A potential crack region method to detect crack using image processing of multiple thresholding

In this paper, a potential crack region method is proposed to detect road pavement cracks by using the adaptive threshold. To reduce the noises of the image, the pre-treatment algorithm was applied according to the following steps: grayscale processing, histogram equalization, filtering traffic lane. From the image segmentation methods, the algorithm combines the global threshold and the local threshold to segment the image. According to the grayscale distribution characteristics of the crack image, the sliding window is used to obtain the window deviation, and then, the deviation image is segmented based on the maximum inter-class deviation. Obtain a potential crack region and then perform a local threshold-based segmentation algorithm. Real images of pavement surface were used at the Su Tong Li road in Suzhou, China. It was found that the proposed approach could give a more explicit description of pavement cracks in images. The method was tested on 509 images of the German asphalt pavement distress (Gap) dataset: The test results were found to be promising (precision = 0.82, recall = 0.81, F1 score = 0.83).

Investigation of Motorcycle Trajectories in 2-lane Horizontal Curves

Most of the road design guidelines assume that the vehicles traverse a trajectory that coincides with the midline of the traffic lane. Based on this assumption the thresholds of various features are determined such as the maximum permissible side friction factor. It is therefore important to investigate the extent to which the trajectory of the vehicles is similar to the horizontal alignment of the road or substantial differences exist. To this end, a naturalistic riding study was designed and executed with the use of an instrumented motorcycle which measured the position of the motorcycle with great accuracy in a rural 2-lane road segment. The derived trajectories were then plotted against the horizontal alignment of the road and compared with the 3 consecutive elements which form a typical horizontal curve i.e., the entering spiral curve, the circular curve, and the exiting spiral curve. Linear equations were developed which correlate the traveled curvatures with the distance of each horizontal curve along the road segment under investigation. The process of the data revealed that the riders differ their trajectory compared to the alignment of the road. However, in small radius horizontal curves is more likely to observe curvatures that are similar to the geometric one. Moreover, the riders perform more abrupt maneuvres in the first part of the horizontal curves while they straighten the handlebars of the motorcycle before the end of the curve. The present paper aims to shed light on the behavior of motorcycle riders on horizontal curves and hence to contribute to the reduction of motorcycle accidents, particularly the single-vehicle ones.

Efficient Video-Based Vehicle Queue Length Estimation Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning for an Urban Traffic Scenario

In the traffic engineering realm, queue length estimation is considered one of the most critical challenges in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Queue lengths are important for determining traffic capacity and quality, such that the risk for blockage in any traffic lane could be minimized. The Vision-based sensors show huge potentials compared to fixed or moving sensors as they offer flexibility for data acquisition due to large-scale deployment at a huge pace. Compared to others, these sensors offer low installation/maintenance costs and also help with other traffic surveillance related tasks. In this research, a CNN-based approach for estimation of vehicle queue length in an urban traffic scenario using low-resolution traffic videos is proposed. The system calculates queue length without the knowledge of any camera parameter or onsite calibration information. The estimation in terms of the number of cars is considered a priority as compared to queue length in the number of meters since the vehicular delay is the number of waiting cars times the wait time. Therefore, this research estimates queue length based on total vehicle count. However, length in meters is also provided by approximating average vehicle size as 5 m. The CNN-based approach helps with accurate tracking of vehicles’ positions and computing queue lengths without the need for installation of any roadside or in-vehicle sensors. Using a pre-trained 80-classes YOLOv4 model, an overall accuracy of 73% and 88% was achieved for vehicle-based and pixel-based queue length estimation. After further fine-tuning of model on the low-resolution traffic images and narrowing down the output classes to vehicle class only, an average accuracy of 83% and 93%, respectively, was achieved which shows the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach.

DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE ROAD CONDITIONS ON ROAD SECTIONS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

Introduction. The analysis of road capacity is carried out. Problem statement. One of the reasons for the appointment of the road reconstruction or part of it is the deterioration of traffic safety, resulting in an increase in the number of victims and material losses during traffic accidents. Road capacity is an important indicator during highway reconstruction. The analysis of the road section capacity makes it possible to assess the work of the road during its entire life cycle from the moment of its commissioning to the moment of reconstruction. Existing methods for determining the practical traffic lane capacity, the maximum traffic volume on the highway section give ambiguous results that need to be improved. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the average speed, which is one of the factors that determine the maximum traffic volume on the road. Materials and methods. Analysis of the results of experimental studies of average speeds of free movement of different type of vehicles on roads of different categories. Results. The general form of equations of dependence of average traffic speed on radii of horizontal curves and speed on a longitudinal slope is established; the impact of road conditions on the traffic speed according to the study of graphs of average speeds before and after the improvement of traffic conditions on road sections was analyzed. Conclusions. Based on the assessment of traffic conditions with the provision of maximum traffic volume on road sections between intersections and junctions, which determine the traffic volume between them, it is possible to address the need for partial or complete reconstruction of the highway. Keywords: road capacity, traffic volume, highway, intersection, junctions, traffic speed, highway reconstruction.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROAD NOISE IMPACT ON THE LIVING CONDITIONS IN URBAN AREAS

В современных городах отмечается устойчивый рост автомобильного транспорта, что служит условием формирования акустического дискомфорта и причиной появления некоторых экологически обусловленных заболеваний у населения. Приведено описание методики натурных экспериментов по измерению уровня шума в городской среде в различных условиях. Проведена оценка уровня автотранспортного шума в зависимости от расстояния между первой полосой движения и жилой застройкой. Исследовано влияние шума на условия среды обитания в жилых помещениях при открытых и закрытых створках окон, а также в режиме проветривания в дневное и вечернее время суток. Установлена экспериментальная зависимость эквивалентного уровня автотранспортного шума от этажности жилых зданий. In modern cities there is a steady growth of road transport, which serves as a condition for formation of the acoustic discomfort that leads to the emergence of some environmentally caused diseases. The article describes the methodology of field experiments for measuring noise level in an urban environment under various conditions. The level of motor vehicle noise was assessed depending on the distance between the first traffic lane and residential buildings. The influence of noise on the living environment conditions in residential premises with open and closed windows, as well as in the mode of ventilation both in the day and evening time. As well we established the experimental dependence of the equivalent level of motor vehicle noise on the number of floors of residential buildings.

Scheduling of Traffic Entities Under Reduced Traffic Flow by Means of Fuzzy Logic Control

This paper presents the design of a fuzzy logic-based traffic scheduling algorithm aimed at reducing traffic congestion for the case of partial obstruction of a bidirectional traffic lane. Such a problem is typically encountered in rail traffic and personal rapid transportation systems with predefined and fixed traffic corridors. The proposed proportional-derivative (PD) fuzzy control algorithm, serving as a traffic control automaton, alternately assigns adaptive green light periods to traffic coming from each direction. The proposed fuzzy logic-based traffic controller has been compared with the conventional traffic control automaton featuring fixed-durations of green light intervals. The comparison has been carried out within a simulation environment for four different probability distributions of stochastic traffic flows at each end of the considered traffic corridor. Results have shown that the proposed fuzzy logic-based traffic controller performance is far superior to that of the conventional traffic control law in terms of achieving shorter vehicle queue lengths and less disparity in queue lengths for all considered simulation scenarios.

Applying Machine Learning to Develop Lane Control Principles for Mixed Traffic

The mixed traffic environment often has high accident rates. Therefore, many motorcycle-related traffic improvements or control methods are employed in countries with mixed traffic, including slow-traffic lanes, motorcycle two-stage left turn areas, and motorcycle waiting zones. In Taiwan, motorcycles can ride in only the two outermost lanes, including the curb lane and a mixed traffic lane. This study analyzed the new motorcycle-riding space control policy on 27 major arterial roads containing 248 road segments in Taipei by analyzing before-and-after accident data from the years 2012–2018. In this study, the equivalent-property-damage-only (EPDO) method was used to evaluate the severity of crashes before and after the cancelation of the third lane prohibition of motorcycles (TLPM) policy. After EPDO analysis, the random forest analysis method was used to screen the crucial factors in accidents for specific road segments. Finally, a classification and regression tree (CART) was created to predict the accident improvement effects of the road segments with discontinued TLPM in different situations. Furthermore, to provide practical applications, this study integrated the CART results and the needs of traffic authorities to determine four rules for canceling TLPM. In the future, on the accident-prone road segment with TLPM, the inspection of the four rules can provide the authority to decide whether to cancel TLPM to improve the accident or not.

Persepsi Masyarakat Cirebon Terhadap Elemen Fisik Perkotaan di Koridor Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo

ABSTRAKJalan Cipto Mangunkusumo merupakan salah satu daerah pusat aktivitas kegiatan masyarakat Kota Cirebon, letaknya strategis pada pusat kota sehingga menjadi jalur utama lalu lintas di Kota Cirebon. Namun, ada beberapa elemen kota yang pemanfaatannya kurang sesuai sehingga fungsi elemen kota yang ada di daerah tersebut kurang maksimal dan menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan oleh masyarakat yang beraktivitas atau melintasi di jalan tersebut. Dengan adanya persepsi masyarakat terhadap elemen fisik kota yang ada di koridor jalan tersebut, maka penelitian ini menggunakan teori Hamid Shirvani, teori ini yaitu teori yang menjelaskan tentang 8 elemen fisik pembentuk kota, elemen tersebut antara lain : penggunaan lahan (Land Use), bentuk dan massa bangunan (Building Form and Massing), sirkulasi dan parking (Circulation and Parking), ruang terbuka (Open Space), jalur pejalan kaki (Pedestrian Ways), papan penanda (Signages), pendukung aktivitas (Activity Support), preservasi (Preservation). Dari indikator 8 elemen fisik pembentuk kota maka metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengambilan data kuesioner online kepada 116 responden yang diambil secara random sampling. Maksud pengambilan sampling kepada responden tersebut yaitu giuna untuk mendapatkan data kesimpulan tentang persepsi masyarakat pada kesesuaian dan kurang kesesuaian terhadap 8 elemen fisik pembenetuk kota yang ada di koridor Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo, diantara persepsi masyarakat pada elemen fisik kota yang sudah sesuai antara lain : penggunaan lahan, bentuk dan massa bangunan, jalur pejalan kaki, papan penanda, preservasi, dan persepsi masyarakat pada elemen fisik kota yang kurang sesuai antara lain : Sirkulasi dan area parkir, Ruang terbuka, Ruang pendukung aktivitas.Kata kunci : elemen fisik kota, kenyamanan kota, koridor jalan.ABSTRACTJalan Cipto Mangunkusumo is one of the central areas for community activities in Cirebon City. It is strategically located in the city center so that it becomes the main traffic lane in Cirebon City. However, there are some elements of the city whose utilization is not suitable so that the function of the urban elements in the area is not optimal and causes inconvenience to people who are active or crossing the road. With the public perception of the physical elements of the city in the corridor of the road, this study uses Hamid Shirvani's theory, this theory is a theory that explains the 8 physical elements that make up a city, these elements include: land use, shape and building mass (Building Form and Massing), circulation and parking (Circulation and Parking), open space (Open Space), pedestrian paths (Pedestrian Ways), signages (Signages), activity support (Activity Support), preservation (Preservation) . From the indicators of 8 physical elements that make up the city, the method used in this study is to use qualitative methods by taking online questionnaire data to 116 respondents who were taken by random sampling. The purpose of taking sampling of these respondents is to obtain conclusion data about people's perceptions of suitability and lack of conformity to the 8 physical elements that make up the city in the corridor of Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo, among community perceptions on the physical elements of the city that are appropriate, among others: land use, the shape and mass of buildings, pedestrian paths, signboards, preservation, and people's perceptions of the physical elements of the city that are not suitable, including: circulation and parking areas, open spaces, space to support activities.Keywords : physical elements of the city, city convenience, road corridors.