1.9%; 8.0% ± 1.7%, respectively). In the univariate analyses, RCF was significantly higher in group A (297 ± 121 arbitrary units [AU]) vs group B (236 ± 52 AU; p = 0.007) and group C (236 ± 70 AU; p = 0.008) and comparable to that of the controls (p = 0.46). Additionally, the WLR was highest in group C compared to the other diabetic subgroups and controls (p = 0.47). ConclusionsNew-onset diabetes is associated with an increase in RCF, which then gradually decreased with the duration of the disease. Structural changes of the retinal arterioles estimated via WLR are evident later in the course of diabetes, especially when the disease duration exceeded 10 years. These results could not be explained by age or diabetes control. Our findings may have important implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying increased cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Arthur ◽  
Jessica Alber ◽  
Louisa I. Thompson ◽  
Stuart Sinoff ◽  
Peter J. Snyder

AbstractThe retinal neurovascular unit consists of blood vessel endothelial cells, pericytes, neurons, astrocytes, and Müller cells that form the inner retinal blood barrier. A peripheral capillary free zone (pCFZ) represents the distance that oxygen and nutrients must diffuse to reach the neural retina, and serves as a metric of retinal tissue oxygenation. The pCFZs are formed based on oxygen saturation in the retinal arterioles and venules. Because retinal arterioles contain a larger concentration of oxygenated blood than venules, there is a reduced need for capillaries to exist closely to arterioles compared to venules. Therefore, in a healthy individual, larger periarteriole CFZs are expected compared to perivenule CFZs. With normal aging, there is atrophy of the inner retinal neurons, and consequently reduced extraction of oxygen and nutrients from the retinal vessels (i.e., increased oxygen saturation). Therefore, we hypothesized that the peripheral CFZ will remodel with normal aging. Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, we showed that the pCFZs do remodel in normal aging with large (perivenule: η2p = 0.56) and moderate (periarteriole: η2p = 0.12) effect sizes, opening the possibility that such changes may be further increased by neurodegenerative diseases that adversely impact the health of the retinal neural cell layers.


2021 ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Chi Ren ◽  
Peirong Lu

We report a case of binocular retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with completely different visual acuity between 2 eyes, which may be contributed by the presence of cilioretinal arteries (CRAs) in 1 eye. A 66-year-old female patient complained of blurred vision after binocular cataract surgeries. Examinations revealed her right eye had 20/25 central visual acuity, but the fellow eye only had light perception. Subsequent fundus photography of both eyes firmed the diagnosis of binocular RP. However, there were some significant differences in retinal vessels, which were attenuated in her left eye in contrast to several spared retinal arterioles in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed that the spared vessels might be CRAs. Our case provides an evidence that macular blood flow may contribute to the survival of cone cells in RP.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 530.1-530
Author(s):  
S. Piantoni ◽  
F. Regola ◽  
S. Masneri ◽  
C. Nalli ◽  
C. Bazzani ◽  
...  

Background:T-cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in its cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities, acting at microvascular level [1]. Since small artery remodeling is the earliest form of target organ damage in hypertension, the evaluation of microvascular alterations might provide clinically useful information. The evaluation of retinal arterioles is a non-invasive technique to identify a precocious microvascular damage, which is related to an increase of the wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) [2]. CD3+CD31+CXCR4+ T-cells may be involved in damaged endothelium repair and are increased in patients with morphological microvascular alterations [3]. In addition to its effect on disease activity, abatacept (ABA), a co-stimulator blocker which is approved for the treatment of RA, may have specific CV protective action, modulating the numbers of certain subtypes of lymphocytes [4].Objectives:To non-invasively investigate morphological characteristics of retinal arterioles and to evaluate CD3+CD31+CXCR4+T-cells in a cohort of RA patients treated with ABA.Methods:Eleven RA patients [median (25th-75thpercentile) age=58 (50-65) years, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP)-DAS28=4.4 (3.8-4.6), body mass index (BMI)=23.4 (21.6-25.6) kg/m2, rheumatoid factor (RF) positive:45%, anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (ACPA) positive:73%] without known CV risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, previous CV events, smoking) were evaluated by adaptive optics, a validated technique quantifying microvascular damage [5], before and every 6 months of therapy with ABA (T0, T6 and T12). Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was made by flow-cytometry in 5 patients of the cohort at T0 and T6.Results:A progressive significant reduction of the WLR of retinal arterioles was observed [T0=0.28 (0.25-0.30), T6=0.27 (0.24-0.31), T12=0.23 (0.23-0.26); p T0 vs T6=0.4; p T6 vs T12=0.01; p T0 vs T12=0.01] (Figure 1), without significant variations in the other parameters [internal diameter: T0=94.4 (84.1-104.0), T6=94.8 (84.6-107.7), T12=99.2 (89.1-109.1) µm; external diameter: T0=125.8 (111.1-131.0), T6=122.4 (109.1-134.5), T12=125.6 (113.9-134.4) µm; wall thickness: T0=13.2 (12.2-14.4), T6=13.4 (11.7-14.4), T12=12.5 (11.6-13.0) µm; wall cross-sectional area: T0=4581.0 (3788.7-5263.7), T6=4563.3 (3788.5-5295.2), T12=4099.7 (3899.0-5145.7) µm2)]. In 5 patients evaluated also for T-cell immunophenotyping a negative correlation was observed between CD3+CD31+CXCR4+ T-cell number and the retinal wall thickness at baseline (R=0.871;p=0.05). After ABA therapy a trend for reduction of CD3+CD31+CXCR4+T-cells [19.0 (13.8-38.3) vs 12.4 (5.2-18.0) % of CD3+], was observed as well as of significant reduction of retinal wall cross-sectional area [5123.3 (4385.0-5470.3) vs 4852.3 (4118.3-5228.0) µm2;p=0.04].Conclusion:In a cohort of RA patients without known CV risk factors, a reduction in retinal microvascular alterations arterioles was demonstrated after treatment for 12 months with ABA. CD3+CD31+CXCR4+T-cell number was inversely related to the possible presence of subclinical CV involvement. These results may suggest the possibility of microvascular abnormalities regression induced by the immune system modulation.References:[1]Dessein PH, J Rheumatol 2005.[2]Rizzoni D, Am J Hypertens. 2018.[3]Hur J, Circulation 2007.[4]Kallikourdis M, Nat Commun 2017.[5]De Ciuceis C, J Hypertens 2018.Acknowledgements:Bristol-Myers-Squibb Italy provided an unrestricted research grant for the study conduct.Figure 1.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


Author(s):  
А.О. Диреев ◽  
И.В. Мунц ◽  
Е.В. Маздорова ◽  
А.Н. Рябиков ◽  
С.К. Малютина

Изменения калибра сосудов сетчатки и топография микрососудистого русла отражают кумулятивный ответ на старение, влияние факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска, воспаление, эндотелиальную дисфункцию. Для систематического обзора исследований характеристик сосудов сетчатки при увеличении возраста и старении мы провели поиск публикаций (2003-2020 гг.). В обзоре представлены свидетельства уменьшения калибров артериол и венул сетчатки при старении; обратная связь с возрастом найдена в этнически гетерогенных популяциях в широком возрастном диапазоне (4-9-я декады). Возрастная динамика артериовенозного отношения (AVR) оценивается менее последовательно. Имеются данные о потере сложности микроциркуляторного русла сетчатки в пожилом возрасте, что может снижать функциональную активность микроциркуляции, но количество исследований недостаточно для системных выводов. Популяционные работы по данной теме в России практически отсутствуют. Иcследования микрососудистого русла сетчатки при старении на основе автоматизированного анализа современного спектра показателей в российской популяции актуальны и предоставят новые данные. The changes of retinal vascular caliber and microvascular topography reflect the cumulative response to ageing, the influence of cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction. With objective to perform a systematic review of the studies which evaluate retinal vessels in ageing, we conducted the search of published reports (2003-2020). The review provided the evidence of narrowing of the caliber of retinal arterioles and venules in ageing; inverse relationship has been found in ethnically heterogeneous populations in a wide age range from 4th to 9th decade. The age dynamics of arteriovenous ratio (AVR) is evaluated less consistently. The available data showed the loss of complexity of the retinal microcirculatory bloodstream in elderly age, which might lead to a decrease in functional activity of microcirculation; however the studies are limited for systematic conclusions. The large population studies in Russia on this topic are practically absent. The researches of the microvascular retinal bloodstream in aging using the automatic analysis of the modern range of indicators, are relevant in the Russian population and will provide new data.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document