Desire for Success Awakens: Proof of Competence Restoration in a Non-competitive Environment

Pioneering studies reported that individuals who worked on a highly difficult task and experienced competence frustration beforehand would activate a restorative process and show enhanced autonomous motivation in a subsequent irrelevant activity. In this follow-up study, we explored the effect of prior competition outcome on one’s autonomous motivation in a subsequent non-competitive environment. According to our experimental manipulation, participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (a winning group and a losing group) and a control group. The experiment lasted for three sessions. Participants in the control group completed a single-player stop-watch (SW) task all along, while those in both treatment groups worked on a competitive SW task and competed for monetary rewards during Session 2 only. Electrophysiological data in Session 1 serve as the baseline and measure one’s trait-level autonomous motivation towards the SW game. For participants in the losing group, more pronounced difference wave of feedback-related negativity was observed in Session 3 compared with Session 1, suggesting enhanced autonomous motivation in Session 3. Such a pattern was observed in neither the winning group nor the control group. These results suggested that failure in a prior competition would activate one’s competence restoration in a subsequent non-competitive environment. Task difficulty and social competition are varied sources of competence frustration. Thus, our findings advanced understanding of the competence restorative process and helped clarify the dynamics between competition and human motivation.

Exercise Modulation of Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate and Pulse Rate in Undergraduate Students

Background: Physical Activity improves the functional capacity of the circulatory system with minimum myocardium stress. Objectives: This study was designed to assess exercise modulation and sex difference of blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) of selected undergraduate students. Design: This study involved 360 students selected using convenience sampling method, aged between 18 and 35 years. Lecturers and postgraduate students were exempted from the study. BP was measured using Sphygmomanometer before exercise and 30 minutes interval during exercise for two hours. Bicycle Ergometer was used as the exercise apparatus. Stop watch was used to measure PR and RR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total, 360 subjects, 180 males and 180 females, were included in the study. The mean SBP at baseline was 111.59 mmHg±0.35. It reduced to 96.99 mmHg±0.36 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean DBP at baseline was 69.78mmHg±0.32. It reduced to 56.01mmHg±0.30 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean Respiratory Rate (RR) at baseline was 15.91 cycles/ minute±0.11. It increased to 28.82 cycles/minute±0.21 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean Rate Pulse Pressure (RPP) at baseline was 8322.35 mmHg. cycles/ minute±0.05 It increased to 12033.55mmHg.cycles/minute±0.21 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). Moreover, the male-female relationships showed that the SBP, DBP, RR and RPP were significantly lower in female than male subjects (p=0.000). Conclusions: Exercise reduces SBP and DBP. This reduction is greater among females.

Exercise Modulation of Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate and Pulse Rate in Undergraduate Students

Background: Physical Activity improves the functional capacity of the circulatory system with minimum myocardium stress. Objectives: This study was designed to assess exercise modulation and sex difference of blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) of selected undergraduate students. Design: This study involved 360 students selected using convenience sampling method, aged between 18 and 35 years. Lecturers and postgraduate students were exempted from the study. BP was measured using Sphygmomanometer before exercise and 30 minutes interval during exercise for two hours. Bicycle Ergometer was used as the exercise apparatus. Stop watch was used to measure PR and RR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total, 360 subjects, 180 males and 180 females, were included in the study. The mean SBP at baseline was 111.59 mmHg±0.35. It reduced to 96.99 mmHg±0.36 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean DBP at baseline was 69.78mmHg±0.32. It reduced to 56.01mmHg±0.30 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean Respiratory Rate (RR) at baseline was 15.91 cycles/ minute±0.11. It increased to 28.82 cycles/minute±0.21 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). The mean Rate Pulse Pressure (RPP) at baseline was 8322.35 mmHg. cycles/ minute±0.05 It increased to 12033.55mmHg.cycles/minute±0.21 after 120 minutes of exercise (p=0.000). Moreover, the male-female relationships showed that the SBP, DBP, RR and RPP were significantly lower in female than male subjects (p=0.000). Conclusions: Exercise reduces SBP and DBP. This reduction is greater among females.

To Reveal or Not to Reveal? Observation of Social Outcomes Facilitates Reward Processing

Motivation is a key topic that comprises considerable theoretical and practical implications, and its study is gaining increasing traction in recent years. Employing both behavioral and neural techniques, previous studies examined the extent to which intrinsic and extrinsic motivations collectively shape individual decision making. Investigations found that both processes play indispensable and interactive roles in choice behavior. However, despite its importance, little is known respecting the role of extrinsic social factors in contributing to individual variations in intrinsic motivation. Toward elucidating the role of extrinsic social factors in motivated decision making, the current study implements the stop watch task, combined with hyper-recording electrophysiological measurements. With the electrophysiological toolkit, our goal is to bring to light how extrinsic social signals impact intrinsic motivation and shape the reward processing over success and failure at the succeeding stage. Empirically, we show that, following social outcome presentation, there is an increased divergent feedback-related negativity (FRN), which reflects the failure/success discrepancy at the outcome stage of choice behavior. In summary, this study demonstrates the saliency of social information in intrinsic motivational processes that underpin success-failure outcomes.

Langevin's influence on relativity theories

A century ago, Paul Langevin [C. R. 173, 831 (1921)], through his influence, convinced the scientific community that Einstein's theories of relativity were correct and could explain the Sagnac effect. A simple note in Comptes Rendus was all it took to silence many prominent skeptical scientists. The relativity skeptics had pointed to Sagnac's experiment [C. R. 157, 1410 (1913)] with the interference of counter rotating light beams as proof that the speed of light was not the same in both directions, contrary to the key postulate in Einstein's theory. Langevin showed that the result was also explained by relativity. The rest is history, and relativity has remained a center piece of theoretical physics ever since. Langevin had been captivated by solar eclipse observations of a shifted star pattern near the sun as reported by Eddington [Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation (Fleetway Press, Ltd., London, 1920)]. This was taken as proof positive for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The case of a light beam split into two beams, which propagate in opposite directions around a circuit, has an analog in a simple thought experiment—a speed test for runners. Two runners can be timed on a running track with the runners going around the track in opposite directions. Two stop watches will display the time for each runner's return to the starting position. The arithmetic difference in time shown on each stop watch will provide the differences in speed between the two runners. If the two speeds are the same, the time difference will be zero. It would not make any sense for one of the stop watches to measure a negative time, that is, time moving into the past. In fact, the idea is absurd! However, Langevin did just that, assigned the time for light to travel in one direction as positive while the time for the light to traverse in the opposite direction as negative, moving into the past! By so doing, Langevin reproduced Sagnac's expression and declared that relativity explains Sagnac's experiment. Langevin was wrong!

Cardiorespiratory Endurance on College Student Smokers Using Harvard Step Test

Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify the score of Harvard Step Test as indicator of cardiorespiratory endurance on college student smokers. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. There were 40 samples who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling. The instruments of this study were questionnaire, metronome, stop watch, and 19 inches bench. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that 47,5% of subjects had poor level, 42,5% had average level, and 10% had good level of Harvard step test. On average, 65% of subjects were light smokers, 87,5% were filtered cigarette smokers, and 65% had been smoking for 2-5 years. Conclusion: It can be concluded nearly half of college student smokers had poor Harvard step test score as indicator of cardiorespiratory endurance.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAN POWER, PRODUCTIVITY, AND OUTPUT IN THE SHORT AND LONG CONVEYOR CONVEYOR USING MICRO MOTION (CASE STUDY: PT.EDS MANUFACTURING INDONESIA)

The thesis is compiled to analyze the ratio of man power, productivity and output between short and long conveyor conveyor. In addition to analyzing the conveyor which is better to be applied in PT. EDS Manufacturing Indonesia by using micro motions. The analysis used by researchers working maps, motion studies and calculation of standard time obtained from the data retrieval researchers with methods of micro motion (use a stop watch).The sample in this study is that there are in the final process assy namely setting. From the results, it can be calculated that for man power has the addition of 58% from 7 to 12, to the output increase from be 51.17 units and poduktivitas takttime increased 9% from 4 units to 4.41 units and 20% productivity standard time of 3.35 units to 4.2 units.

Simulation Based Approach for Improving Outpatient Clinic Operations

The aim of this study is to suggest the optimum number and schedule of doctors at the OPD (Out-Patient Department) of Gastrology of a hospital in Pakistan. In order to achieve this aim, the discrete event simulation model is developed to minimize waiting time of patients. Data is collected for one week from the OPD; Data collection variables are arrival and service rate of patients, their salaries/income, patient‘s OPD fee, doctor’s charges/patient, service time of patients at each of service channel i.e. reception, triage and doctors’ cabin. Stop watch is used for recording the service time of patients. Input analyzer is used to reveal the distribution of the data. Rockwell arena software version 14.5 is used to model and simulate the queuing system of the outpatient department. Scenario analysis is conducted in four scenarios; in each of the scenario doctors were assumed to be seated for one additional hour. During the period of data collection, it is observed that most of the patients are coming with an appointment of doctors therefore, it is not justified to suggest the hiring of new doctor; especially when patients are coming for the particular doctor; therefore, already available doctors are suggested to be seated longer in the OPD; that is the way to serve the maximum number of patients in the virtual queue of patients that has been kept waiting for having an appointment and for their turn to see the doctor.

Comparison of outcome of Sutureless Thyroidectomy by Ligasure small jaw verses conventional technique.

Background: Thyroid is a highly vascular gland and hemostasis is a key limiting factor in morbidity and mortality in thyroid surgery. Hemostasis has always been a challenge and various techniques have been used. Vessel sealers like Ligasure are now gaining popularity. Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare thyroidectomy by Ligasure with conventional technique in terms of mean operative time and post-operative blood loss. Study Design: It is a Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Surgical Department of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: Six months (March 2017 to August 2017). Material & Methods: After approval of study from ethical review committee and informed consent, the patients were subjected to complete history and clinical examination in addition to baseline investigations. Total 135 patients of multinodular goiter (MNG) and euthyroid were divided in two groups by simple random sampling. All surgeries were performed under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation and procedure offered to each patient was subtotal thyroidectomy. Both techniques were compared by measuring the time from opening of pretracheal fascia till its closure in minutes by stop watch and mean was calculated. Post operative blood loss was measured in graduated drain placed in thyroid bed for 24 hours. Results: Mean operative time was recorded as 62.11+4.07 minutes in Ligasure technique group and 73.05+4.01 minutes in conventional technique group. Mean blood loss was recorded as 57.28+3.42 ml in Ligasure technique group and 70.85+4.12 ml in conventional technique group. Conclusion: We concluded that mean operative time and post operative blood loss is significantly lower in cases undergoing thyroidectomy with Ligasure as compared to conventional technique.

OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGANALISIS PEKERJAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOST (Studi Kasus PT. X di Palembang)

A job is completed efficiently would say when lasted the shortest completion time. Measuring success of a production system in the industry are usually expressed in terms of productivity or the size of the input and output generated. Measurement standard at this time are made directly by the method stopwatch and indirectly with MOST methods (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique). Results of measurements using a standard time stop watch is 179,62 Second, with MOST measurements before the analysis is 123,73, most after the analisis is 75,25 second. Raw output using the old work is 200 Unit newspaper first hour , and use the most is the raw output of 478 Unit newspaper first hour. Seeing the results of the study suggested that the company may consider to perform the application of research results have been obtained