normal body weight
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2022 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
А.М. ЖУКЕМБАЕВА ◽  
М.К. АКИМЖАН ◽  
Н.К. АБТЫХАЛИ ◽  
И.О. АЛИМКУЛ ◽  
А.Б. ДҮЙСЕНБАЙ ◽  
...  

Проведен анализ результатов обследования 143 больных бактериальным вагинозом с учетом наличия у них алиментарного ожирения. Все женщины, принимавшие участие в нашем исследовании, дали письменное информированное согласие на участие в нем. Исследование проводили до начала лечения бактериального вагиноза. В зависимости от наличия алиментарного ожирения больных разделили на 2 группы. В I группу вошли 97 с нормальным весом телом, без признаков алиментарного ожирения. Во II группе у 46 больных отмечалось увеличение массы тела, соответствующее алиментарному ожирению II степени. Критериями для анализа являлись результатами бактериоскопического исследования мазков из влагалища, окрашенных по Грамму и выявления в них количественных показателей «ключевых клеток» и показатели оксиметрии, определение интегративного коэффициента Кслиз%, отражающий содержание кислорода в слизистой оболочке, по отношению к показателям, зарегистрированным на II пальце кисти, позволяющего прогнозировать результативность лечения. Таким образом, на фоне алиментарного ожирения еще до начала лечения интенсивность патологического процесса при бактериальном вагинозе была более выражена, чем без него. При этом локальные гипоксия и иммунодефицит свидетельствовали о риске снижения эффективности лечения The analysis of the results of examination of 143 patients with bacterial vaginosis, taking into account the presence of alimentary obesity, was carried out. All women who took part in our study gave written informed consent to participate in it. The study was carried out before starting treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Depending on the presence of alimentary obesity, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 97 people with normal body weight, without signs of alimentary obesity. In group II, 46 patients showed an increase in body weight corresponding to alimentary obesity of the II degree. The criteria for the analysis were the results of bacterioscopic examination of vaginal smears stained according to Gram and the identification of quantitative indicators of "key cells" in them and oximetry indicators, determination of the integrative coefficient Cmucous membrane% , reflecting the oxygen content in the mucous membrane, in relation to the indicators recorded on the second finger of the hand, which allows predicting the effectiveness of treatment. Thus, amid alimentary obesity, even before the start of treatment, the intensity of the pathological process with bacterial vaginosis was more pronounced than without it. At the same time, local hypoxia and immunodeficiency indicated the risk of a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Aaron Ramonett ◽  
Tasmia Ahmed ◽  
Euna Kwak ◽  
Paola Cruz Flores ◽  
...  

Mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental process underlying cellular respiration and metabolism. Here we report TAK1 as a direct regulator of mitochondrial fusion. TAK1 is activated by a variety of mitogenic factors, cytokines and environmental stimuli, which we find induces rapid fragmentation through Mfn2 inactivation. TAK1 phosphorylates Mfn2 at Ser249, which inhibits the binding of GTP required for Mfn trans-dimerization and mitochondrial membrane fusion. Accordingly, expression of Mfn2-S249 phosphomimetics (Mfn2-E/D) constitutively promote fission whereas alanine mutant (Mfn2-A) yields hyperfused mitochondria and increased bioenergetics in cells. In mice, Mfn2-E knock-in yields embryonic lethality in homozygotes whereas heterozygotes are viable but exhibit increased visceral fat accumulation despite normal body weight and cognitive/motor functions compared to wildtype and Mfn2-A mice. Mature white adipocytes isolated from mutant mice reveal cell-autonomous TAK1-related effects on mitochondrial remodeling and lipid metabolism. These results identify Mfn2-S249 as a dynamic phosphoregulatory switch of mitochondrial fusion during development and energy homeostasis.


Author(s):  
Waldemar Pluta ◽  
Wioleta Dudzińska ◽  
Anna Lubkowska

Disorders of metabolic obesity with normal body weight (MONW) are widely recognized risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Despite this, MONW is not diagnosed in clinical practice. There is no consensus on the definition of MONW, and measuring the degree of insulin resistance or obesity among apparently healthy, non-obese patients is not widely applicable. The awareness of the relationship between metabolic disorders such as MONW and a higher risk of mortality from cardiovascular causes and other related diseases prompts the need for action to be taken aimed at creating appropriate diagnostic models that will allow for the effective detection of those with metabolic abnormalities among people with normal body weight. Such actions are decisive in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the MONW diagnostic criteria used over the years.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
A. L. Kalinkin ◽  
A. S. Sorokin

Objective. To assess age and sex differences in sleep disorders as risk factors and markers of hypertension (HTN) in 18–39-year old people with normal body weight. Design and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study based on the internet survey of 18–39-year-old people with body mass index of 18–25 kg/m2  (n = 2094). The unvalidated questionnaire included 42 questions about various types of sleep disorders and sleep-associated symptoms (0 — never, 1 — rarely, 2 — from time to time, 3 — quite often, 4 — almost all the time). Results. The probability of detecting HTN in young men with normal body weight is higher than in women with similar characteristics (p < 0,001). In women, the probability of detecting HTN decreases, starting with the youngest category (18–24 years old), reaching a minimum in the age group 30–34 years old and then starts to increase. By the age of 40, the indicators for men and women become similar. Based on a multivariate analysis, the risk of HTN in young people with normal body weight is associated with both gender and age (p = 0,022). The contribution of gender to age-related changes in sleep complaints was found for snoring (p < 0,001), sleep apnea (p < 0,001), early awakenings (p = 0,002). The contribution of gender was also noted for various symptoms — daytime sleepiness, some symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS), anxiety, depression, leg cramps (p < 0,001) and nocturnal heartburn (p < 0,001). The contribution of age was noted for snoring (p < 0,001), sleep apnea (p < 0,001), early awakenings (p < 0,001) and for a variety of symptoms — daytime sleepiness, some symptoms of RLS, anxiety, nocturnal cough, and nocturnal choking. Conclusions. Our data can be considered when developing measures for HTN prevention, can be recommended for clinical use, as well as in subsequent clinical studies using validated questionnaires.


Author(s):  
Д.С. Шилин ◽  
К.Г. Шаповалов

Актуальность: ожирение является одной из самых распространенных в мире причин развития сопутствующих заболеваний. у человека. В настоящий момент проблема СOVID-19 приводит к развитию и обострению сердечно-сосудистой патологии, сопровождающейся изменениями гемодинамики. Цель исследования - оценка зависимости изменений гемодинамики у пациентов с COVID-19 от алиментарно-конституционального ожирения. Методика. Исследование выполнено у 73 пациентов обоего пола с внебольничной полисегментарной вирусно-бактериальной пневмонией на фоне СOVID-19. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы по индексу массы тела. В 1-ю группу вошли пациенты без избытка массы тела, 2-ю составили пациенты с избыточной массой тела, 3-ю - с ожирением 1 степени. Использован комплекс аппаратно-программного неинвазивного исследования центральной гемодинамики методом объемной компрессионной осциллометрии «КАП ЦГ осм- «Глобус» (Россия). Результаты. У пациентов с СOVID-19, страдающих ожирением I степени (30,0 - 34,9 кг/м2). выявлено статистически значимое снижение сердечного индекса относительно лиц с нормальной массой тела (на 10,8%, p=0,010). Пациенты с избытком массы тела имели более высокое диастолическое давление (на 10,5%, p=0,011) Показатель периферического сосудистого сопротивления у пациентов с СOVID-19 без избыточной массы тела был на 16.5% ниже, чем у пациентов с ожирением 1 степени. Удельное периферическое сопротивление сосудов у пациентов 1-й группы было на 10.3% меньше, чем у пациентов с избыточной массой тела. Податливость сосудистой стенки у пациентов 1-й группы была ниже на 22.5%, чем у пациентов с СOVID-19 и ожирением 1 степени. Заключение. У пациентов с внебольничной полисегментарной вирусно-бактериальной пневмонией на фоне СOVID-19 при ожирении 1 степени и избыточной массе тела выявляются значимые изменения гемодинамики относительно больных с нормальной массой тела. Background: Obesity is one of the most common causes of comorbidities worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, development and increasing severity of cardiovascular disorders associated with hemodynamic changes has become increasingly relevant. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in COVID-19 patients depending on the severity of their exogenous constitutional obesity. Methods. 73 male and female patients with community-acquired polysegmental pneumonia of viral and bacterial origin associated with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. The patients were allocated to three groups depending on the value of their body mass index (BMI). Group 1 included patients with normal body weight; Group 2 included overweight patients, and Group 3 included patients with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2). The measurements were performed using a technique of volumetric compression oscillometry on a non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring system KAP CG osm (Globus, Russia). Results. COVID-19 patients with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2) demonstrated a statistically significant 10.8% decrease in the cardiac index compared to patients with normal body weight (p=0.010). Overweight patients had 10.5% higher diastolic blood pressure (p=0.011). Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in COVID-19 patients with normal body weight was 16.5% lower than in patients with grade 1 obesity. PVR adjusted for body surface area in patients with normal body weight was 10.3% lower than in overweight patients. The compliance of the vascular wall in Group 1 patients was 22.5% lower than in COVID-19 patients with grade 1 obesity. Conclusion. COVID-19 patients with community-acquired, polysegmental pneumonia of viral and bacterial origin demonstrate significant hemodynamic changes compared to patients with normal body weights.


Author(s):  
Yu. Osadcha ◽  
◽  
G. Sakhatsky ◽  

Artificial light, as an environmental factor, is crucial for the release of hormones that play a key role in a bird's life, growth, immunity and reproduction. For laying hens, light plays an important role in the development and functioning of the reproductive system, significantly affecting the age of laying the first egg, egg-laying and productivity in general. The source of artificial light of the latest generation in poultry farming is LED lamps. Compared to incandescent and fluorescent lamps, LEDs have a longer service life, specific spectrum, lower heat output, higher energy efficiency and reliability, as well as lower maintenance costs, so they are increasingly used by manufacturers. LEDs are a special type of semiconductor diode that can give monochrome light. However, information on the effect of monochrome light with different wavelengths of light on the physiological state of the hens’ body is quite contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the efficiency of egg production using monochrome light with different wavelengths. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for production of food eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2915 m2, 4 groups of hens of the industrial herd "Hy-Line W-36" were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house similar in area and cage equipment. Each poultry house was equipped with cage batteries "Big Dutchman" (Germany), consisting of 1176 cages with an area of 40544 cm2 (362 × 112 cm). The differences between the poultry houses applied only to LED lamps. Thus, hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 458 nm (blue color of the spectrum), the 2nd group – 603 nm (yellow color of the spectrum), the 3rd group – 632 nm (orange color of the spectrum) and the 4th group – 653 nm (red color of the spectrum). Every day, for 44 weeks of the productive period, the number of eggs laid by the laying hens of each group and the intensity of their laying were determined. The number of hatched hens (due to death and culling) was also counted daily and the number of livestock was determined. Once a week, the weight of eggs and live weight of laying hens were measured from certain labeled cages according to a sample. The European egg production rate on the basis of productivity was determined. It was found that for the maintenance of laying hens of modern white-egg crosses in 12-tier cage batteries of classical designs, it is advisable to use lighting with a peak wavelength of 653 nm, that is with red light. This makes it possible for the 44-week egg-laying period to receive an additional 4.8–18.8 million eggs from each poultry house (0.4–1.6 thousand eggs per 1 m2 of its area) at the highest level of the European egg production rate at 1.0–3.8 units The decrease in the peak wavelength from 653 to 632 nm, which was manifested by a change in light from red to orange, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 0.7% (3.8% ˂ normal), body weight – by 0.6% within physiological norms, egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 2.9% (5.3% ˂ norm), which caused a decrease in the gross yield of eggs by 4.5 million eggs and egg mass – by 3273 tons from each poultry house, including 1.6 thousand eggs and 112.3 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of European egg production rate by 1.0 units. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 603 nm, that is the change in the color of light from red and orange to yellow, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 6.0–6.7% (9.8% ˂ normal), body weight – by 1.0 –1.7% within the physiological norm, egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 6.6–10.3% (11.6% ˂ of the norm) and feed consumption – by 0.6–0.7% (7.5%) > norms), which led to a decrease in gross egg yield by 7.8–12.6 million eggs and egg mass – by 505.7–833.0 tons from each poultry house, including 2.7–4.3 thousand eggs and 173.5–285.8 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of the European egg production rate by 1.6–2.6 units. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 458 nm, that is the change in light color from red, orange and yellow to blue, is accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 4.2–10.9% (14.0% ˂ normal), body weight – by 2,3–4.0% (0.2% ˂ of the norm), egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 5.6–15.3% (16.5% ˂ of the norm) and feed costs – by 2.0–2.7 % (5.3%> norms), which led to a decrease in gross egg yield by 6.1–18.8 million eggs and egg mass – by 365.3–1198.3 tons from each poultry house, including 2.1–6.4 thousand eggs and 125.3–288.9 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of the European egg production rate by 1.2–3.8 units.


2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Ivanov ◽  
Alexey A. Malov ◽  
Vadim A. Kichigin ◽  
Vasily A. Ivanov ◽  
Larisa V. Tarasova

Despite a decrease in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Russian Federation in recent years, among the newly diagnosed patients there remains a significant proportion of patients with bacterial excretion and destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, surgical treatment is often the only possible method for saving lives. We studied the results of extrapleural posterosuperior thoracoplasty in 42 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients who received medicamentous therapy. The mortality rate for 3 years of follow-up in the conservative treatment group was 36.7%, in the surgical treatment group it was 23.8%, p = 0.237. Among patients with more than 2 years of disease experience, mortality was 45% in the main group, 88% in the comparison group, p = 0.070. In the absence of drug resistance, mortality in the main group was 4%, that in the comparison group – 14.2%, p = 0.283. Mortality in individuals with normal body weight was lower in the group of patients who underwent thoracoplasty than in the comparison group: 17.6% vs. 33.3% (p = 0.202). Among those who did not achieve sputum negative reaction, mortality was lower, and passing to the 3rd group of dispensary care was more common in the surgical treatment group – 41.7% vs. 71.4% (p = 0.077) and 33.3% vs. 21.4% (p = 0.426). Among patients with drug resistance or low body weight or unachieved sputum negative reaction, mortality rates were comparable in both groups. Thus, thoracoplasty, in comparison with conservative therapy, makes it possible to improve treatment results in patients regardless of the length of the disease in groups with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive process, with normal body weight, with preservation of elimination of bacilli. The effectiveness of thoracoplasty decreases in patients with an increase in the disease duration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-767
Author(s):  
Yanina S. Shkatova ◽  
Sergey N. Avdeev ◽  
Andrey V. Budnevsky ◽  
Ludmila V. Tribuntceva

The phenotype of asthma with obesity is particularly difficult to treat, while its prevalence is increasing. In recent years, special attention has been paid to neuropeptide Y (NPY) due to its possible effect on the severity of the clinical course of asthma.Aim. To identify the relationship between the level of NPY and the clinical course of asthma in patients with obesity and overweight.Methods. The study included 113 patients (27, or 23.89% of men and 86, or 76.11% of women) diagnosed with asthma of moderate severity, whose average age was 57.81 ± 13.05 years. Patients were divided into three groups — with normal body weight, overweight, and obesity. The examination included spirometry, body mass index (BMI), and a questionnaire. Also, Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, NPY, and general oxidative damage were measured in all patients.Results. Asthma control was significantly lower in the group of patients with asthma and obesity compared with the normal body weight and overweight patients. Leptin level was significantly higher in the group of patients with asthma and obesity compared with the normal body weight and overweight patients. The level of NPY was significantly higher in the group of patients with obesity than in the patients with normal body weight and overweight. No significant differences in the level of adiponectin were found between the groups. The NPY level had a high inverse correlation with VLC index, a moderate/medium inverse correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, forced expiratory flow (FEF) at 25%; forced vital capacity, Tiffno index, FEF 50%, peak expiratory flow, ACT score, and a moderate positive correlation with the level of total oxidative damage.Conclusion. A higher level of NPY is observed in patients with asthma and obesity. This level has an inverse correlation with spirometric parameters, asthma control (evaluated via ACT) and a positive correlation with the level of general oxidative damage, which indicates a possible proinflammatory effect of NPY that contributes to an unfavorable course of asthma. Thus, further studies are required to establish the nature of the relationship between NPY and asthma exacerbations, as well as the mechanism of NPY influence on asthma pathogenesis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Shan ◽  
Chee Keng Mok ◽  
Shuyuan Zhang ◽  
Jun Lan ◽  
Jizhou Li ◽  
...  

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to emerge and spread around the world, antibodies and vaccines to confer broad and potent neutralizing activity are urgently needed. Through the isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, we identified one antibody, P36-5D2, capable of neutralizing the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Crystal and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structure analyses revealed that P36-5D2 targeted to a conserved epitope on the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein, withstanding the three key mutations—K417N, E484K, and N501Y—found in the variants that are responsible for escape from many potent neutralizing mAbs, including some already approved for emergency use authorization (EUA). A single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of P36-5D2 as a prophylactic treatment completely protected animals from challenge of infectious SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Beta. Treated animals manifested normal body weight and were devoid of infection-associated death up to 14 days. A substantial decrease of the infectious virus in the lungs and brain, as well as reduced lung pathology, was found in these animals compared to the controls. Thus, P36-5D2 represents a new and desirable human antibody against the current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Yanina Shkatova ◽  
Andrey Budnevsky ◽  
Evgeniy Ovsyannikov ◽  
Galina Prozorova ◽  
Anna Volynkina ◽  
...  

Background: The spectrum of clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA) is very wide. Given the complex pathogenesis and syndromic nature of BA, it is not surprising that there is no single universal biomarker. The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its association with levels of leptin, adiponectin, oxidative damage, antioxidant status, spirometry parameters, and asthma control in BA patients. Methods and Results: Overall, 140 patients [35(25%) men and 105(75%) women; mean age of 57.0±9.34 years] with moderate asthma participated in the study. According to body mass index, all patients were divided into three groups. The asthma diagnosis was based on the integral assessment of symptoms, medical history, health status, and spirometry values according to the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. (GINA, 2017 REPORT). The Asthma Control Test (АСТ) was used to assess asthma control. NPY was measured in blood serum in EIA. The NPY level was significantly higher in overweight patients and patients with obesity than in patients with normal body weight. The NPY level significantly correlated with leptin (r=0.44; P<0.05), adiponectin (r=-0.24; P<0.05), ImanOx (r=-0.40; P<0.05), PerOx (r=0.58; P<0.05), ACT (r=-0.41; P<0.05), VC (r=-0.31; P<0.05), FEV1 (r=-0.41; P<0.05), FEF25% (r=-0.26; P<0.05), FVC (r=-0.23; P<0.05), Tiffno index (r=-0.36; P<0.05), FEF50% (r=-0.22; P<0.05), and PEF (r=-0.23; P<0.05) Conclusion: The severity of the asthma clinical course is associated with different factors, including oxidative stress, levels of leptin, adiponectin and NPY. NPY seems to be associated with worse asthma control and higher levels of leptin and oxidative damage.


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