Defense and Detection of DDOS Attack using Secured Geographic Routing

Due to the absence of routing initiation, the routing protocol requires a secure message transition. The key downside is that there are many current routing protocols. The big downside is the inability of the node to give a message when the attackers are routing. The key attack in the proposed routing model is Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS). The Protected Geographic Routing Protocol (SGRP) is the assured routing carried out in the proposed work. The Protected Geographic Routing Protocol (SGRP) will improve the efficiency of the transmission method by choosing a specific source node. The paper suggested that the Protected Spatial Routing Protocol (PSRP) would recognize and isolate such threats. Several modeling time estimation studies have been carried out to analyze the simulation time and the efficiency of the proposed routing technique. The proposed routing technique demonstrates the performance by calculating the Packets Delivery Ratio(PDR) and Energy consumption. The Routing protocol is used in many applications such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT)

Study on bubble-induced turbulence in pipes and containers with Reynolds-stress models

Bubbly flow still represents a challenge for large-scale numerical simulation. Among many others, the understanding and modelling of bubble-induced turbulence (BIT) are far from being satisfactory even though continuous efforts have been made. In particular, the buoyancy of the bubbles generally introduces turbulence anisotropy in the flow, which cannot be captured by the standard eddy viscosity models with specific source terms representing BIT. Recently, on the basis of bubble-resolving direct numerical simulation data, a new Reynolds-stress model considering BIT was developed by Ma et al. (J Fluid Mech, 883: A9 (2020)) within the Euler—Euler framework. The objective of the present work is to assess this model and compare its performance with other standard Reynolds-stress models using a systematic test strategy. We select the experimental data in the BIT-dominated range and find that the new model leads to major improvements in the prediction of full Reynolds-stress components.

The ambassador of Spain to the Russian Empire Anibal Morillo y Pérez del Villar and his “Memories”

The article examines the memoirs of a Spanish diplomat Anibal Morillo and Perez del Villar, the Count of Cartagena. He held the post of the Spanish ambassador in the Russian Empire in 1914-1916 when World War One broke out. “Memories of my Embassy in Russia” by Morillo is a specific source that shows the life of the zarist court and diplomatic circles of St. Petersburg in that period. The Count of Cartagena’s activity has not been considered much in Russian historiography. Based on the analysis of his memoirs, the author of the article suggests that Morillo considered the Russian revolution to be brought in from outside. A study of the memoirs showed that the Spanish ambassador at St. Petersburg preferred German diplomacy and had a peculiar notion of the role of Russia in unleashing the war. The author of this article concludes that Morillo’s ideas were partly shaped by the internal problems and the international situation of his own country at the beginning of the 20th century and that the Spanish ambassador was one of the Spanish Germanophiles. Spain maintained strict neutrality throughout the war. The Spanish embassy in Russia carried out important humanitarian mission and active mediation activities, supporting Russian citizens on enemy territory and trying to improve the situation of Russian prisoners of war and facilitate their return. The issue of the personal participation of Anibal Morillo in mediation is also touched upon in this article.

Radiometric Identification of Signals by Matched Whitening Transform

Radiometric identification is the problem of attributing a signal to a specific source. In this work, a radiometric identification algorithm is developed using the whitening transformation. The approach stands out from the more established methods in that it works directly on the raw IQ data and hence is featureless. As such, the commonly used dimensionality reduction algorithms do not apply. The premise of the idea is that a data set is “most white” when projected on its own whitening matrix than on any other. In practice, transformed data are never strictly white since the training and the test data differ. The Förstner-Moonen measure that quantifies the similarity of covariance matrices is used to establish the degree of whiteness. The whitening transform that produces a data set with the minimum Förstner-Moonen distance to a white noise process is the source signal. The source is determined by the output of the mode function operated on the Majority Vote Classifier decisions. Using the Förstner-Moonen measure presents a different perspective compared to maximum likelihood and Euclidean distance metrics. The whitening transform is also contrasted with the more recent deep learning approaches that are still dependent on feature vectors with large dimensions and lengthy training phases. It is shown that the proposed method is simpler to implement, requires no features vectors, needs minimal training and because of its non-iterative structure is faster than existing approaches.

Trust in information sources during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Romanian case study

Higher levels of trust in credible sources of information in times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic increase public compliance with official recommendations, minimizing health risks and helping authorities manage the crisis. Based on a national survey (N=1160), this article explores (a) actual levels of trust in various sources of information (government websites, legacy media, social media, and interpersonal communication) during the pandemic and (b) a number of predictors of such trust. Results show that during the period studied government websites were the most trusted source of information. Trust in an information source is correlated with consumption of COVID-19–related news from that specific source, media fact-checking, and self-perception about the incidence of COVID-19–related fake news. Only income and age are significant trust predictors, and only with respect to specific source types.

Partisan Identity and Affective Polarization in Presidential Debates

This study presents the results of a quasi-experiment to assess the effects of viewing the live televised general election presidential and vice-presidential campaign debates. We contribute to a growing empirical record on the polarizing effects of campaign debates by testing some contextual variables that have confounded past researchers. Specifically, we use Trump’s aggressive first debate performance as a test-case of polarizing content and compare it with Trump’s second debate performance along with the other 2020 debates. We also test whether, as some have hypothesized, vice-presidential debates are more polarizing. Finally, we consider Biden—a candidate who has been polarizing and depolarizing in his vice-presidential debates, as a candidate-specific source of uncertainty in existing findings. We find further evidence that campaign debates increase ingroup affection—or the extent to which co-partisans reward the ingroup candidate. Conversely, outgroup hostility did not increase even after Trump’s first debate. We conclude that debates may contribute to polarization, but only through ingroup affection, not outgroup animosity.

Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes

Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high-performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.

Early Holocene aeolian sediments in southwestern Crete−preliminary results

The soilscapes along the southern and western coast of Crete (Greece) are dominated by coarse-grained reddish-brown slope sediments whose natural (pre-anthropogenic) configuration and properties are difficult to reconstruct due to the long history of intense land use. As a consequence, datable terrestrial sediment archives of pre-anthropogenic genesis are scarce. We present preliminary results of a study performed on an accumulation within an alluvial fan south of Stomio Bay in southwestern Crete. The studied profile is located in a small depression and is composed of a sequence of sandy to silty yellowish-brown calcareous sediments overlying coarse-grained slope sediments, including a fossil topsoil horizon. Based on macroscopic, micromorphological, geochemical, geophysical and mineralogical analysis, we interpret the fine-grained sediments to have a local aeolian origin. OSL dating indicates a final deposition phase during the early Holocene. Considering the scarcity of early Holocene terrestrial archives in Crete, the analysed profile provides valuable data for the reconstruction of landscape dynamics and paleoecological conditions as well as soil-sediment configurations during this time period. Additional research is needed to address the specific source area(s) as well as the ages of the deposition of slope sediments and formation of the fossil topsoil.

The importance of research on the Simile-Principle in different medical fields

Backround Observation of the Simile-Principle is attributed to Hippocrates and Paracelsus. With Hahnemann’s methodological observations Homeopathy became the only medical field so far, that applies the Simile-Principle deliberately. This application is currently disputed by mainstream medicine, claiming that there is no scientific rationale for the Simile-Principle. Aim To assess if and how the Simile Priciple can be observed in biomedical research inside and outside of homeopathy. Methods In conventional medicine, we surveyed different therapeutic methods for evidence of the Simile Principle at work. In Homeopathy, we used provings and analysis of our own records from 22 years of monitoring case-takings to discover congruence between a state of illness, a healing agent and longterm clinical outcomes. We also monitored which techniques of questioning and documentation yield a high quality in provings and symptom-collections along the Simile-Principle. Results Conventional-Medicine: We will present examples for therapeutic applications of the Simile–Principle on the chemical, organ and informational level, where Like is used to treat Alike: Allergy-therapies, Vaccinations, Organ-transplants, Psychotherapy. There is no awareness of this underlying principle in Medicine. Homeopathic provings: We will show how exactness of observation, adaquateness of wording and diligence in documentation can range from few trivial symptoms up to a precise image of of the remedy-source. Like in Hahnemann´s patient Klockenbring, this resonance can even evoke information about the source within the prover or the patient. Conclusion In Homeopathy the Simile-Principle is reflected not only in symptoms induced by ingestion. The Simile-Principle to a specific source is reflected both in physical disorders, as well as in the specific perception of illness, healing and in individual talent. Basic and clinical research is needed in Homeopathy and conventional medicine to better understand the Simile-Principle. Modern methods of pattern-recognition can enhance such scientific understanding.