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Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Jason L. Brown ◽  
Tracy Young ◽  
Emily McKloud ◽  
Mark C. Butcher ◽  
David Bradshaw ◽  
...  

Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disease resulting from a polymicrobial biofilm perturbation at the denture surface–palatal mucosa interface. Recommendations made by dental health care professionals often lack clarity for appropriate denture cleaning. This study investigated the efficacy of brushing with off-the-shelf denture cleanser (DC) tablets (Poligrip®) vs. two toothpastes (Colgate® and Crest®) in alleviating the viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in an in vitro denture biofilm model. Biofilms were grown on poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) discs, then treated daily for 7 days with mechanical disruption (brushing), plus Poligrip® DC, Colgate® or Crest® toothpastes. Weekly treatment with Poligrip® DC on day 7 only was compared to daily modalities. All treatment parameters were processed to determine viable colony forming units for bacteria and fungi using the Miles and Misra technique, and imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Brushing with daily DC therapy was the most effective treatment in reducing the viable biofilm over 7 days of treatment. Brushing only was ineffective in controlling the viable bioburden, which was confirmed by CLSM imaging. This data indicates that regular cleansing of PMMA with DC was best for polymicrobial biofilms.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262233
Author(s):  
Binish Arif ◽  
Zarina Arif ◽  
Jamal Ahmad ◽  
Kahkashan Perveen ◽  
Najat A. Bukhari ◽  
...  

The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.


2021 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
С.В. Королева

Важный критерий оценки гибрида или сорта, определяющий его конкурентоспособность, – экономическая эффективность выращивания в условиях товарного производства. Цель исследований – определить экономическую эффективность выращивания перспективного гибрида перца сладкого F1Тибет (селекция ФГБНУ «ФНЦ риса») в товарном овощеводстве по интенсивной технологии. Производственные испытания проводили в 2019–2020 годах в ООО «Агро-Союз» Крымского района Краснодарского края. Рассаду выращивали в пленочной теплице с обогревом. Высадку рассады на гряды проводили с 5 мая механизированно с одновременной укладкой капельной ленты и мульчирующей биоразлагаемой пленки. Схема посадки ленточная – 90+50/2×30 см. Количество растений на 1 га – 50 тыс. шт. Система минерального питания включала основное внесение комплексного удобрения – 700 кг/га азофоски и регулярных подкормок, в зависимости от фазы развития. В подкормки на 1 га за период вегетации вносили: кальциевую селитру – 300 кг, карбамид – 200 кг, аммиачную селитру – 200 кг, нитрат калия – 100 кг, сульфат калия – 100 кг, ортофосфат калия – 50 кг, ортофосфорную кислоту – 50 л. Система защиты от бактериальных болезней включала еженедельную обработку (до восьми раз за сезон) биофунгицидами: Фитолавином (0,5 л/га), Фитоспорином М (1 л/га) и Витопланом (0,1 кг/га). Полив проводили 1–2 раза в неделю согласно показаниям тензиометров, установленных на глубину 15 и 30 см. Убирали красные плоды два раза за сезон, в октябре получали дополнительный урожай зеленых плодов. Производственные испытания показали, что гибрид F1 Тибет раннего срока созревания создан для товарного производства и отвечает требованиям перерабатывающей промышленности. Гибрид показал высокий уровень рентабельности (89,5–106,3%) при сборе урожая в биологической спелости плодов. Результаты производственных испытаний также продемонстрировали высокую экономическую эффективность и востребованность гибрида и его аналогов в товарном овощеводстве по приемлемой цене гибридных семян (7,0–7,6% от общих затрат). An important criterion for evaluating a hybrid or variety that determines its competitiveness is the economic efficiency of cultivation in commercial production. The purpose of the research is to determine the economic efficiency of growing a promising hybrid of sweet pepper F1 Tibet (selection of FSBSI «Federal Rice Center») in commodity vegetable growing by intensive technology. Farm tests were carried out in 2019–2020 at Agro-Soyuz LLC in the Crimean district of Krasnodar region. Seedlings were grown in a film greenhouse with heating. Seeds were sown in cassettes No96 in the first decade of March. The planting of seedlings on the ridges was carried out mechanized with simultaneous laying of drip tape and mulching biodegradable film was carried out from May 5. The planting scheme is ribbon – 90+50/2×30 cm. The number of plants per 1 ha is 50 thousand units. The mineral nutrition system included the main application of complex fertilizer – 700 kg/ha of azofoska and regular top dressing, depending on the phase of development. During the growing season, calcium nitrate – 300 kg, carbamide – 200 kg, ammonium nitrate – 200 kg, potassium nitrate – 100 kg, potassium sulfate – 100 kg, potassium orthophosphate – 50 kg, orthophosphoric acid – 50 litre were added to the top dressing per 1 ha. The system of protection against bacterial diseases included weekly treatment (up to eight times per season) with biofungicides: Phytolavin (0.5 l/ha), Phytosporin M (1 l/ha) and Vitoplan (0.1 kg/ha). Watering was carried out 1–2 times a week, according to the indications of tensiometers installed at a depth of 15 and 30 cm. Red fruits were harvested twice a season, in October they received an additional harvest of green fruits. Farm tests have shown that the F1 Tibet hybrid of the early ripening period is created for commercial production and meets the requirements of the processing industry. The hybrid showed a high level of profitability (89.5–106.3%) when harvesting in biological ripeness of fruits. The results of farm tests also demonstrated the high economic efficiency and demand for hybrid and its analogues in commercial vegetable growing at an affordable price of hybrid seeds (7.0–7.6% of total costs).


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Madalina Dragomir ◽  
Cosmin Petru Pestean ◽  
Liviu Oana

Electroacupuncture is a specific branch of acupuncture that uses electrical stimulation through the selected acupoints. Osteoarthritis is considered a complex condition associated with painful joints and locomotor dysfunction. The aim of this case report was to bring scientific support regarding the effect of electroacupuncture in a dog with chronic joint degeneration. An 11-year-old male German shepherd referred to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj with severe pain in his hind limbs and around his back. Diagnosis based on a western examination, neurological assessment and radiographs indicated chronic osteoarthritis with hip dysplasia. From Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine based diagnosis was Kidney Qi Deficiency leading to Bony Bi Syndrome. For the last two years, the treated dog with Mavacoxib (single dose every month) did not show any significant improvement. A combination of a fine needle with dry acupuncture, electroacupuncture (30-40Hz alternated with 80-100 Hz) and aqua-acupuncture using Zeel (AP) was performed. During the winter, weekly treatment was planned, after that, every two weeks treatment with electroacupuncture and dry needle, for five months until the present. Since we started the acupuncture treatment, the dog is more active and enjoys playing again. We have managed to stop the administration of NSAID’s and improve his life quality. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of complementary medicine on a dog with chronic pain and joint degeneration. Electroacupuncture is a complex technique that requires special training; if used wisely, it can be an excellent complementary therapy for veterinary patients’ pain control.  


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Charlotte C. Burn ◽  
Nur H. B. Mazlan ◽  
Natalie Chancellor ◽  
Dominic J. Wells

Identification marking mice commonly involves ear-punching with or without anaesthetic, or tail-marking with ink. To identify which is most humane, we marked weanling male BALB/c mice using ear-punching (EP), ear-punching with anaesthetic EMLATM cream (EP+A), or permanent marker pen (MP). We compared marked mice, unmarked cagemates, and control mice (n = 12–13/group) for 5 weeks, reapplying MP weekly. Treatment-blind observations following marking showed that EP and EP+A mice were allogroomed (p < 0.001) and sniffed (p < 0.001) by their cagemates more than MP and control mice were. EP+A mice groomed themselves (p < 0.001) and their ears (p < 0.001) ~5 times more than most other mice; their cagemates also increased self-grooming (p < 0.001). Unmarked MP cagemates (p = 0.001), and possibly EP+A mice (p = 0.034; a nonsignificant trend), grimaced the most. The following day, half the EP+A mice showed hyponeophagia versus no MP and control mice (p = 0.001). Over the 5 weeks, EP mice approached the handler significantly less than unmarked cagemates did (p < 0.001). Across weeks, defecation during marking of MP mice decreased (p < 0.001). Treatment showed no effects on immediate responses during marking, aggression, bodyweight, plus-maze behaviour or corticosterone. MP mice showed no differences from controls, whilst EP and EP+A mice showed altered behaviour, so ink-marking may be the more humane identification method.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dei Cas ◽  
Jessica Rizzo ◽  
Mariangela Scavone ◽  
Eti Femia ◽  
Gian Marco Podda ◽  
...  

AbstractLow-dose aspirin (ASA) is used to prevent cardiovascular events. The most commonly used formulation is enteric-coated ASA (EC-ASA) that may be absorbed more slowly and less efficiently in some patients. To uncover these “non-responders” patients, the availability of proper analytical methods is pivotal in order to study the pharmacodynamics, the pharmacokinetics and the metabolic fate of ASA. We validated a high-throughput, isocratic reversed-phase, negative MRM, LC–MS/MS method useful for measuring circulating ASA and salicylic acid (SA) in blood and plasma. ASA-d4 and SA-d4 were used as internal standards. The method was applied to evaluate: (a) the "in vitro" ASA degradation by esterases in whole blood and plasma, as a function of time and concentration; (b) the "in vivo" kinetics of ASA and SA after 7 days of oral administration of EC-ASA or plain-ASA (100 mg) in healthy volunteers (three men and three women, 37–63 years). Parameters of esterases activity were Vmax 6.5 ± 1.9 and Km 147.5 ± 64.4 in plasma, and Vmax 108.1 ± 20.8 and Km 803.2 ± 170.7 in whole blood. After oral administration of the two formulations, tmax varied between 3 and 6 h for EC-ASA and between 0.5 and 1.0 h for plain-ASA. Higher between-subjects variability was seen after EC-ASA, and one subject had a delayed absorption over eight hours. Plasma AUC was 725.5 (89.8–1222) for EC-ASA, and 823.1(624–1196) ng h/mL (median, 25–75% CI) for plain ASA. After the weekly treatment, serum levels of TxB2 were very low (< 10 ng/mL at 24 h from the drug intake) in all the studied subjects, regardless of the formulation or the tmax. This method proved to be suitable for studies on aspirin responsiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Seong Kim ◽  
Ansuja Pulickal Mathew ◽  
Arathy Vasukutty ◽  
Saji Uthaman ◽  
Soo Yeon Joo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Recently, we developed hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanomicelles loaded with tacrolimus (TAC) (HGC-TAC) for the targeted renal delivery of TAC. Herein, we determined whether the administration of the HGC-TAC nanomicelles decreases kidney injury in a model of lupus nephritis. Lupus-prone female MRL/lpr mice were randomly assigned into three groups that received intravenous administration of either vehicle control, an equivalent dose of TAC, or HGC-TAC (0.5 mg/kg TAC) weekly for 8 weeks. Age-matched MRL/MpJ mice without Faslpr mutation were also treated with HGC vehicle and used as healthy controls. Results Weekly intravenous treatment with HGC-TAC significantly reduced genetically attributable lupus activity in lupus nephritis-positive mice. In addition, HGC-TAC treatment mitigated renal dysfunction, proteinuria, and histological injury, including glomerular proliferative lesions and tubulointerstitial infiltration. Furthermore, HGC-TAC treatment reduced renal inflammation and inflammatory gene expression and ameliorated increased apoptosis and glomerular fibrosis. Moreover, HGC-TAC administration regulated renal injury via the TGF-β1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. These renoprotective effects of HGC-TAC treatment were more potent in lupus mice compared to those of TAC treatment alone. Conclusion Our study indicates that weekly treatment with the HGC-TAC nanomicelles reduces kidney injury resulting from lupus nephritis by preventing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. This advantage of a new therapeutic modality using kidney-targeted HGC-TAC nanocarriers may improve drug adherence and provide treatment efficacy in lupus nephritis mice.


2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318354
Author(s):  
Kelvin Yi Chong Teo ◽  
Janice Marie Jordan-Yu ◽  
Anna C S Tan ◽  
Ian Y S Yeo ◽  
Ranjana Mathur ◽  
...  

PurposeTo compare the efficacy of aflibercept using a personalised versus fixed regimen in treatment-naïve participants with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).DesignA 52-week, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, single-centre study that included participants with symptomatic PCV. Participants were randomised (3:1 ratio) to receive either personalised (n=40) or fixed 8-weekly treatment regimen (n=13). The personalised regimen allowed for either early treat and extend (T&E) after week 12 or late T&E with 3 additional 4-weekly aflibercept injections until week 24 in participants with residual polypoidal lesions (PL) on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) at week 12.Main outcomes and measuresNon-inferiority of personalised to fixed regimen for mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to week 52 (non-inferiority margin: −5 letters). The key secondary outcomes include reduction in central subfield thickness (CSFT) on optical coherence tomography and the anatomical closure of PL on ICGA.ResultsOf the 53 participants, the mean (SD) age was 69.2 (8.1) years, 19 (35.8 %) were male. Personalised group was non-inferior to fixed for the primary end point (+8.1 vs +7.9 letters at week 52, respectively; difference 0.16, 95% CI −2.8 to 2.4, p=0.79). There was greater reduction in mean CSFT (SD) in the personalised versus fixed group (−248.8 (169.9) vs −164.8 (148.9) µm, p=0.03). Closure of PL occurred in 21 (55.2%) and 5 (41.6%) of study eyes in personalised and fixed groups, respectively at week 52 (p=0.41).ConclusionsPersonalised regimen achieved non-inferior BCVA gain and numerically higher PL closure compared with fixed regimen.Trial registration numberNCT03117634.


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