prevention and treatment
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Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Dóra Kovács ◽  
Nikolett Palkovicsné Pézsa ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele ◽  
Miklós Süth ◽  
Orsolya Farkas

Intestinal epithelium provides the largest barrier protecting mammalian species from harmful external factors; however, it can be severely compromised by the presence of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Antibiotics have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of GI bacterial infections, leading to antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine alike. In order to decrease antibiotic usage, natural substances, such as flavonoids, are investigated to be used as antibiotic alternatives. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are potential candidates for this purpose owing to their various beneficial effects in humans and animals. In this study, protective effects of grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOPs) were tested in IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium of swine origin. GSOPs were able to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation and barrier integrity disruption inflicted by bacteria in the co-culture. Furthermore, GSOPs could decrease the adhesion of both bacteria to IPEC-J2 cells. Based on these observations, GSOPs seem to be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal bacterial infections.


Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Carolina Bologna ◽  
Eduardo Pone

In order to evaluate the efficacy of oral supplementation with 3 g of arginine per day associated with creatine, L-carnitine, aspartic acid, magnesium, selenium and vitamins C and E (Argivit© Aesculapius Farmaceutici) in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia, we conducted a parallel randomized study comparing it with standard therapy alone. Forty patients on standard therapy plus supplementation were compared with a control group of 40 patients, all hospitalized at the sub-intensive care unit of the Del Mare Hospital in Naples, with a clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pneumonia. Muscle strength was assessed with the handgrip test and muscle ultrasound. Arginine-supplemented patients had an average grip strength of 23.5 at the end of hospitalization compared with 22.5 in the untreated group with less reduction, showing statistical significance (p < 0.001). In the same way, the thickness of the vastus lateralis quadriceps femoris muscle measured at the end of hospitalization showed less reduction on ultrasound, with a higher average value in the group receiving treatment than in the group of patients without supplementation (p < 0.001). Upon discharge there was a 58.40% reduction in ventilation days in patients with arginine supplementation compared with the control group.


2022 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
А.М. ОМАРИ ◽  
Т.А. АРЫСТАНОВА

Работа посвящена разработке методики количественного определения глицирризина и аскорбиновой кислоты при их совместном присутствии в комбинированном лекарственном препарате в виде саше методом УФ-спектрофотометрии. This paper represents a developed technique for the quantitative determination of a new medicinal composition based on dry licorice extract and ascorbic acid for the prevention and treatment of immunode ciency in viral infections by UV spectrophotometry


2022 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
А.М. ОМАРИ ◽  
Т.А. АРЫСТАНОВА

В статье описано современное состояние распространения, переработки и использования солодки в Казахстане. Представлены литературные данные использования компонентов корня солодки в создании лекарственных средств для профилактики и лечения иммунодефицитного состояния при вирусных инфекциях. Обобщены литературные данные о комбинированных препаратах, содержащих экстракт корня солодки, глицирризиновую кислоту. The article describes the current state of distribution, processing and use of licorice in Kazakhstan. The literature data on the use of licorice root components in the creation of medicines for the prevention and treatment of immunodeficiency in viral infections are presented. The literature data on combined preparations containing licorice root extract and glycyrrhizic acid are summarized.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changping Gu ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Guanghan Wu ◽  
Yue-lan Wang

Mitochondrial dynamics, including continuous biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy, are crucial to maintain mitochondrial integrity, distribution, size, and function, and play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Cardiovascular health improves with aerobic exercise, a well-recognized non-pharmaceutical intervention for both healthy and ill individuals that reduces overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Increasing evidence shows that aerobic exercise can effectively regulate the coordinated circulation of mitochondrial dynamics, thus inhibiting CVD development. This review aims to illustrate the benefits of aerobic exercise in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by modulating mitochondrial function.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
Liqun Jia ◽  
Xiaoran Ma ◽  
Huayao Li ◽  
Changgang Sun

As observed with other chemotherapeutic agents, the clinical application of platinum agents is a double-edged sword. Platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse event that negatively affects clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Considering the unavailability of effective established agents for preventing or treating PIPN and the increasing population of cancer survivors, the identification and development of novel, effective interventions are the need of the hour. Plant-derived medicines, recognized as ideal agents, can not only help improve PIPN without affecting chemotherapy efficacy, but may also produce synergy. In this review, we present a brief summary of the mechanisms of platinum agents and PIPN and then focus on exploring the preventive or curative effects and underlying mechanisms of plant-derived medicines, which have been evaluated under platinum-induced neurotoxicity conditions. We identified 11 plant extracts as well as 17 plant secondary metabolites, and four polyherbal preparations. Their effects against PIPN are focused on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, glial activation and inflammation response, and ion channel dysfunction. Also, ten clinical trials have assessed the effect of herbal products in patients with PIPN. The understanding of the molecular mechanism is still limited, the quality of clinical trials need to be further improved, and in terms of their efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness studies have not provided sufficient evidence to establish a standard practice. But plant-derived medicines have been found to be invaluable sources for the development of natural agents with beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of PIPN.


2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-899
Author(s):  
O. B. Shvabskaia ◽  
O. V. Izmailova ◽  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina

The association of hyperuricemia (HU) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease has been demonstrated in numerous studies. НU is the main pathogenetic factor in the development of gout and is associated with an increase in overall and cardiovascular mortality. НU is included in the list of factors determining cardiovascular risk. According to epidemiological studies, there is a high prevalence of HU in the world and its increase in recent decades. A number of factors have been identified that contribute to the increased risk of НU. Non-modifiable factors include gender, age, genetic factors, and modifiable factors include diet and lifestyle. Nutritional unbalances, increased life expectancy, increased prevalence of obesity, and increased use of drugs (especially diuretics) are seen as contributing factors to the rise in НU. The review was carried out to summarize the available information on the effect of dietary habits, individual foods and nutrients on serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of developing HU. The review presents the results of scientific studies demonstrating the relationship of НU with the consumption of foods rich in purines (offal, red meat, fish, seafood, legumes), alcohol consumption, drinks sweetened with fructose, coffee, dairy products, vegetables and fruits. Diet correction is an important and necessary step in the prevention and treatment of НU. The article reviews the basic principles of dietary management in HU and provides dietary recommendations for patients. For effective prevention and treatment of НU, a mandatory correction of the diet is required.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Altay Unal ◽  
Omur Besbinar ◽  
Hasan Nazir ◽  
Gokce Yagmur Summak ◽  
Fatma Bayrakdar ◽  
...  

Since the first cases the coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) reported in December 2019, worldwide continuous efforts have been placed both for the prevention and treatment of this infectious disease. As new variants of the virus emerge, the need for an effective antiviral treatment continues. The concept of preventing SARS-CoV-2 on both pre-entry and post-entry stages has not been much studied. Therefore, we compared the antiviral activities of three antiviral drugs which have been currently used in the clinic. In silico docking analyses and in vitro viral infection in Vero E6 cells were performed to delineate their antiviral effectivity when used alone or in combination. Both in silico and in vitro results suggest that the combinatorial treatment by favipiravir and umifenovir or camostat mesylate has more antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 rather than single drug treatment. These results suggest that inhibiting both viral entry and viral replication at the same time is much more effective for the antiviral treatment of SARS-CoV-2.


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