Effects of aerobic exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients

Background To study the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients. Methods This study consisted of two parts, each part included 3 groups, namely dry eye without AE group, dry eye with AE group and pre-clinical dry eye with AE group. In part 1, we studied the variations of Schirmer I test and six tear compositions before and after AE (34 eyes in each group). In part 2, we studied the variations of tear meniscus height, first and average non-invasive tear breakup time (F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT), lipid layer thickness, number of incomplete and complete blinks, partial blink rate (PBR) and visual acuity before and after AE (30 eyes in each group). Results In dry eye with AE group, Schirmer I test at 0 min after AE increased significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001), the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine after AE decreased significantly compared to baseline (P = 0.035, P = 0.045), F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT after AE prolonged significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.036; P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.044), number of incomplete blinks and PBR at 10 min after AE decreased significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) while number of complete blinks increased significantly (P < 0.001). Besides, significant differences were also found between dry eye with AE group and dry eye without AE group at all above corresponding time point (P < 0.05). Conclusion AE promotes tear secretion and improves tear film stability in dry eye patients. AE may be a potential treatment for dry eye. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000038673. Registered 27 September 2020,

Effect of ocular demodicosis on the stability of the tear film and the tear break up time

The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between the presence of Demodex mites in the hair follicles of patients' eyelashes and the stability and break up time of the tear film assessed with the Non-Invasive Tear Break Up Times (NIBUT) method. 319 patients were included in the study (195 women, 124 men). The patients were divided into two groups: those with Demodex infestation and without visible symptoms of eyelid or eye surface diseases, and asymptomatic non-infested patients. The NIBUT analysis was performed with a 5 M keratograph (oculus). Non-invasive tests were performed to identify the first and mean values of the tear break up time. The first and mean tear break up time in the Demodex-infested group was lower than in the non-infested subjects. The difference was a highly statistically significant. There was a significant correlation with the age of the patients for the first break up time. The first break up time in both eyes decreased with the age of the Demodex-infested and non-infested patients. The NIBUT analyses indicate the impact of Demodex mites on the tear film stability. This may suggest possible association of demodicosis with dry eye syndrome.

Tear Film Stability After Primary Pterygium Excision Combined with Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation is Superior to Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose To evaluate the tear film stability after primary pterygium excision combined with Limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) or amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases for all studies on tear film stability after primary pterygium excision combined with LSCT or AMT. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for outcomes using the fixed effect or random effect model.Results Seven studies with a total of 531 eyes were enrolled in our meta-analysis, which revealed that comparison between the LSCT group and the AMT group: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) 3 months postoperatively (MD=-5.16, 95%CI:-6.48,-3.85, P＜0.05), Tear break-up time (BUT) 1 or 3 months postoperatively (1 month: MD=0.30, 95%CI:-0.66,1.26, P=0.54; 3 months: MD=1.30, 95%CI:-0.13,2.72, P=0.07), Schirmer I test 1 or 3 months postoperatively (1 month: MD=0.05, 95%CI:-0.41,0.51, P=0.82; 3 months: MD=1.41, 95%CI:0.81,2.02, P＜0.05), Corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score 1 month postoperatively (MD=-0.49, 95%CI:-1.29,0.31, P=0.23).Conclusion Primary pterygium excision combined with LSCT is associated with better tear film stability changes than AMT.

Choosing the optimal method for preoperative risk assessment of dry eye syndrome development in patients with myopia

Aim. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of keratotopography methods and classical Norn’s test in assessing the stability of the tear film (TF) in patients with myopia before photorefractive surgery. Methods. The study involved 26 patients. All of them were planned for keratorefractive surgery to correct myopic refraction and astigmatism. Their age averaged 32.5±14.5 years (18-47 years). The stability of pre-corneal tear film was assessed using computed keratotopography and Norn’s test - the tear film rupture time (TFRT) was determined. A standard questionnaire was also used to assess the severity of symptoms of dry eye syndrome (DES). A comparison was made of the indicators of tear film, stability obtained by the methods of keratotopography and Norn’s test, with their subsequent comparison with the data of the questionnaire. Results. In 17 patients (65.4 %), TFRT index corresponded to the age norm. In the remaining 9 people (34.6 %), indicators of tear film stability were reduced both by keratotopography (12±4 sec) and by Norn’s test (13.5± 4.5 sec), and there were also subjective signs of dry eye syndrome according to questionnaire data. The data turned out to be comparable. Conclusion. The incidence of impaired stability of the TF and subjective manifestations of DES among patients planned for keratorefractive surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism was significant and, according to our data, made 34.6 %. To prevent complicated postoperative course of photorefractive surgery, it is necessary to assess the condition of the ocular surface immediately before refractive surgery, to identify the risk group for DES development. Key words: dry eye syndrome; tear film; keratotopography; Norn’s test; tear film rupture time.

A STUDY ON TEAR FILM PRODUCTION AND DRAINAGE IN WOMEN WITH DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING

AIM – To assess the tear film stability and the tear drainage in dysfunctional uterine bleeding women. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A randomised study of 50 women of fertile age and with irregular menstrual cycles for a period of 1 year were enrolled in this study. Tear production was evaluated with Schirmer I and II test, tear stability with tear breakup time, tear film meniscus, ocular surface stained with lissamine green and Meibomian gland count assessed. Tear drainage was assessed using Jones dye test. The data values of Schirmer's test 1 and 2 , TBUT and Jo RESULTS : nes dye test were found to be normal in all the patients. As the patients were tested randomly in different phases of their disrupted cycles, the differences in their tear film stability and production could not be commented. The fin CONCLUSION: dings of our study show that Meibomian glands exhibit a cyclic change in normal menstrual cycle whereas in irregular menstrual cycles, no changes were found in tear film production and drainage as women were in their different phases of irregular menstrual cycle

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Tear Secretion and Tear Film Stability in Dry Eye Patients

Background: To study the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients.Methods: Firstly we observed Schirmer Ⅰ test and 6 tear compositions detected by ELISA in 34 eyes of dry eye patients and 34 eyes of normal subjects before and after AE. Then we observed 30 eyes of dry eye patients and 30 eyes of normal subjects before and after AE, the evaluated variables included tear meniscus height (TMH), first and average non-invasive tear breakup time (F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), number of incomplete and complete blinks, partial blink rate (PBR) and visual acuity.Results: In dry eye group, compared with baseline, Schirmer Ⅰ test at 0 minutes after AE increased significantly (P < 0.001), F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT at every time point after AE prolonged significantly (P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.036; P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.044), number of incomplete blinks and PBR at 10 minutes after AE decreased significantly (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) while number of complete blinks increased significantly (P < 0.001), visual acuity at 10 and 20 minutes after AE improved significantly (P = 0.017, P = 0.021). The overall oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine at 0 minutes after AE decreased significantly compared with baseline (P = 0.040).Conclusion: AE promotes tear secretion and improves tear film stability in dry eye patients. AE may be a potential treatment for dry eye.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000038673. Registered 27 September 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57282