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Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Patryk Chaber ◽  
Paweł D. Domański ◽  
Daniel Dąbrowski ◽  
Maciej Ławryńczuk ◽  
Robert Nebeluk ◽  
...  

The digital twins technology delivers a new degree of freedom into system implementation and maintenance practice. Using this approach, a technological system can be efficiently modeled and simulated. Furthermore, such a twin offline system can be efficiently used to investigate real system issues and improvement opportunities, e.g., improvement of the existing control system or development of a new one. This work describes the development of a control system using the digital twins methodology for a gas system delivering a specific mixture of gases to the time-of-flight (ToF) multipurpose detector (MPD) used during high-energy physics experiments in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). The gas system digital twin was built using a test stand and further extended into target full-scale installation planned to be built in the near future. Therefore, conducted simulations are used to validate the existing system and to allow validation of the planned new system. Moreover, the gas system digital twin enables testing of new control opportunities, improving the operation of the target gas system.


Author(s):  
Bożena Kukfisz ◽  
Aneta Kuczyńska ◽  
Robert Piec ◽  
Barbara Szykuła-Piec

Many countries lack clear legal requirements on the distance between buildings and petrol station facilities. The regulations in force directly determine the petrol station facilities’ required distance to buildings, and such distances are considered relevant for newly designed and reconstructed buildings. Public buildings must be located no closer than 60 m to the above-ground liquefied gas tanks and liquid gas dispensers. Still, based on engineering calculations and the applied technical measures, it is possible to determine a safe distance for buildings that are constructed, extended and reconstructed, to which superstructures are added or whose utilisation method changes. The paper presents the results of calculations devoted to determining a safe distance between public buildings and LPG filling station facilities, using selected analytical models. The analyses were carried out for the LPG gas system commonly used in petrol stations, consisting of two gas storage tanks of 4.85 m3 capacity each, and a dispenser. It is legitimate to eliminate the obligation to observe the 60 m distance between LPG filling stations and public buildings and the mandatory distance of 60 m between liquefied gas dispensers and public buildings is not justified in light of the implemented requirements to use various protections at self-service liquefied gas filling stands.


2022 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 101920
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Cui ◽  
Changyao Shan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Xiao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xueli Pan ◽  
Xu Zhu ◽  
Xiangpeng Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Michał Jurczyk ◽  
Daniel Węcel ◽  
Wojciech Uchman ◽  
Anna Skorek-Osikowska

This article presents a power to SNG (synthetic natural gas) system that converts hydrogen into SNG via a methanation process. In our analysis, detailed models for all the elements of the system are built. We assume a direct connection between a wind farm and a hydrogen generator. For the purposes of our calculations, we also assume that the hydrogen generator is powered by the renewable source over a nine-hour period per day (between 21:00 and 06:00), and this corresponds to the off-peak period in energy demand. In addition, a hydrogen tank was introduced to maximize the operating time of the methanation reactor. The cooperation between the main components of the system were simulated using Matlab software. The primary aim of this paper is to assess the influence of various parameters on the operation of the proposed system, and to optimize its yearly operation via a consideration of the most important constraints. The analyses also examine different nominal power values of renewables from 8 to 12 MW and hydrogen generators from 3 to 6 MW. Implementing the proposed configuration, taking into account the direct connection of the hydrogen generator and the methanation reactor, showed that it had a positive effect on the dynamics and the operating times of the individual subsystems within the tested configuration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 117598
Author(s):  
Isam Saedi ◽  
Sleiman Mhanna ◽  
Pierluigi Mancarella

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván de la Cruz Vargas-Cordero ◽  
Lucia Villar-Muñoz ◽  
Umberta Tinivella ◽  
Michela Giustiniani ◽  
Nathan Bangs ◽  
...  

AbstractThe Central-South Chile margin is an excellent site to address the changes in the gas hydrate system since the last deglaciation associated with tectonic uplift and great earthquakes. However, the dynamic of the gas hydrate/free gas system along south central Chile is currently not well understood. From geophysical data and modeling analyses, we evaluate gas hydrate/free gas concentrations along a seismic line, derive geothermal gradients, and model past positions of the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR; until 13,000 years BP). The results reveal high hydrate/free gas concentrations and local geothermal gradient anomalies related to fluid migration through faults linked to seafloor mud volcanoes. The BSR-derived geothermal gradient, the base of free gas layers, BSR distribution and models of the paleo-BSR form a basis to evaluate the origin of the gas. If paleo-BSR coincides with the base of the free gas, the gas presence can be related to the gas hydrate dissociation due to climate change and geological evolution. Only if the base of free gas reflector is deeper than the paleo-BSR, a deeper gas supply can be invoked.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
E V Laskovets

Abstract The stationary flow in the “liquid-liquid-gas” system in a horizontal channel with solid impermeable upper and lower walls is investigated. Mathematical modeling in each of the layers of the system is based on exact solutions of a special type of Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The processes of vapor evaporation or condensation at the liquid-gas interface are modeled using the boundary conditions of the problem. In the upper layer the thermal diffusion effect and the effect of diffusional thermal conductivity are taken into account. Examples of three-layer flows for the “silicone oil - water - air” system are given. The influence of the thermal regime at the boundaries of the system and the thickness of the upper layer on the longitudinal velocity and temperature distribution is considered.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Sweeney ◽  
Spencer Jordan ◽  
Chris Belk
Keyword(s):  

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