biological and environmental samples
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2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Pannu ◽  
Md. Jawaid Akhtar ◽  
Bhupinder Kumar

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was initially launched as an antimalarial drug, but now it is also used as a slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug. It contains equal proportions of (-)-(R)-hydroxychloroquine and (+)-(S)-hydroxychloroquine. Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine, a synthetic 4-aminoquinoline derivative, possesses antimalarial, antirheumatic activity and also exerts beneficial effects on lupus erythematous disease. Substantial levels of three metabolites of HCQ, which are desethylchloroquine (DCQ), bisdesethylhydroxychloroquine (BDCQ), and desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ), have been determined by various analytical techniques from blood and plasma. Methods: Various analytical techniques have been reported for asynchronous and simultaneous estimation of HCQ and their metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological samples like serum, whole blood, and urine. The analytical techniques are Square-wave voltammetry employed with the cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode, fast UHPLC–fluorescent method, UV spectrophotometry, UHPLC-UV analysis, RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry, NMR, and CE. Results and discussion: We have complied with various analytical methods for detection of HCQ with its various metabolites simultaneous or alone in pharmaceutical dosage forms, biological and environmental samples. The authors believe that the above-mentioned studies compiled in this report will give a choice to readers to select the most appropriate and suitable method for the analysis of HCQ. Further, it is also believed that this study will help the researchers to develop a more sensitive, convenient, and rapid method based on literature reports.


2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 107687
Author(s):  
A. Hrioua ◽  
A. Loudiki ◽  
A. Farahi ◽  
M. Bakasse ◽  
S. Lahrich ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Kumar Manna ◽  
Tapas Kumar Achar ◽  
Sanchita Mondal

In this minireview, we have comprehensively discussed recent advances in the design principles and sensing mechanisms of developed probes and their biological/environmental applications in selective formaldehyde detection.


RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 9675-9681
Author(s):  
Sheta M. Sheta ◽  
Mohkles M. Abd-Elzaher ◽  
Said M. El-Sheikh

A novel chemosensor based on a novel nano-lanthanum complex for detection of macrofurans as an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Martins Rubatino ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Rayssa Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo

: Roxithromycin is one of the most frequently used macrolide antibiotics, a safe group of antimicrobials that acts against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. It is sold in several countries in different dosage forms (tablets and capsules) and strengths (50, 100, 150 and 300 mg). Several analytical methods have been described to quantify roxithromycin in different matrices, such as biological and environmental samples and food. Identifying the main characteristics of the drugs and selecting appropriate analytical methods for their quantification are of paramount importance for understanding the behavior of drugs, metabolites and impurities. This review presents the physicalchemical and microbiological characteristics, properties as well as methods for quantification of roxithromycin in biological fluids, pharmaceutical preparations, food and environmental samples. HPLC coupled to various detection systems is the most used analytical technique to determine roxithromycin in these matrices. Although many analytical methods have been reported for the analysis of this drug, it is very important to include in this context a prospective view, in order to implement new analytical technologies for the quality control of this antimicrobial that contribute to the preservation of economic and environmental impacts.


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