subsistence minimum
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Paul Severin Löwe ◽  
Stefanie Alexandra Unger

Abstract In Germany, as in many other European countries, vast changes in the welfare regime – towards workfare – have taken place. As a central activating element of workfare, sanctions were introduced to take effect by temporarily increasing deprivation through benefit cuts. This paper provides first quantitative insights on the effect of first sanctions on deprivation and contributes to the recent debate on the (un)constitutionality of sanctions, which re-emerged after a verdict of the Federal Constitutional Court, criticizing the lack of knowledge about the effects of sanctions on those affected. We implement a difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach that addresses selection on observables and individual time constant unobserved differences. High data accuracy is ensured by combining the “Panel Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS) with administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency. The results illustrate a slightly higher yet statistically insignificant level of deprivation for first-sanctioned unemployment/basic income recipients compared to non-sanctioned recipients. The results hint in the direction that higher levels of deprivation are not what activates the sanctioned beneficiaries to reintegrate into the labour market. We discuss whether the results imply a significant deviation from the socio-cultural subsistence minimum of sanctioned recipients and a failure of the welfare state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21(36) (3) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Aigerim Duisenbekova ◽  
Alina Daniłowska

The article assesses the food security of one region of Kazakhstan - the East Kazakhstan region. In the analyses, criteria such as the level of the region’s food independence, the degree of satisfaction of the population’s physiological needs in basic food, and the level of economic availability of food were applied. The research has shown that the food security in the East Kazakhstan region was at an acceptable level. However, some threats to food security were identified, including: a high level of income differentiation among the households of the East Kazakhstan region, an increase in the price index for food products, and a significant proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. The results of the evaluation can be useful for creating agri-food policy measures that will ensure, maintain and improve the level of food security at both a regional and national level.


2021 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
V. N. Kiryanova

In article the question of extent of adaptation of Standards of the decent salary in branch of agriculture as one of important instruments of increase in profitability of work in agriculture is considered. In order to solve this problem, the author analyses and carries out a comparative assessment of the content of Sectoral Labour Agreements with a view to reflecting in them social guarantees on decent remuneration of workers of the industry in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. In addition, the article provides analytical material on the degree of practical implementation of social guarantees, as the basis of Decent Wage Standards, using statistical groupings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on a number of indicators. For example, by ratio. The minimum wage and subsistence minimum, as well as the average wage and subsistence minimum; Their dynamics by years are given. In addition, the author of the article believes that in order to gain a better understanding of the implementation of the Decent Wage Standards in the industry, it is necessary to study the practice of their application at the level of enterprises and organizations in order to assess the degree of implementation of social and legal guarantees when concluding collective agreements directly in organizations. This will be the next stage of the study on the adaptation of Decent Wage Standards.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov ◽  
Valeriy Antipov ◽  
Igor Kolmakov ◽  
Ekaterina Chernykh

The article is devoted to modeling the possibilities of overcoming absolute monetary poverty in Russia based on the concept of an unconditional basic income (UBI). It is shown that due to the unclear consequences of the impact of the introduction of UBI payments on various aspects of the life of modern societies, due to the impossibility of making payments in full compliance with the basic principles of UBI, such as universality and unconditionality due to political, economic and other restrictions, imitation is widely used in the world to evaluate its possible effects. A review of approaches to simulation modeling in the EU countries, international research, and financial organizations (OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund) and the Russian experience in modeling the effects of the introduction of transitional forms of UBI is carried out. The formulation of the task of introducing the UBI to overcome absolute monetary poverty has been carried out. It is shown that to solve this problem, it is expedient to consider the UBI as a guaranteed minimum per capita income of a poor household, equal to the regional subsistence minimum or the conditional basic income for overcoming poverty. To increase the actual incomes of low-income households up to the regional subsistence minimum, it is proposed to pay them, after providing standard targeted social support, the additional differentiated regional social payment (poverty benefit). Algorithms for determining this payment have been developed. The substantiation of the possibility and feasibility of modeling the effects of poverty benefit according to the domestic model of the tempo-deflator type has been carried out. The results of predictive calculations for this model are presented. It is shown that the additional revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation not only compensate for the initial costs of implementing the conditional UBI program but also annually exceed the initial costs by about 1,35 times. The country's leadership was proposed to combine the current system of targeted social support for the poor with payments of the conditional UBI to more consistently solve the problem of absolute monetary poverty


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen

I exploit quasi-random assignment of social assistance benefits induced by a major Danish reform to obtain credible causal evidence for the effect of social assistance reductions on residential integra-tion (i.e., the extent to which refugees settle among natives). Comparing otherwise similar refugees, I find that reducing the benefits of refugees markedly deteriorated their residential integration espe-cially in the long-term. In particular, refugees’ residential segregation increased by about 28 percent as a consequence of the benefit reductions. I show that this effect most likely runs through a depri-vation mechanism, where refugees live on a subsistence minimum that significantly limit their loca-tion choice. Moreover, I demonstrate that the overall effect is concentrated among the low educated who face the largest resource constraints, most marginalization, and have the worst chances of inte-grating into the host society at the outset.


2021 ◽  
Vol 565 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Piotr Kurowski

The article presents the results of estimates of the subsistence minimum (ME) as well as social minimum baskets (MS) in 2020. Both indicators are important for assessing the well-being of households. The subsistence minimum (ME) sets out a model way of satisfying needs at the minimum level below which there is a biological threat to life. The social minimum, in turn, represents the model cost of living for households that are beginning to be threatened by the realm of deprivation. Between these two extremes, the sphere of deprivation spreads, in different faces. Compared to the 2019 data, the values of the subsistence minimum (ME) in 2020 for a 1-person household and a 4-person household increased by 4.1% and by 4.6% respectively, with inflation of 3.4%. The values of the social minimum (MS) baskets for these households increased by 4.4% and 4.7%. These increases were mainly influenced by higher prices of foodstuffs and the costs of housing and energy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Tatyana Muravleva ◽  
Ekaterina Nesterenko

This article is about the development of pension insurance in the regions. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the subsistence minimum of a pensioner in different regions, the impact of the digitalization process on the quality and conditions of service, taking into account regional characteristics and the possibility of participating in additional non-state pension insurance programs. For the development of recommendations, the above studies serve for specific recommendations for improving pension insurance in the regions.


Author(s):  
Liudmila Samoylova ◽  
Alina Ol'ha

In the article it is considered the content of the Constitutional amendments organizing the directions of the state’s social policy, approved as a result of the all-Russian vote in 2020, from the perspective of the financial opportunities of public law entities for the implementation of the adjusted mechanism of social guarantees. The authors analyzed the nature of changes in the certain institutions of financial law, on the basis of which the consequences were established both for the management of centralized monetary funds and other spheres of the state’s life. During the research the invariability of public finances as a result of equating the minimum wage to the subsistence minimum and declaring guarantees affecting compulsory social insurance, in the country’s fundamental law, was justified. It is noted the modification of the procedure for the formation, distribution and use of the centralized monetary funds due to amendments regulating other social measures requiring the attraction of additional income sources for their implementation. Due to the deteriorating economic situation in the country and at the same time, the increase in expenditure obligations of public law entities in the field of social guarantees proposals have been developed to reduce the risk of irrational waste of budget funds by redistributing the financial burden between the levels of the budget system.


Author(s):  
M.A PARKHOMCHUK ◽  
◽  
O.A GRYAZNOVA ◽  
M.E GREBNEVA ◽  
N.I VINOGRADOVA ◽  
...  

Today, a sufficient part of the country's population is below the poverty line, with monthly incomes not exceeding the established subsistence minimum, which, by the way, does not correspond to modern realities anyway. Despite the implementation in recent years of the task of raising the living wage and bringing it to the minimum wage, these indicators have a rather low value that does not meet the needs of the population. The situation develops in such a way that in the regions of the country the level of wages is formed differentially and is directly dependent on the socio-economic development of the territory. So, in the economic centers of the country, wages are significantly higher than in the periphery and in the outback. During the study, an assessment of the state and differentiation of the level of wages in the regions of the Central Federal District of Russia was carried out, the main trends and their causes were identified. It was found that both the nominal and the real size of the average wage in the country has a steady upward trend, but its rates are not high. So, over the past 5 years, the average salary in Russia has grown by 21.4% and amounted to 51.7 thousand rubles. The assessment in the context of the subjects of the Central Federal District showed the persisting differentiation of the level of wages, which is also due to the economic inequality of the regions. In general, the situation is stable and the leaders in terms of average wages are Moscow, Moscow and Kaluga regions with values of 94.3 thousand rubles, 55.6 thousand rubles. and 41.4 thousand rubles. respectively.


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