Explanatory Variables of Dropout in Colombian Public Education: Evolution Limited to Coronavirus Disease

<p style="text-align: justify;">Student dropout, defined as the temporary or definitive suspension of the exercise of the right to education, is attributable to multiple variables classified into individual, academic, institutional, and socioeconomic determinants which may be exacerbated in the context of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Consequently, this work aims to synthesize, from the available evidence, the behaviour and influence of the explanatory variables of school dropout in infant school, primary school and, high school in Colombia for the period 2014-2019 compared to the period 2020-2021 under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The research methodology consisted of a systematic review of 125 indexed articles for 2014-2019 and 32 reports related to dropout in Colombian Basic education for the 2020-2021 period. The systematic review of the 157 articles revealed that dropout was studied and explained in both time periods, mainly from the academic determinant whose most cited explanatory variables were: ‘teachers’, ‘curriculum’ and ‘methodologies used’. Moreover, it could be perceived that in the period 2014-2019, the socioeconomic variable was the second dropout determinant, considering ‘family income” as the most important indicator, while in 2020-2021 the “infrastructure” and the ‘political environment’ remained as the most dominant. Lastly, in 2020-2021, the variable ‘teachers’ was highly cited showing that their practice made students maintain their interest despite the physical distance.</p>

Applied social sciences: concepts and perspectives

The book “Applied social sciences: concepts and perspectives vol.01, edited and published by South Florida Publishing, gathers ten chapters that approach themes of relevance in the context of education and are available in Spanish. The book will feature, a study on establishing the development of literary transcendentalism and how it manifests itself between the islands of Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico from the years 1927 to the mid-1950s. Literary transcendentalism was a manifestation that contemplated various ideologies and positions among our Caribbean islands. Another study that will be discussed is the explanation of basic personality traits in a case of homicide perpetrated by a subject who exercised professional activity in the elite military field (he was a sniper specialized in special missions abroad), what are the repercussions or consequences juridical-juridical that led to the crime of (civil) homicide perpetrated by him and sentence handed down to that effect. The third chapter presents a search for a model for the assessment of competencies in basic education through a case study at the Los Pinos de Algeciras school. We are in the middle of the infant school. A survey will also be presented in a global company, located in Brazil, on how it is facing knowledge management and its dissemination, through corporate tools and by managers. It also aims to research market tools that can improve this management and make companies move towards a future within the plan, without significant loss of their intellectual capital and embedded knowledge, among other works. Thus, we thank all authors for their commitment and dedication to their work and we hope to be able to contribute to the scientific community, in the dissemination of knowledge and in the advancement of science.

Education oriented principles and fundamentals

The book “Education oriented principles and fundamentals 1 ST Edition, edited and published by South Florida Publishing, gathers five chapters that approach themes of relevance in the context of education and are available in Spanish. In the first chapter, a research is presented, whose objective is to provide the basis for a pro-student persistence model in higher education applicable in unfavorable socio-academic contexts. The second chapter presents a teaching model that is presented to design teaching as a basis for the use of cognitive strategies, and it is also necessary to establish different strategies to be able to pedagogically evaluate the performance of the student. The third chapter presents a search for a model for the assessment of competencies in basic education through a case study at the Los Pinos de Algeciras school. We are in the middle of the infant school. The fourth chapter, the importance of creating and dynamizing the narrative is supported by the promotion of emerging reading behaviors in day care centers. It is also intended to contribute to the reflection on the role of the educator / mediator in promoting an educational project that facilitates intervention in day care centers. The emerging literacy level. And finally, or the fifth chapter, as a novel educational experience, the application of the Flipped Classroom Model to the teaching of classical culture was drawn, highlighting the importance of the elaboration of interesting and motivating multimedia didactic materials for the students, supported by the use of the new technologies, to improve teaching practice by organizing work in the classroom in an active and participatory way. Thus, we thank all authors for their commitment and dedication to their work and we hope to be able to contribute to the scientific community, in the dissemination of knowledge and in the advancement of science.

Influence of the Psychomotor Profile in the Improvement of Learning in Early Childhood Education

The development of psychomotor skills in childhood enables children to organise the outside world through their bodies, contributing to their intellectual, affective, and social development. The present study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the psychomotor profile, throughout three academic years, of 3, 4 and 5-year-olds belonging to the second cycle of infant school, relating it descriptively to academic performance. The sample consisted of 82 subjects aged between 3 and 6 years throughout the study. The distribution of the sample was homogeneous, with 47.6% boys (n = 39) and 52.4% girls (n = 43). The results not only highlight the importance of the development and stimulation of motor skills from an early age for the overall development of the child, but also, when related to previous studies, show how they influence the development of human beings in adulthood.

El playground y las propuestas para la educación de los niños (desde la Infant School hasta el Parque Infantil, 1823-1935)

n la historia del playground, desde su desarrollo en los EE. UU., a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, se han adoptado propuestas pedagógicas y de equipos que se refieren a dos instituciones educativas creadas en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, la Infant School inglesa y el kindergarten aleman. La iniciativa norteamericana se extendió en América Latina, como en México, Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil. En este artículo de investigación histórica, analizamos las ideas sobre el playground defendidas por Samuel Wilderspin, responsable del movimiento de las Infant Schools en Inglaterra. Luego, se presentan algunas de las propuestas de la Playground Association of America e información sobre la difusión del playground en Latinoamérica. El texto analiza cómo las composiciones que llevaron a su implantación se produjeron a través de articulaciones enfocadas en políticas sociales que no se limitan a cuestiones pedagógicas, escolares, sino también referidas a la educación física, el urbanismo y la higiene. Consideradas muchas veces como propuestas restringidas a la educación física, orientadas a las prácticas deportivas, gimnásticas y de recreación, estas instituciones componían propuestas de educación integral, involucrando diferentes dimensiones. Se identifican diferencias entre países, que se deben a los contextos en los que se apropiaron las propuestas, como en el caso del Parque Infantil y otras variantes de la institución en Brasil y las Plazas de Deportes en Escuelas al Aire Libre en Uruguay. Las confluencias y distancias en la historia de estas instituciones a lo largo de América Latina constituyen un fértil campo de investigación por explorar.