Biofertilizers in the control of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean crop

Nematodes are of great importance in soybean cultivation, especially the Pratylenchus brachyurus known as root lesion nematode. Its attack on plant roots causes less efficiency in the absorption of water and nutrients, in addition to damaging the plant's development. There is still no fully efficient method to control this phytopathogen, however, some products are available on the market, including biological control. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate commercial biological products in the efficiency of reducing the nematode population in soybean crop in Goiás, Brazil. The design was completely randomized in a 2x4 factorial scheme, the first factor being two soybean genotypes (Brasmax Bônus and Nidera NS 8383) and the second factor the treatments consisting of different dosages in an association of three commercial products: No-Estio®, Bio-fertility® and Radic®. The treatments used were: T1 control - without application of the products; T2 half the recommended dose; T3 the recommended dose and T4 a dose and a half that recommended by the manufacturer. Plant evaluation was carried out after 75 days of nematode inoculation. The results obtained showed that both cultivars hosted P. brachyurus, however, the treatments using the products had a lower population density of this nematode. It was concluded that the two soybean cultivars are hosts of Pratylenchus brachyurus. The agronomic character plant height was more affected when there was no application by the biological method. The association of No-Estio®, Bio-fertility® and Radic® products reduced the population density of nematodes in infected plants.

Analysis the agronomic character and inheritance of fragrant genes in F2 progenies of Sigupai and Yinzhan

Sigupai is one of Aceh’s local rice that highly popular because of the distinctive scent. Sigupai is still widely grown by the farmers in the southern western region of Aceh. However, this local rice has inferior production, height plant architecture, deep age and the average of production about 4 tons ha-1. The improvement of Sigupai local rice from the agronomic character and the harvest age can be done through crosses with Yinzhan varieties that carry sd-1 genes. The study aims to analyze changes in agronomic character and fragrant gene inheritance in Sigupai/Yinzhan F2 derived. Analysis of agronomic character is carried out by observing harvest age, plant height, weight of 1000 grains, grain weight per clump and yield potential per hectare. The planting material used was F2 derivative of Sigupai/Yinzhan as many as 104 individuals planted in pots. PCR analysis was conducted to analyze the presence of fragrant genes in F2 progenies of Sg/Yz. The data was analyzed with Chi-Square analysis. The results showed 104 plant genotypes analyzed by PCR, 64.42% of F2 progenies Sigupai/Yinzhan inherited the fragrant gene. The results of analysis of agronomic character showed 62 genotypes there were 95.08% of ripening aged, 59.01% had a short stem architecture and 6 genotypes (9.83%) had a potential yield of 4,04,-5,33 tons ha-1.

Evaluation of anthocyanin corn under various agro-environment in Indonesia

In the last decade, purple corn gain more attention mainly due to its high nutritional value and attractive color appearance. Purple corn contain anthocyanin 350% higher than normal corn. Based on its excellence, the research was conducted to find out of high yield purple opv corn with good resistance to downy mildew. The experiment was conducted by using randomized block design with three replication. The variable observed including agronomic character like vegetative, generative and scored disease of downy meldows. The result showed that two opve candidate were PMU(S1).Synth.F.C1 and PMU(S1).Synth.D.C1 have the highest yield6,80-6,85 t/ha, higher 50% than PLU. C0 (check). PMU(S1).Synth.F.C1 showed moderate resistence to downy meldows (20%-35%) and PMU(S1).Synth.D.C1 susceptible (>60%).

Heritability of quantitative characters of local black rice (Oryza sativa L.) results of generation F3

Local Black rice is a food crop variety that has a low productivity level and a longer planting time than other colored rice. In addition, black rice contains anthocyanins, which are antioxidant molecules that can counteract free radicals in the human body. Anthocyanin levels can be increased by producing full black potential lines. Effective and efficient selection with heritability analysis. This study aims to determine the heritability of the agronomic character of black rice from the F3 generation line. The study was conducted in the Manipi Sinjai rice field in February – August 2020. The experiment used was a completely randomized design, there were 17 lines with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance, and if there was a significant effect of treatment, further tests were carried out with the BNT 0.05 test. In addition, the heritability of the observed characters was determined. The results showed that the character of plant height in the flowering phase, days to 50% flowering, and the percentage of grain with full black endosperm had heritability values with high criteria.

KARAKTER TINGGI TANAMAN, UMUR PANEN, JUMLAH ANAKAN DAN BOBOT PANEN PADA 14 GENOTIPE PADI LOKAL

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter agronomi seperti tinggi tanaman, umur panen, jumlah anakan dan bobot panen 14 genotipe padi lokal (Oryza sativa. L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Petapahan, Kecamatan Gunung Toar, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, pada bulan November 2019 hingga Maret 2020. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 14 perlakuan yang berasal dari genotipe padi lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh genotip yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, umur panen, dan jumlah anakan. Hasil tinggi tanaman terbaik adalah PL04 (148,42 cm), umur panen PL07 (99 Hari Setelah Tanam) dan jumlah anakan PL07 (9,26 batang). Sedangkan rendemen tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Kegunaan penelitian ini sebagai informasi awal untuk mengetahui karakter agronomi padi lokal. Sehingga nantinya dapat dipertimbangkan atau digunakan untuk pengembangan benih padi. ABSTRACTThis research aimed to evaluate agronomical characterssuch as plant height, harvest age, number of tillers and harvest weight of 14 genotypes of local rice (Oryza sativa. L). This research was conducted in Petapahan Village, Gunung Toar District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, from November 2019 to March 2020. The design used was a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 14 treatments in from of local rice genotypes. The result showed a significant effect of genotipy on plant height, harvest age, and number of tillers. The best result of plant height was PL04 (148.42 cm), harvesting age was PL07 (99 Days After Planting) and the number of tillers was PL07 (9.26 stems). Meanwhile the yield showed no significant effect. The use of this research is as initial information to determine the agronomic character of local rice. So that later it can be considered or used for the development of rice seeds.

Agronomic Character of Ratoon Rice: Stem Cutting Sizes and Seprint Liquid Organic Fertilizer

This study aimed to identify the optimum rice stem cutting size combined with the application of Seprint liquid organic fertilizer (SLOF) to promote the growth and yield of ratoon rice. This research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from January to August 2018. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design factorial with four replications. The first factor consisted of the cutting sizes of the rice stem (R1 = 5 cm, R2 = 10 cm, and R3 = 15 cm) and the second factor involved the SLOF dosage (S1 = 5 mL L −1 , S2 = 10 mL L −1 , and S3 = 15 mL L −1 ). The parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the R2 treatment significantly increased the ratoon rice height at 10 to 30 days after cutting (DAC), the number of tillers at 40 to 60 DAC, the number of productive tillers, and the yield per hectare. The S2 and S3 applications at significantly increased the yield per hill and ratoon rice height at 20 DAC. The R2S1 and R2S2 combination treatments significantly increased the number of filled grains per panicle and the ratoon rice height at 10 DAC. Cutting the stems at 10 cm combined with various dosages of SLOF resulted in greater growth and yield of ratoon rice for achieving an adequate food supply.

Rice Lines (Oriza sativa L.) Selection on Some Agronomic Characters

Most of the Indonesian population uses rice as main source of carbohydrates. The need for rice increases every year, but rice production and rice harvest area decreases every year. One way to overcome this problem is using new variety that has high productivity. This research aims to determine the agronomic characters that can be used as character selection and to select the best lines based on the character selection. The research was conducted at the Seed Teaching Farm Field of Seed Technology Study Program, Politeknik Negeri Lampung in August - December 2020. The treatment design was arranged in randomized complete block design with 1 factor (line), 3 blocks, and 3 replications. The treatments tested were 6 lines of rice plants assembled by Politeknik Negeri Lampung, namely B1, B2, B3, B4, K, L2 lines with 2 comparison varieties Ciherang and Gilirang. The characters observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age and harvest age. The data from the observations were processed with SAS software and the analysis of real variance was continued by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with an error rate of 5%. The results of this research indicate that the characters of the total number of tillers and the number of productive tillers can be used as a selection character and the lines that have superior characters are the K and L2 lines.Keywords: Rice Lines, Agronomic Character, Selection

THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTER AND POTENTIAL YIELD OF 17’S GENOTYPE OF MAIZE

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of crops that source of carbohydrate than rice. The maize production needs to production goal. The problems is traditional variety haved low yield. This study aims to determine the agronomic character and potential yield of several hybrids maize.. The research method used was randomized completely block design was repeated 3 times. The treatment factor namely hybrid maize genotype. The data obtained were analyzed in theirs diversities by using variace at 5 % level, if there were significant difference, continued by using the least significant increase at 5% level to compared of variety tester. The results shows that hybrid maize genotypes, G2KPW-43, G2KPW-45, and G2KPW-48 haved superiorities in agronomic character and higher potential yield.Key words: genotypes, potential yield, maize