Treatment of C.I Reactive Blue 160 by ozonation system

This study was carried out to assess the treatment ability of color, dye, and COD in the dyeing wastewater containing C.I Reactive Blue 160 by ozonation system. Both batch and continuous operating modes with concurrent and counter-current flows were investigated. The effects of the ozone gas flow rate, pH, temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and initial dye concentration were evaluated. The decolorization, dye removal efficiencies, and mineralization ability of COD by ozonation were determined. The results indicated that ozonation had high efficiency in the treatment of dyeing wastewater containing C.I Reactive Blue 160. The treatment performance was affected by the ozone gas flow rate, pH, temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and initial dye concentration. The removal efficiency of color, dye, and COD were 98.04%, 99.84%, and 87.31% for the treatment of 200 mg/L initial dye concentration in batch mode with 30 min ozonation time, respectively. In the continuous operation and counter-current flow, the color, dye, and COD removal efficiencies reached 97.24%, 99.76%, and 86.38% after 30 min HRT, respectively, and higher than concurrent flow. The reaction of ozone and C. I Reactive Blue 160 was the first-order reaction in both batch and continuous operation. The complete mineralization required 90 min ozonation time.

The Chlorine Reduction in Edamame by Water-Ozonated Minimally Process

The objective of this article was to study the effect of washing edamame using ozonated water to reduce residual chlorine contained in edamame through a continuous washing process. Chlorine residue in edamame was caused by the use of fertilizers and pesticides that contain chlorine compounds. The research method used was descriptive explanatory research consist of two treatment levels of ozonation time (0, 10, and 15 minutes) and ozone contact time (0, 12, 18, and 24 minutes) which were repeated twice. The residual chlorine and pesticide concentrations were calculated using the titration method. Based on research results, ozone can reduce chlorine in edamame. The lowest detected chlorine was in edamame which had been washed using ozone water with an ozonation time of 15 minutes with the amount of chlorine reduced by 56%. The longer the contact time, the greater the amount of reduced chlorine and the lower the concentration of ozone remaining in the washing water. Based on the research results, a brief conclusion that can be explained was ozone could reduce chlorine in edamame caused by fertilizer and disinfectant overuse until 50%.

RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONATION OF CHICKEN EGGS

The production of chicken eggs in the world, without slowing down, has passed for 1 trillion pieces. In conditions of saturation and oversaturation of many local markets, food eggs are transported to other remote regions or stored in warehouses, store shelves, losing their freshness and nutritional quality. The ozone can be used to disinfect the surface of chicken eggs, which suppresses microorganisms. Based on the disinfection and disinsection properties of ozone, it is proposed to treat chicken eggs with ozonated air after sorting them by opto-electronic method. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a method for surface disinfection and optoelectronic sorting of food and refrigerator chicken eggs, studying the effectiveness of the performed operations in comparison with traditional methods. (Materials and methods) Authors studied the efficiency of the optoelectronic system for sorting and electrozoning chicken eggs on the basis of a laboratory installation in the Kuban State Agrarian University. The reliability of the results is confirmed by a multiply repetition of research and reproducibility of the data, the use of generally accepted methods, instruments, and mathematical processing of experimental data. (Results and discussion) The article presents an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of electrozoning of chicken eggs in comparison with traditional methods. The article describes rational parameters and modes of operation of the optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. (Conclusions) The article presents an analytical description of the ratio of the main parameters of an optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. The article presents a basic electrical diagram for studying the parameters and operating modes of the installation. The greatest efficiency of electrosonation of chicken eggs is achieved when the ozone concentration is of 1000 milligrams per cubic meter and the ozonation time is 30 minutes; up to 99 percent of harmful microorganisms and viruses on the shell are eliminated.

Effect of Natural Organic Matter on the Ozonation Mechanism of Trimethoprim in Water

Trimethoprim (TMP) is often used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. It can be detected in water, and it is difficult to be biodegraded. In this study, the degradation mechanism of TMP through ozonation and the effect of humic acids (HA) were investigated. Excessive ozone (pH 6, 0 °C) could reduce the content of TMP to less than 1% in 30 s. However, when ozone (O3) was not excessive (pH 6, 20 °C), the removal efficiency of TMP increased with the increase of O3 concentration. Four possible degradation pathways of TMP in the process of ozonation were speculated: hydroxylation, demethylation, carbonylation, and cleavage. The presence of HA in water inhibit the generation of ozonation products of TMP. The excitation-emission matrices (EEM) analysis showed that with the extension of ozonation time, the fluorescence value in the solution decreased and the fluorescence peak blue shifted. These results indicated that the structure of HA changed in the reaction and was competitively degraded with TMP. According to the free radical quenching test, the products of pyrolysis, direct hydroxylation and demethylation were mainly produced by indirect oxidation.

Pembangkit Tegangan Tinggi Frekuensi Tinggi Kumparan Tesla untuk Generator Ozon

Ozone is a compound that has many benefits and roles in the development of science and technology. Ozone can be used for sterilization, removing color, deodorizing, and breaking down organic compounds. Ozone can be generated by several methods, including plasma discharge and plasma dielectric barrier discharge (DBDP). In the plasma discharge method high voltage electricity is required to break down oxygen molecules into oxygen ions which will form ozone. High voltage can be generated by using a DC Tesla coil. The advantages of DC Tesla coil compared to other high voltage generators are that it can generate high voltages with a simple system, only requires a small space, and does not cost a lot of money. Based on experiments carried out the deposition of ozone which is generated by several factors, including ozonation time, oxygen flow rate, and high voltage.

Highly Selective pH-Dependent Ozonation of Cyclohexane over Mn/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts at Ambient Reaction Conditions

The selective oxidation of cyclohexane to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) is one of the imperative reactions in industrial processes. In this study, the catalytic performance of manganese-supported gamma alumina (Mn/γ-Al2O3) catalysts is investigated in the selective oxidation of cyclohexane at ambient conditions using ozone. The catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation method, and their physio-chemical properties were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET). The reaction conditions were optimised considering various parameters such as reaction time, pH, and various percentages of the manganese supported in gamma alumina. The oxidation of cyclohexane was conducted in an impinger reactor unit at pH 3, 7, and 11 for 1 h of ozonation time. The aliquots were collected after 30 min and 1 h of ozonation time and analysed with GC-MS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The 2.5% Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a significantly enhanced catalytic performance at pH 3 and 7 with a percentage conversion of 9% and 15% at pH 3 and 7, respectively, after 30 min of ozonation time. However, after 1 h of ozonation time, the percentage conversions were increased to 23% and 29% at pH 3 and 7, respectively. At pH 11, 5% Mn/γ-Al2O3 exhibit high catalytic performance with a percentage conversion of 19% and 31% after 30 minutes and 1 h of ozonation time, respectively. The percentage selectivity obtained is 100% toward KA oil and/or cyclohexanone depending on pH and reaction time.

"Green" Bleaching Process of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Flour by Using Sodium Salt and Ozone Technology

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is one of important commodities in Indonesia. One method that has been used to whiten sugar palm flour is by bleaching process using chlorine (Ca(ClO)2). Unfortunately, the use of chlorine as a whitening agent is considered harmful to health and the environment. One of alternative methods that can be considered as “Green” bleaching process for sugar palm whitening is ozone technology. The effects of ozonation process and different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 added in the ozonation process to the whiteness (i.e. L* and b* scale) and protein content of sugar palm flour were investigated. Suspension of sugar palm flour-water was contacted with ozone gas at rate of 325 mg/hour. The duration of ozonation process was varied for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The initial concentration or ratio of sugar palm and water was also varied, i.e. 1:2 (wt/wt); 1:3 (wt/wt); and 1:4 (wt/wt). To determine the effect of adding sodium salt; NaCl and Na2SO4 were added at different concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/L each. The test results showed that pH of the flour and b* value decreased, while L* value of sugar palm flour increased with the increasing ozonation time. The results also showed that the most significant increase of L* value was at the sample ratio (sugar palm:water) of 1:3 (wt/wt) and 30 minutes of ozonation time. The optimal NaCl addition concentration was 10 g/L with 150 minutes of ozonation time. Whereas, the optimal Na2SO4 addition concentration was 15 g/L with 150 minutes of ozonation time. The addition of Na2SO4 resulted in an increase of L* value greater than the NaCl. The protein content of sugar palm flour also decreased along with the increase of flour whiteness. A maximum decrease in protein content of 57% occurred in flour samples with initial concentration or ratio of 1:3 (wt/wt) and ozonation time of 30 minutes.