Paradigm shift in Education Sector amidst COVID-19 to improve Online Engagement

The study aims to identify social, intellectual and conceptual structures along with key areas, contributors, current dynamics and suggest future research directions in the field of engagement with e-learning systems. An objective analysis of a sample of 358 articles taken from the Web of Science database, supported by subjective assessments based on the research focused on the integration of management into e-learning domain. Citations and PageRank metrics were used to identify the most influential papers along with most influential authors. To understand the intellectual structure of the research area, a co-citation network was developed. The study may help to explore effective ways of delivering education during a crisis, while also taking a sustainable approach to the promotion of education through online methods. By understanding the behavior of learners towards various forms of content delivery, policy makers at national level can develop a framework to implement it nationwide.

Attitude to Distance Learning of Schoolchildren and Students: Subjective Assessments of Advantages and Disadvantages

Currently, during the pandemic, the forced transition to distance learning carries a number of problems. These problems affect various aspects of education, including the study of students’ attitudes to distance learning. The purpose of this research is to study the features of the subjective attitude of schoolchildren and students to distance learning. This research involved 140 secondary school students (average age M = 10.7, SD = 7.2 (66.3% men)) and 30 university students (average age M = 22.5, SD = 2.4 (20% men)). The methods used were a questionnaire, Chi-square test and Criterion φ*. Fisher angular transformation. The study showed that schoolchildren do not intend to continue studying in the distance form if they choose, with a generally positive attitude towards distance learning. The self-assessment of motivation to study in a distance format has not changed, both among schoolchildren and students. Students are more likely to have a positive attitude to distance learning than schoolchildren. The variety of choices of advantages and disadvantages of distance learning is greater among students than among schoolchildren. The perspective of this study is thus to study the factors that determine the positive and negative attitudes to distance learning.

Assessment of productivity in different thermal working environments

In the paper the assessment of subjective productivity is presented as a function of indoor environment parameters on the example of students situated in the intelligent building. The volunteers in several different rooms (of various air temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration) filled in the questionnaires and assessed their current productivity. It might be related to both the educational performance and office work of low intensity. The physical parameters were measured with the microclimate high accuracy meter. The data obtained during the measurements of the indoor air parameters were compared with the subjective assessments of the volunteers and conclusions were drawn as to the impact of the working environment on the productivity of room users. The gathered experimental material might be useful for the building managers, so that proper indoor conditions within buildings might be applied that maximize productivity and working performance.

Dry EEG Measurement of P3 to Evaluate Cognitive Load During Sitting, Standing, and Walking

The impact of cognitive load on individuals with motor impairments is poorly understood. Cognitive load has been studied using subjective assessments, dual-task studies, physiological measures, and clinical metrics, which are specific to the motor task being performed and do not measure brain signals directly. Combining brain imaging with dual-task paradigms provides a quantitative, direct metric of cognitive load that is agnostic to the motor task. To better understand the impact of cognitive load during activities of daily living, we measured brain activity from a dry EEG headset as participants attended to an auditory stimulus paradigm during sitting, standing, and walking. The stimulus paradigm consisted of an auditory oddball task in which they had to report the number of oddball tones that were heard during each task. The P3 event-related potential, which is sensitive to cognitive load, was extracted from EEG signals in each condition. Results showed that P3 was significantly lower during walking compared to sitting (p = .039), indicating that cognitive load was higher during walking compared to the other activities. No significant differences in P3 were found between sitting and standing. Head motion did not have a significant impact on the measurement of cognitive load. These results encourage the use of a dry EEG system to further investigate cognitive load during dynamic activities in individuals with and without motor impairments.

Risk Readiness as an Adaptive Resource: Subjective Assessments of the Adult Population of Russia

The article attempts to deepen scientific knowledge about the role of risk preparedness as an adaptive resource at different stages of the process of adaptation to uncertainty. Based on analysis of the scientific literature, the essence of risk readiness is shown as a rational choice of the method of interaction with uncertainty, based on the assessment of the situation by the adaptant, his own capabilities and the consequences of the decision made. The approach to measuring risk readiness through a subjective assessment of its sufficiency / lack / neutrality as an adaptive resource is substantiated. The theoretical basis is the position of the sociology of adaptations by L. V. Korel about the differentiation of adaptation resources according to their relationship with the speed and level of adaptation of the subject. An empirical interpretation of the speed of adaptation is proposed through the adaptive capacity and the level of adaptability, and the success / failure of adaptation through selfassessment of social well-being. The hypothesis of the relationship between the risk readiness of the adult population of Russia with the indicators of the speed and success of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by transformational processes in modern society is subjected to empirical testing on the basis of “RLMSHSE” data analysis. Socio-demographic factors differentiating respondents by subjective assessment of risk readiness, such as gender and age, are recorded. It has been established that a high subjective assessment of risk readiness associated with high assessments of adaptive capacity and adaptability level determines a high rate of adaptation. The relationship between the subjective assessment of risk readiness and the level of social well-being is shown. Risk readiness is justified as a specific adaptive resource that ensures the speed of the adaptation process and its result “at the exit” – the success or failure of adaptation to uncertainty conditions.

Wellbeing of Russian Professionals: Dynamics and Specificity

The paper is devoted to the issue of Russian professionals' life changes in the 2010s and the role of human capital in these processes. Life changes are analyzed by identifying mobility cases within three social stratifications by income, presence of signs of privilege or deprivation, and subjectively perceived position in society. For these purposes, we use panel data of RLMS HSE research for 2014-2018 yy. Trajectories of mobility are revealed by using of «Group based trajectory modeling» method. The results show that life stability dominates over mobility. Professionals still have risks of chronic poverty and chronic deprivation, although these risks are rare for them. They also have chances of objectively measuring sustainable well-being by income and privilege criteria. However, even those who have stayed rich and privileged over the years do not feel that they occupy the highest positions in social structure. It is shown that human capital plays a high role in life chances on sustainable privilege and a high-income level. An obstacle on the path to wealth is the dependency burden. The highest risks of poverty characterize young and middle-aged professionals, while professionals who reach retirement age have the highest chances to be rich. Thus, it is a good strategy to continue labor activity in retirement age. It was revealed that parental education significantly increases chances to achieve privilege position in Russian society. These odds are heavily influenced by composite rents. It is also shown that one of the major factors that create unequal chances of gaining high position in society (both in terms of income and privilege) is settlement inequalities. Despite a quite prosperous life dynamics measured by objective indicators, every third professional feels chronically poor or felt a sharp impoverishment during these years. These subjective assessments are weakly correlated with the quality of human capital and observed in all age categories. We associate this phenomenon with two factors: 1) "negative stabilization" in the 2010s and 2) with the fact that chances for objective well-being are confined mainly to the structural factor of settlement inequality. The position of professionals is often contradictory. The groups of privileged and wealthy professionals have little overlap in composition. In modern Russia, wealth does not imply a privileged position in society and vice versa. The same is true for poverty and deprivation. Absolute well-being, i.e., stable occupation of the highest positions in all three structural positions, is practically unavailable to Russian professionals.

LIGHTING CONDITIONS IN BRAZILIAN AND COLOMBIAN HOME OFFICES: A PRELIMINARY STUDY BASED ON OCCUPANT´S PERCEPTION

A measure to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus during the first year of the pandemic was to stay home. Thus, working and learning activities have migrated to dwellings under the so-called home office scheme. In this context, exploring the lighting conditions in home offices from the occupant's perspective is vital for understanding the quality of the perceived visual environment at home. Based on data collected in Brazil and Colombia, this preliminary study aimed to investigate occupant’s perception of the luminous environment in home offices and the influence of regional and personal characteristics. This study is part of broader research related to Subtask A of IEA Task 61, "Integrated Solutions for Daylighting and Electric Lighting." Occupant's subjective assessments were collected from December 2020 to March 2021 through an online survey with professionals working from home. The results show that most professionals have an entire room for the home office, and these are more satisfied with the visual environment. In general, higher satisfaction was achieved when the lighting level was perceived as brighter and strong reflections were associated with disturbing glare situations. Most of the occupants perceived the light and colours as neutral. Daylight is more appreciated than artificial light. Participants located between 20°S and 34°S latitude were less satisfied with the visual environment in the home office. The first approach is part of comprehensive research, generating new data about lighting in home offices to subside guidelines for improving housing projects.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STANDARDS FOR MUSEUM LIGHTING

The new standards for museum lighting development was based on data collection by means of questionnaires, processing and analysis of subjective assessments of art historians, museum workers, research results of restorers and expert visitors, along with objective, physical measurements of photometric parameters of lighting installations in selected exhibition halls of the most famous museums in Russia. Based on the studies performed, national standards of both permanent and preliminary nature were prepared and introduced in 2020 by institute VNISI named after S.I. Vavilov.

No matter how you mark the points on the fever curve – threatening shapes do not add to threat of climate change

Graphs have become an increasingly important means of representing data, for instance, when communicating data on climate change. However, graph characteristics might significantly affect graph comprehension. The goal of the present work was to test whether the marking forms usually depicted on line-graphs, can have an impact on graph evaluation. As past work suggests that triangular forms might be related to threat, we compared the effect of triangular marking forms with other symbols (triangles, circles, squares, rhombi, and asterisks) on subjective assessments. Participants in Study 1 (N = 314) received 5 different line-graphs about climate change, each of them using one out of 5 marking forms. In Study 1, the threat and arousal ratings of the graphs with triangular marking shapes were not higher than those with the other marking symbols. Participants in Study 2 (N = 279) received the same graphs, yet without labels and indeed rated the graphs with triangle point markers as more threatening. Testing whether local rather than global spatial attention would lead to an impact of marker shape in climate graphs, Study 3 (N = 307) documented that a task demanding to process a specific data-point on the graph (rather than just the line graph as a whole) did not lead to an effect either. These results suggest that marking symbols can principally affect threat and arousal ratings but not in the context of climate change. Hence, in graphs on climate change, choice of point markers does not have to take potential side-effects on threat and arousal into account. These seem to be restricted to the processing of graphs where form aspects face less competition from the content domain on judgments.

Can Remote Monitoring Measure Life Activity and Caregiver Experience? Early Results of Multi-modal Assessments

Subjective assessments of dementia caregiver burden are vulnerable to recall and recency biases. Objective continuous home assessment using passive technologies (e.g., bed mats, actigraphy watches) can provide ecologically valid detail on caregiver stress and family function. We tested the utility of objective assessment of activity before, during and after the behavioral intervention of STELLA (Support via Technology: Living and Learning with Advancing AD) which facilitates effective online management of behavioral symptoms of dementia. We present preliminary data on objective measures of sleep and step counts, and subjective measures of burden. We captured data from three caregivers caring for a family member with dementia. Each family lives in home with unobtrusive monitoring devices that recorded data on sleep (Emfit sleep mat) and daily steps (Withings watch). Self-report assessments of burden, depression and grief were collected prior to and after the 2-month intervention. Objective data was collected continuously. Pre/post subjective assessments suggest that the STELLA intervention has the potential to reduce behavioral symptom frequency and caregiver reactivity to symptoms (pre-STELLA behavior frequency=44.9, post=39.2; pre-STELLA reactivity=50.5; post=38.5). Step count ranged from 775 steps/day to 5065, with each participant trending fewer steps during the intervention. Mean sleep time ranged from 6.3 to 8.6 hours and didn’t change during the intervention. The small sample size limits interpretation but provides evidence that it is feasible to collect continuous objective life-activity data during caregiver interventions. This digital data has the potential to inform the validity of subjective findings by limiting recall and recency biases.