Costs of an Alcohol Measurement Intervention in Three Latin American Countries

Alcohol measurement in health care settings is an effective intervention for reducing alcohol-related harm. However, in many countries, costs related to alcohol measurement have not yet been transparently assessed, which may hinder its adoption and implementation. Costs of an alcohol measurement programme in three upper-middle-income Latin American countries were assessed via questionnaires and compared, as part of the quasi-experimental SCALA study. Additional to the intervention costs, the costs of three implementation strategies: standard training and clinical package, intensive training and clinical package, and community support, were assessed and subsequently translated into costs per additional alcohol measurement session. Results demonstrated that costs for one alcohol measurement session ranged between Int$ 0.67 and Int$ 1.23 in Colombia, Int$ 1.19 and Int$ 2.57 in Mexico, and Int$ 1.11 and Int$ 2.14 in Peru. Costs were mainly driven by the salaries of the health professionals. Implementation strategies costs per additional alcohol measurement session ranged between Int$ 1.24 and Int$ 6.17. In all three countries, standard training and a clinical package may be a promising implementation strategy with a relatively low cost per additional alcohol measurement session.

The Status of First Aid Skills Mastery and Training Preferences of College Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective： Bystander first aid can improve the survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or trauma, College students are potential bystanders of first aid in society. In the research, we aim to determine the universality of first aid training and the mastery of first aid skills among college students in order to implement first aid. Methods：From January to October 2021, Carry out questionnaire surveys by WeChat push, A random cross-sectional study was conducted on students from five universities in Wenzhou. In order to understand the knowledge and skills of first aid, Respondents accepted the first aid scenario that answered two hypotheses. Results：Among the 1,171 college students interviewed. Among them, 37.23% are males and 62.77% are females; 78.31% have first aid training experience, and 21.69% have no first aid training experience; 71% of college students acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills through first aid training conducted by the Red Cross, medical emergency centers or hospitals, etc. 22% of college students study through the information network; All college students interviewed expressed their willingness to participate in first aid training. But 21.69% of college students have not received first aid training, The reason for the inability to participate in the training is that they do not understand the ways to participate in first aid training, accounting for 37.01%; Lack of confidence accounted for 19.69%, and lack of time accounted for 35.04%; In the hypothetical emergency scene, In the male group, 48.96% were willing to treat the injured, and 36.19% in the female group. There is a statistical difference between the two (P＜0.01); The junior college student group and the undergraduate student group are 28.09% and 44.09% separately. The medical professional group and the students with the first aid training group are 60.4% and 43.51% separately, The willingness to implement first aid has a clear advantage over the non-medical and non-trained two groups. The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). The first aid skills are well mastered: chest compression 46.19%, judgment awareness 35.95%, hemostasis bandaging 32.88%, The worse ones were artificial respiration 24.67%, open airway 23.56%, and fracture fixation 8.96%. Conclusion: College students have a positive attitude towards learning first aid knowledge. However, it was found that the first aid skills were not well mastered, and the training was insufficient. Colleges and universities should provide first aid-related courses, extracurricular intensive training and other methods, Increase the knowledge of college students to deal with emergencies and improve basic first aid skills. Incorporating first aid skills training into university curricula and implementing it is a long-term strategy. Improve college students' awareness of first aid knowledge to obtain better social benefits. Key words: Attitude, First aid skills, college student training.

A POSSIBLE CORRELATION BETWEEN MYOSTATIN AND TESTOSTERONE AIDED BY GENETIC FACTORS ENHANCING ‎ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE RECOVERY

Background: multiple factors can affect athletic performance including nutrition, environmental, ‎physiological, physical fitness, and genetic factors. Hormonal factors such as testosterone, and ‎myostatin (MSTN) or GDF8 can be named to show significant effect on muscle growth and ‎recovery after intensive training. Illustrating the combined relationship between the latest factors ‎may help in developing efficient program for athletic care and exceled performance.‎ Methods: participation in this work came from 67 male divided into two groups of 35 endurance ‎and sprinters and 32 power athletes, with 36 females fall into two groups of 20 sprinters and 16 ‎power athletes. Testosterone and MSTN levels were measured in both genders before, and after ‎intensive training program followed by third measurement after 5 hours rest and recovery. The ‎MSTN gene was analyzed for the presence of genetic polymorphism using specific PCR ‎amplification.‎ Results: data obtained showed the presence of negative relationship between testosterone and ‎MSTN, whereas genetic analysis showed presence of three genotypes with different frequencies ‎each one of them affected MSTN with different rate ranging from normal production levels with ‎normal function to lack of function found in power athletes showing speedup muscle recovery and ‎higher muscle mass.‎ Conclusions: higher levels of testosterone reduced MSTN levels significantly showing negative ‎correlation between them. Low expression or production of nonfunctional MSTN protein enhanced ‎muscle recovery, higher muscle mass, and improved athletic performance.‎

The Tendencies of Mathematics' Teaching Staff Members in Saudi Arabia Towards Using "Blackboard" in University Teaching and Their Training Requirements: اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة تدريس الرياضيات بالجامعات السعودية نحو استخدام منصة Blackboard في التعليم الجامعي واحتياجاتهم التدريبية

The extract This study aims to detect the tendencies of the mathematics teaching staff in Saudi universities towards using the E- learning management system " Blackboard" in learning and university teaching. And it asks for their training requirements and if there are statistically significant differences between the responds of the sample studies individuals among universities teaching staff. It is about using blackboards in teaching Mathematics that could be attributed to gender variable, academic degree as well as their training background. So, for achieving this objective, the researcher has used the descriptive approach and she used " questionnaire" as a studying tool. The study sample is made up of) 73( teaching member staff whom the "questionnaire" has been sent to them Research's results showed that the tendencies' overall average for teaching member staff is positive with (2.66) percentage. Similarly, the study has shown positive results towards the need for more training on the use of the blackboard system. The study identified a set of recommendations; the most significant is related to: scaling up this experience in all Saudi universities. Beside providing the continuous and intensive training for the teaching staff members and students on the use of the E-learning management system " Blackboard".

The Effect of Intensive Training Program On The Development of Some Motor, Physical, Functional Abilities and Fighting Efficiency Of Special Iraqi Forces

The researcher aimed at identifying the effect of a training program on the development of fighting efficiency. The researchers used the experimental method on (32) fighters from the Iraqi special forces. The researcher designed special training that develops some functional and physical abilities as well as the fighting efficiency of Iraqi forces fighters. The program is applied for two months with (22) training sessions in a month with 5 – 6 sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with conclusions.

San Jose City College Peer Leaders Share Peer-to-Peer Observation and Feedback Processes

San Jose City College offers a comprehensive Certificate of Specialization in Peer Leader Training for students who are gainfully employed in Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) and/or Supplemental Instruction (SI) programs. Led by veteran Peer Leaders (PLs), faculty and support staff, newly hired PLs begin their intensive training at two biannual orientations scheduled during summer and winter intersessions. PLTL & SI PLs are also expected to concurrently enroll in one of three 0.5 unit training courses over three semesters and attend monthly one-hour meetings with faculty coordinators and staff, while facilitating weekly PLTL and/or SI workshops. Additionally, PLTL PLs enroll in a 0.5-unit directed studies course and meet weekly with their Lead Faculty PLTL Practitioner to ensure course material and workshop activities are aligned. Among their employment responsibilities, PLs are expected to also engage in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) observations, both as observees and observers. Their active participation in P2P duty plays an important role in maintaining the quality of student participants’ experiences in workshops while simultaneously furthering their professional development and is the focus of this paper.

Features of the Use of Distance Education in Quarantine Conditions in the Postmodern World

Under the conditions of quarantine, distance learning turned out to be the only acceptable form of education, which corresponds to the current world norms of today's postmodern world space, because this type of organization of the educational process is included in the list of institutional forms along with full-time, part-time, network, and the like. Each institution of higher education, within the granted autonomy, has developed and implemented a system of measures for the technological and technical aspects of the implementation of the educational process under quarantine conditions. Along with the variety of forms of production of distance education, there are common problems and challenges for higher education institutions: the workload of both teachers and students has significantly increased; revealed the need for intensive training in the use of distance forms in the educational process; work intensified and it turned out to be obvious that specialized distance learning centers were functioning on the basis of higher educational institutions; Students with special educational needs require significant attention, both in terms of socio-psychological support and support in distance learning. The recommendations of the world community on the course of the educational process in the conditions of quarantine are considered. Most international organizations have implemented the statements and issued a set of recommendations for education systems that countries can use in making policy decisions and implementing specific action plans.

Smart syringe using actuator and force sensor for epidural anesthesia injection

The anesthesia process in the epidural space is quite difficult as it requires a high level of skill. Therefore, a medical accident occurs, and intensive training is required. In order to reduce these medical accidents, medical technology is being developed, which provides safe and accurate treatment services. This paper proposes a smart syringe design for safe and accurate anesthesia in the epidural space. The smart syringe is designed to measure the electrical sensing waveform by using a sensor instead of the sense of the hand during anesthesia and show the position of the needle through external monitoring. To design a smart syringe, a force sensor, actuator, and CPU were used, and a 3D printer was used to produce the outer shape. An animal test was conducted to evaluate the performance test of the smart syringe, and satisfactory results were obtained by measuring the needle insertion process of the smart syringe and the position of the needle through the animal experiment.

A review of hospital based ventilator malfunctions reported to the FDA in 2021

Ventilator care is synonymous with Intensive care. These devices are electromechanical and as such can fail. Most failures are without patient incident, injury, and harm. The FDA requires manufacturers who learn of malfunction, injury or death while operating their product to report to the agency via the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database. I reviewed 500 recent events reported to the FDA and found an increasing trend from 2020 to 2021 in hospital ventilator malfunction reports. Examination of these reports is critical to assuring quality ventilator care. The author concluded that intensive training on the device characteristics and feature and a more rigorous examination of ventilator performance between patients may assist in reducing device malfunctions. Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, Ventilator malfunction, FDA

Awareness of Sport Massage Therapy among University Level Football Players in Pakistan

Sports massage is very common among the athletes of developed nations. Since many of studies have been conducted and revealed positive benefits of Sports massage (SMT). The results of different studies show that it improves health, enhance immunity, speedy recovery after an injury, and after intensive training. This study is aimed to investigate the knowledge of university level athletes in Pakistan about the concept of Sport Massage Therapy (SMT). 125 participants were participated in this study, the sample was selected using convenient sampling technique and data was gathered using sport massage questionnaire developed by Lloyd Leach and Mignon Schilz. The results show that there is very little awareness and knowledge about Sport Massage Therapy among the University Football Players. The results of this study also indicate athletes perceive that sport massage helpful in rehabilitation and just an event of enjoyment. It was concluded on basis of results that athlete have very little knowledge about the role of sport massage in Sport Performance.