agricultural chemistry
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

295
(FIVE YEARS 28)

H-INDEX

9
(FIVE YEARS 0)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 311-327
Author(s):  
Maarten Meijer

Abstract Charles Liernur’s Pneumatic Sewage System and the Governing of Soils This article interrogates the epistemological conditions of Charles Liernur’s pneumatic sewage system in order to shed light on the changing relation between soils and Dutch society in the nineteenth century. The first section discusses the relation between hygienism, soil and sewage. The second section unearths how Liernur’s design related to the agricultural chemistry of Justus Liebig. Through the epistemologies and the mediating technologies that are operationalized by hygienists and chemists, soils are made governable. The final section of this article discusses the struggle to commercialise the urban waste collected by Liernur’s system, highlighting the difference between governable and governed soils.


2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032022
Author(s):  
A V Prikhodko ◽  
A V Cherkashyna ◽  
A A Zubochenko ◽  
Y V Svyatyuk ◽  
A A Gongalo ◽  
...  

Abstract The selection of green manure crops for the zones with insufficient and unstable moisture is an urgent issue of agriculture. The purpose of the work is to establish the influence of the species composition of green manure on soil fertility. The research on southern low-humus chernozem was conducted in FSBI “Research institute of agricultural chemistry” in 2016-2019. The climate of the area is continental, semi-arid. The average annual air temperature is 10.8°C, the amount of precipitation is 428 mm. Conducting the experiment, statistical processing of data was performed according to B.A. Dospekhov. Layout of the variants - systematic, repetition is three times. The area of the plots is 720 m2. The subject of the research is agrocenoses of green manure crops. The object of the study is the soil fertility change processes. Agrocenoses of winter rye and triticale, melilot and sainfoin ensured the highest dry matter yield (6-6.3 t/ha). The maximum entry of organic matter into the soil occurred when using agrocenoses of winter rye - 5.88 t/ha and triticale - 5.72 t/ha. Mixture of crops on the entry of organic matter into the soil was inferior to rye and triticale, but outperformed vetch by 17.9%. The greatest amount of nitrogen was contained in the biomass of melilot and Sainfoin - 156 and 142 kg/ha, and in the mixture of winter crops - 108 kg/ha of nitrogen. The mixture combined the positive properties of its constituent crops: high and stable yield of dry and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Due to mineralization of the organic matter of green manure crops, there was an increase in nitrate nitrogen in the arable horizon from 1.0-2.4 to 12.0-22.8 mg/kg of soil.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Kohei Saito

O Marxismo Ocidental assume frequentemente a divisão intelectual do trabalho entre Marx e Engels. Conforme tal perspectiva, este último especializou-se no campo da “natureza”, enquanto o primeiro analisou particularmente a “sociedade” humana. No entanto, este binário natureza-sociedade não se sustenta mais: novos materiais publicados recentemente pelo projeto Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (Mega) mostram que Marx também estudou de modo intenso as ciências naturais, principalmente em seus últimos anos de vida. Porém, houve uma tentativa de Engels em subestimar a importância da pesquisa científica natural de Marx. Estimulado pelas expressivas discussões sobre a ecologia de Marx entre os ecossocialistas, este artigo visa explicitar o escopo teórico da crítica ecológica de Marx ao capitalismo com base no projeto Mega. Em contraste com John Bellamy Foster e Paul Burkett, que não reconhecem nenhuma diferença significativa entre Marx e Engels no que diz respeito à ecologia, argumentamos que através da Mega é possível identificar elementos únicos da ecologia de Marx que são distintas daquelas apresentadas por Engels em aspectos centrais. A crítica ecológica de Engels, desenvolvida principalmente em A ideologia alemã e no Manifesto comunista, durante a década de 1840, permaneceu dentro do esquema do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”, e esta perspectiva foi mantida em Dialética da natureza e no Anti-Dühring na década de 1870. Por outro lado, Marx, depois de ler a sétima edição de Agricultural Chemistry de Justus von Liebig em 1865/66, desenvolveu sua teoria da “ruptura metabólica”, que vai para além da ideia bastante estática do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”. Após 1868, Marx estudou ainda mais entusiasticamente várias disciplinas das ciências naturais, como química, geologia e botânica, a fim de examinar a (in)sustentabilidade do modo de produção capitalista, cujo desejo ilimitado de valorização do capital acentua de forma inevitável graves desequilíbrios em várias esferas do planeta. Particularmente, os cadernos de excertos sobre as obras de Carl Fraas e Joseph Beete Juke documentam que os interesses ecológicos de Marx estiveram sempre expansão até o último momento de sua vida. Marx não foi capaz de integrar seus novos conhecimentos de ciências naturais, mas hoje o projeto Mega finalmente lança mais luz sobre esses aspectos ecológicos desconhecidos da crítica de Marx à economia política.


Author(s):  
A.A. Yaroshenko ◽  
V.V. Parchenko ◽  
O.A. Bihdan ◽  
O.I. Panasenko ◽  
Yu V. Karpenko ◽  
...  

The derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are of the great scientific interest in the fields of pharmaceutics, agricultural chemistry, and construction The production of Trifuzol-Neo has already been launched, and it is now commercially available. Compounds based on 1,2,4-triazole may also be useful in veterinary practice due to their antiviral activity. Trifuzol-Neo, or piperidinium ([5-(2-furanyl)-4-phenyl-4Н-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio)acetate (Figure 1), has already proved to be an effective immunostimulator for poultry.Since that, the quality control of raw materials and the ready product is required during the production stage. Currently, there is only one method for determination of the assay of Trifuzol-Neo, which involves HPLC-DMD (Center of Medical Research Information and Patent and Licensing Practice of Ukraine. The main disadvantages of HPLC-DMD are the use of relatively high amounts of costly solvents (acetonitrile in this case), considerable baseline instability, and time-consuming system stabilization. Gas-chromatography is able to avoid these constrictions since it involves gas as a mobile phase, which is a more cost-effective and reproducible alternative. The newly developed GC/MS method for Trifuzol-Neo assay determination consists of the following steps: weighing 20.0mg of Trifuzol-Neo powder, dillution in 20mL methanol, injection of 0.5uL of the obtained solution to GC column (at least three times). The same operations are done with a Trifuzol-Neo standard.


Author(s):  
M. L. Bubarai U. Bapetel ◽  
A. Musa Mala

At the SHUATS Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Research Farm, an experiment was conducted with the goal of determining the impact of application of macro and micronutrients, on soil health nutrients concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L). The experiment was put up based on this over a two-year period, beginning with the 2017 and 2018 cropping periods. Crbd was used as the experimental technique and it was replicated thrice with the following treatments combinations, NPK @ 50 and 100kgha -1, while for the micronutrients (Boron, Zinc and Copper) three levels of combination were used 0.3, 6 and 9kgha-1. The research project's findings showed all the determinants of soil health like soil reaction organic matter among others are at levels suitable for nutrients actions and plant growth, while plant parameters like maize cob diameter, dry matter, and nutrients concentrations in maize tissues have greatly improved. NPK @100kgha-1, Copper, Zinc, and Boron @ 9kgha-1 were the best treatment combinations with the best results. The above combinations of treatments will be suitable for the soils of that location based on the results of these studies.


Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sahu ◽  
R. K. Thakur ◽  
Bablu Yaduwanshi ◽  
N. G. Mitra

The present study was carried out during kharif season 2019-20 at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (INDIA), to assess the effect of microbial inoculants on plant attributes and nutrients uptake by soybean in Vertisols. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The 15 treatments comprised of different beneficial microbial consortia in possible combinations applied as seed treatments. The crop was supplemented with recommended dose of fertilizers 20 N : 80 P2O5 : 20 K2O kg ha-1. Besides these, two control plots were maintained as fertilized un-inoculated control (FUI) and unfertilized un-inoculated control (UFUI). The findings revealed that the significant improvement were noticed by the application of consortia NPK+EM+PGPR in plant growth attributes of nodulation at 25, 45 & 65 DAS (71, 70 & 59% respectively), over control (9.5, 33.4 & 34.7 nodule plant-1) and its biomass, (62, 69 & 74% respectively),over the control  (0.58, 1.16 & 0.99 g plant-1),  plant height at 25, 45 & 65DAS were increased 61, 40, 41% respectively, over the control (16.20, 34.90 and 44.30 cm) and plant biomass, (48, 62 & 53%), over the control 1.67, 4.73 and 6.1 g plant-1. Similarly, nutrient uptake (seed & stover) were also increased at 25, 45 and 65 stages of crop growth, with 36.6, 34.8 & 51.3% in seed and 66.7, 98.2 & 67.2% in straw respectively over the control (98.5, 63.8, 5.2, and 7.4, 24.9 and 44.4 kg ha-1 respectively). Thus, it may be concluded that the consortium of NPK + EM + PGPR was superior for sustainable crop production and soil health.


Author(s):  
A.S. Tathe ◽  
S.S. Kolape

The pot culture experiment for two consecutive years was conducted at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, MPKV, Rahuri to study the influence of various soil amendments on concentrations of heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in berseem fodder crop. The pots were filled with soil irrigated with sewage water for more than thirty five years. The soil was treated with different amendments viz. FYM, gypsum, fly ash and their combinations. All the pots were supplied with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers by maintaining five plants per pot. The experiment was laid out in CRD with eight treatments and three replications. Initial soil properties were pHe 8.38, ECe 4.1 dSm-1, organic carbon 7.6 g kg-1, calcium carbonate 83.8 g kg-1, heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.35, 2.60, 2.23, 10.34 mg kg-1, respectively. Total four cuttings of berseem in each year were taken and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Two years pooled mean showed that, there was significant effect of different soil amendments on decreasing concentration of cadmium, chromium and lead as compared to control. Pooled mean of both years showed that the combined application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil (T8) registered significantly lower concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in berseem as compared to rest of the treatments, but found at par with treatment (T5) FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil. The reduction in concentrations of these heavy metals were higher in treatments where FYM was applied either alone or in combination with other amendments followed by gypsum and fly ash. Pooled mean values of two years showed significantly higher crude protein content due to application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @10 gkg-1 soil (T8) and at par with treatment T5. Pooled mean of two years showed numerically higher crude fiber due to treatment T8 (application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T5 (application of FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil). Significantly higher Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) was recorded in T2 (application of FYM @10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T3 (application of gypsum @ 10 g kg-1 soil) treatment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Vaňharová ◽  
Markéta Julinová ◽  
Martin Jurča ◽  
Antonín Minařík ◽  
Štěpán Vinter ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Arnaud Page ◽  
Laurent Herment

Abstract The second half of the nineteenth century was marked by the concomitant and entangled processes of the rise of agricultural chemistry and that of the fertiliser trade. Yet, while the two were undoubtedly related, the work of agricultural chemists was not necessarily characterized by the uniform and unequivocal promotion of fertilisers. This article looks at some of the complex ways in which chemists participated in the development of the fertiliser trade by studying how their work was used to ascribe a commercial price to a chemical element. It analyses the contested development of the idea that nitrogen, in particular, could be given a price, and shows how the rise of this quotation lay at the intersection of scientific and commercial considerations. More broadly, it argues that the importance of the new artificial fertilisers primarily lay not so much in yield increases as in inaugurating a new regime marked by a more comprehensive quantitative assessment of inputs and outputs, thereby playing a key role in the industrialisation of agriculture.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document