LIVESTOCK IN KAZAKHSTAN: DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS

The research was carried out in order to highlight the main problems that impede the increase in the competitiveness of Kazakhstani animal husbandry. The indicators of productivity (milk yield, shearing of wool from one sheep, etc.), as well as aggregated data (production volumes, indices of the physical volume of gross production) were used as criteria for assessing the development of the industry. In Kazakhstan, the share of beef pedigree cattle in 2019 accounted for only 11.5% of the total cattle population. The average live weight of cattle was 336 kg, the average slaughter weight was 175 kg, which is 2 times lower than world standards, the average live weight of 1 bird was 2.2 kg. The republic has a weak base for the production of basic feed for the fattening contingent, due to which its supply with such feed is at the level of 57.8% of the scientifically grounded norm. The share of breeding stock of dairy cattle (as of January 1, 2018) is 2.8%, birds of all types - 12.3% of the total livestock, sheep - 14.8%. In modern conditions, in order to increase competitiveness, it is necessary to focus efforts on solving such problems as providing highly productive breeding cattle and poultry; improving the fodder base by expanding the crops of corn, soybeans, alfalfa, chickpea; strengthening of preventive work against especially dangerous animal diseases; adaptation of scientific developments in the field of genetics, selection and fodder production to the current economic conditions in animal husbandry; accelerating the transfer of animal husbandry to new technologies; implementation of international standards for product quality and management

Jerusalem Artichoke as a Fodder Crop for Food Security Solutions

Being a valuable source of inulin, fructose and pectin, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is one of the most promising bioenergy crops for common usage. Animals have been reported to eat both Jerusalem artichoke green mass and tubers with pleasure. On the one hand, Jerusalem artichoke is cultivated on the area of about 3 thousand hectares in Russia. On the other hand, there are more than 200 crop species. So it is critical to choose a proper variety suitable both for soil and climatic conditions. The purpose of the research is to study Jerusalem artichoke, taking into account varietal characteristics appropriate for forage production. Research objects – varieties of Jerusalem artichoke: early ripening Skorospelka (RF); mid-early Vylgortskiy (RF); mid-season Dieticheskiy (RF), Kaluzhskiy (RF), Korenevskiy (RF), Nadezhda (RF), Nakhodka (RF), Podmoskovniy (RF), Sireniki (RB), Blank Brekos (France), Violet de Rense (France); late ripening Interest (RF), Interest 21 (RF), Novosti VIRa (RF), Tadzhikskiy Krasniy (USSR), Spindle (Germany). The soil for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties was from experimental plot base "Korenevo". It is characterized as sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam. The field trial was established and the records and observations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the field experiment methodology (1985), and the Program and methodology for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties in test nurseries (2014). The varieties Vylgortskiy, Dieticheskiy, Nadezhda, Nakhodka, Sireniki, Skorospelka, Blank Brekos and Kaluzhskiy were found to reach due height of 155 - 170 cm at the end of the growing season; the varieties Podmoskovniy, Interest reached proper height of 175 - 208 cm; the varieties Interest 21, Tadzhikskiy and Violet de Rense were about 220 - 235 cm in hight; as for the varieties Korenevskiy, Novost VIRa, Spindlу their hight was 270 - 280 cm. According to aggregate amount of feed units per 1 ha, the following varieties have been shown to be the most reasonable for fodder production: Novost VIRa (22,438 fodder units), Nadezhda (19,928 fodder units), Korenevskiy (17,798 fodder units), Shpindle (16,887 fodder units), Dieticheskiy (16,395 fodder units), and Interest (16,116 fodder units). The highest total coefficient of energy efficiency has been found in the following varieties: Novost VIRa – 3.09, Tadzhikskiy – 2.78; Spindle – 2.68; Korenevskiy – 2.43; Interest – 2.10; Skorospelka – 1.98. The results of experimental and theoretical studies obtained were verified on-the-farm conditions based on a seed-speciality farm LLC Kaluga-Agro (the Kaluga region) and demonstrated beneficial effect.

FEED PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF THE KIROV REGION

The state of the agro-industrial complex of the Kirov region, the factors hindering its development, key problems are analyzed, the main directions of intensification of the industry are proposed on the basis of the implementation of the achievements of modern agricultural science and practice, the use of innovative technologies in fodder production.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FEED PRODUCTION

The functioning, growth and development of the agro-industrial complex economy is largely determined by the state of fodder production. The introduction and effective management of innovations in feed production is the most important factor in reducing high costs in feed production and expanding the feed base.

Exogenous application of gibberellic acid and selenium to endorse quality and yield of fodder maize under rainfed conditions

Good quality and economical availability of fodder could be a substitute for crop production in the farming system of dryland areas. In Pakistan, the increasing demands of fodder crops for animal feed require immediate attention to find viable options for fodder production. Additionally, climate change, land detritions, and imbalanced use of chemicals led to an agro-ecological imbalance which needs to focus on mitigation strategies and practices. Therefore, the experiment was conducted three different rainfed areas of Punjab with aims to increase fodder maize quality by application of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Selenium (Se) to overcome the forage scarcity issue in rainfed areas. The highest fresh biomass and leaf area were recorded by the application of GA75+Se0.75 followed by GA50+Se0.50 at 60 DAS. Similarly, the data about the silage quality traits indicated that more total dry matter (TDM), TDN, Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash contents (AC) were recorded in Afgoi compared to Sohni Dhart 623. Among the experimental locations, the highest TDM, TDN, NDF, ADF and AC were found for the crop planted at NARC followed by URF, Koont and the least values of these traits were recorded for GRS, Attock. Among the different combinations of growth regulators, the highest TDM, TDN, CF, CP and NDF were recorded for GA75+Se0.75 followed by GA50+Se0.50. The above findings conclude that exogenously application of GA75+Se0.75 plays a promising role in the improvement of fodder growth and quality parameters of silage in Afgoi verity at different water stress agro-ecological zones.

Perceived Profitability of Agroforestry in Rural Multan of Pakistan

Agroforestry remained a profitable venture across the globe if managed well spatially and temporarily. Farmlands are viable option to practice agroforestry in Pakistan for sustaining farmers’ livelihoods as well as to provide products and services for ever increasing population. This study focusses on how agroforestry is being perceived as profitable enterprise by the farmers in Multan, Punjab Pakistan. Rural areas of Multan were selected for this study and 200 farmers were selected randomly from 10 villages across 02 union councils using multi-stage sampling procedure. The results revealed that agroforestry remained the prime land use system as reported by the farmers (99%) belonging to agropastoral and agroforestry practice. Moreover, agroforestry perceived as high-income system providing variety of product (increased crop and fodder production, variety of products and income) and services (Carbon sequestration, climate amelioration, soil conservation). The study concluded the need for public-private partnership for the promotion of agroforestry in the region.

Introduction

From June 17 to 20, 2021, July 22-23, 2021 October 1-2, 2021 in Russia, Moscow Oblast, Bol’shie Vyazemy, the All-Russian conference with international participation “Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants” was held. The choice of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region is due to its significant contribution to the food security of the country, as well as the distribution of unique fodder crops and conditions for them. In addition, Moscow Region is home to the country’s leading institutions in the field of fodder production and phytosanitary safety. Conference Objective to unite efforts of domestic and foreign scientists in solving urgent issues of economy and photosanitary safety of fodder plants introduction. Over the past few years, positive trends have been observed in the agricultural economy. First of all it is connected with the import substitution program, as well as with the new Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation adopted by the President. In this regard, scientific institutions should play a special role in the chain of ensuring presidential decrees. List of Organization Committee, Program Committee are available in this pdf.

Results of the study of the modern gene pool of narrow-leaved lupine

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable leguminous fodder crop adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. Modern fodder varieties of narrow-leaved lupine have a low content of alkaloids in the grain of 0.02-0.10%, a high protein content of 32.0-38.0% and a number of other nutrients valuable for fodder production. In the collection nursery 2018-2020 Under the conditions of a changed climate, forage varieties and specimens of two morphological groups were studied: branched with different degrees of blocking of lateral branching and spike-like. The results of the structural analysis of the gene pool for the main elements of productivity and its morphobiological features are presented. According to the productivity of plants in the indeterminate group, the varieties USN 53-236, Narrow-leaved 53-02 and Hybrid 1215 (7.7-6.1 g / plant) were distinguished; by weight 1000 pcs. seeds - varieties Belorozovy 144 and Crystal (136.4-120 g); by the number of seeds in a bean - Belorozovy 144 and Narrow-leaved 53-02 and the Belarusian cultivar Alliance (4.1-4.2 pcs.). In the group of spike-like forms, the cultivar Epigonal 1215 (3.2 g / plant) was distinguished by grain productivity, by the weight of 1000 seeds - the Belarusian cultivar Talent (102.2 g). As a result of the assessment of the collection material in terms of the height and weight of plants, a variety meter was identified that exceeded the control, variety Vityaz, by 15.0-27.7 cm: Belorozovy 144, SN 78-07 and Hybrid 1215. The growing season of the studied numbers varies in a wide range of 80- 101 days. The group of spike-shaped numbers is characterized by ultra-early maturity (71-75) days.