Nutritional Value and Bioactive Compounds of Leaves and Grains from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa is an important crop for food security and food sovereignty in Ecuador. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional value, bioactive compounds, and antinutrient compounds of leaves and grains of the Ecuadorian quinoa variety Tunkahuan, and we identified significant differences between the nutrient content in the leaves and grains. The quinoa leaves presented a higher protein content than the grains, as well as inorganic nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc. Both the grains and leaves had an appreciable phenolic content. In addition, the quinoa grains presented a higher content of the antinutrient saponin than the leaves, while the leaves contained more nitrates and oxalates than the grains. Thus, quinoa leaves and grains exhibit excellent potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Edukasi Manfaat Jus Wortel Sebagai Terapi Dismenorea Pada Remaja

ABSTRAK Dismenore adalah nyeri ringan yang dapat ditolerir tanpa obat, namun dalam kondisi berat bisa mengganggu aktivitas sehari – hari atau absen sekolah. Pemicu utama dismenore primer adalah prostaglandin yang berperan penting menyebabkan kram dan kontraksi serta gejala lainnya. Mengatasi dismenore dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan jus wortel yang kaya akan karotin, pectin, aspargin, serat, lemak, hidrat arang, kalsium, fosfor, besi, sodium, asam amino, minyak esensial dan beta karote serta vitamin A,B,C,D,E dan K. Vitamin E membantu block formasi prostaglandin dan membantu mengatasi efek dari peningkatan prostaglandin, sehingga efektif menurunkan nyeri. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mulya Asri tanggal 15 maret 2021. Kegiatan diawali dengan melakukan pertest lalu penyampaian materi, demonstrasi pembuatan jus dan diakhiri dengan evalusi dalam bentuk post test. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang dismenore serta cara mengatasi dismenorea menggunakan jus wortel yaitu sebesar 55%. Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Jus Wortel, Remaja, Dismenore ABSTRACTDysmenorrhea is mild pain that can be tolerated without medicine, however, severe conditions can disturb daily activity or be absent in school. The main trigger of primer dysmenorrhea is a prostaglandin that has an important role in causing cramps, contraction, and other symptoms. The way to overcome dysmenorrhea can be done by using carrot juice in which very rich in carotene, pectin, asparagine, fiber, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, amino acids, essential oil, beta carotene, and A, B, C, D, E, K vitamin. Vitamin E helps block the formation of prostaglandin and helps in overcoming the effects of increased prostaglandin so that it is very effective in decreasing pain. Counseling activity was done in the worked area of Mulya Asri’s Public Health Center on 15th March 2021. This activity was started by doing a pretest, delivering the material, demonstrating in making juice, and ended by evaluating in the form of the posttest. The results were that teenage girls have had increased their knowledge about dysmenorrhea and they have had known in overcoming dysmenorrhea by using carrot juice totally 55%. Keywords : Education, Carrot Juice, teenage, Dysmenorrhea

Influence of weather conditions on the durability of acrylic-polyurethane car coatings in an industrial area

The influence of weather conditions on the durability of acrylic-polyurethane car coatings during their exposure to industrial plants (Grupa Azoty, Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" SA) was investigated. The surface structure and the general appearance of the paint coatings (after 16 months of the test) were examined using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, an optical profilometer and a gloss meter. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the composition and chemical structure of the coatings. Convex spots of various sizes were observed on the surface of the tested coatings. Quantitative profilometric analysis showed a clear increase in surface roughness. However, the results of the XPS and FTIR tests did not confirm the chemical degradation of the tested samples. It was shown that the convexities observed on the surfaces of the aged coatings were atmospheric deposits consisting mainly of oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, iron, silicon and carbon. Thorough cleaning of the surfaces resulted in their complete removal.

Mechanism of Anticancer Activity of Compounds Isolated from Two Species of Ziziphus (Z. jujube and Z. mauritiana)

Medicinal plants have been used to treat diseases for centuries. One group of such plants is Ziziphus species belonging to Rhamnaceae family. The extracts from plants of this genus has been found beneficial for the treatment of cancer caused by high production of reactive oxygen species resulting from different oxidative stress mediated conditions. The mechanism of anticancer activity of two different species of this plant (Z.jujube and Z.mauritiana) have been discussed in this review. The constituents of this plant include the flavonoids, triterpenes, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and polysaccharides such as reducing and non-reducing sugars. The underlying mechanisms of both species include the (Tumor protein P53) P53, (signal transducer and activator of transcription) STAT, (Matrix metalloproteinases) MMPs, (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) CRISPR and flavonoids and triterpenic acid mechanisms. The effects of the extract on different cells lines in both in vitro and in vivo models have been studied by observing the induction of apoptosis and reduction in angiogenesis leading to reduction in progression and proliferation of cancer cell lines. The biological properties of Ziziphus include the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and hepato-protective characteristics.

Evaluation of Nutraceutical Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm (Pleurotaceae)

Recently, consumption of mushroom is on the increase in many developing countries. They serve as food supplements in diets of the people. The present study was conducted to evaluate nutraceutical properties of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), a widely cultivated mushroom in Nigeria. Properties such as proximate composition, mineral ions and antioxidants contents were analyzed using standard methods. P. ostreatus was found to contain high percentage of crude fibre, moisture content, carbohydrates, crude fat, total ash, crude protein and oil matter. Percentage of mineral ion such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc were found to be lower in value. Antioxidants such as flavonoid, phenol, lycopene, β Carotene and ascorbic acid in P. ostreatus were found to be high in value. Overall, the percentage content of minerals in P. ostreatus was less than 1%, proximate composition was 33.64% and antioxidants was 66.16%. This showed that P. ostreatus had a high content of antioxidants, moderate amount of proximate composition and low amount of minerals. As P. ostreatus contains low calorific value and very high content of antioxidants, dietary fibres and minerals, it can therefore be said to be potentially good for medicinal purposes especially among the vegetarian consumers

Synchronous Cycle of Available Phosphorus, Iron, and Sulfur in the Sediment of Lancang River Reservoirs

Large-scale deep reservoirs associated with hydropower cascade development are known to influence the cycle of phosphorus (P). However, there is scarce information on the fractions and availability of P in sediments of large-scale deep reservoirs constructed due to hydropower cascade development. In this study, we researched the fractions and release mechanism of P in the sediments of large-scale deep reservoirs by analyzing the fractions and availability of P in the sediments of the Xiaowan (XW) and Nuozhadu (NZD) reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River (China). According to the results, there is a significant difference in the P fractions in the sediments of the XW and NZD reservoirs, but not for the available P in the sediments. Compared to the NZD reservoir, there was less solid bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in the sediments of the XW reservoir, but the replenishment degree of active solid phase P into pore water was higher in the XW. There was a significant positive correlation between the available P and the BAP; the Fe/P ratio measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films reflects the control of active iron (oxyhydr) oxides over labile P in the sediments. In addition to the reductive dissolution of iron-bound P, the release of P into the large deep reservoirs may be related to factors such as the sulfate reduction and the degradation of organic materials. The P cycling in deep reservoir sediments is mainly controlled by the Fe, and there is a clear spatial distribution of this mechanism in deep reservoirs.

Investigation of Nasturtium officinale R.Br. and Mentha aquatica L. taxa reaction in different lead element concentrations

In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and physiological effects of agricultural activities and lead pollution on Nasturtium officinale and Mentha aquatica macrophytes living in Umurbey Stream (Çanakkale), and also the competition between plants in this region was investigated. Macrophytes were collected between May-June 2016 from the lower part of Gökköy Passage, which is covered with orchards on both sides of Çanakkale province, Umurbey district, Umurbey Stream. The macrophytes were left in the nutrient solution for 3 days for the adaptation process. In the first stage, the effect of lead contamination on the morphology and physiology of macrophyte species was investigated in a single culture at 1, 5 and 10 ppm Pb concentrations. Then, the competitiveness of two macrophyte species at an intermediate dose of 5 ppm Pb in a mixed culture was examined. In addition to the amount of, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, free proline, protein, total phenolic compound amount, adsorbed lead amount and total potassium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium amounts were examined. P, Fe, Mg, K, Pb and protein content reached the highest level at the dose of 5 ppm Pb where N. officinale was affected the most morphologically. At the same time, N officinale minimized the photosynthetic pigment and free proline levels at this dose. The dose at which M. aquatica was most affected morphologically was 10 ppm Pb dose. P, Fe, Mg and K contents of M. aquatica at that dose reached the highest value. This study proved that M. aquatica was morphologically and physiologically more resistant in two control groups where there was no lead stress and aquatic plants were grown together. Morphologically and physiologically, it has been shown that N. officinale was more combative when lead was applied as stress. With this study, it was determined that watercress is a good lead accumulator by adsorbing more than twice the lead amount absorbed by water mint.

Implementation of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Based on The Classification of Food Ingredients Content of Nutritional Substances

Health is something very precious. Maintaining health can be done in many ways, one of them by keeping your diet. The correct diet will keep your immune system so that it can avoid various diseases. The proper diet will also put the body in a balanced nutrition state, which all need to be nourished. Nutrient requirements include calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C with a mass of 100 grams each. To facilitate the search for nutrients needed, then build a system that can categorize food based on its nutritional status and calculate the average value of nutrients in agglomerative hierarchical clustering using average linkage. Calculation of intermediate linkage methods produces data that has some similarities to the data sought nutrients that can be seen from its index, so precise data are in each group.

Mineral digestibility of different animal sources for the silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi

This study aimed to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, and minerals of marine fish meal (MFM), salmon meal (SM), tilapia by-product meal (TBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), blood meal (BM), and feather meal (FM) by silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi. Groups of 12 fish were fed the experimental diet three times a day until apparent satiation, and the fecal samples were collected from an accumulation device. SM and PBM exhibited the highest digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, while MBM and FM presented significantly lower ADCs for dry matter. BM and FM exhibited higher ADCs for phosphorus, 65.05 and 63.87%, respectively. The ADCs for calcium were 58.8% for MFM, 56.69% for TBM, and 60.08% for PBM. PBM and FM had the highest iron ADCs, 44.01 and 46.29%, respectively. Magnesium ADCs ranged from 44.87% for MBM to 75.50% for TBM. BM had the highest digestibility for zinc (62.77%), whereas MBM (36.68%) and FM (39.39%) had the lowest. In general, SM and PBM showed higher values as feedstuffs for silver catfish feeds. At the same time, the digestibility was lower for TBM and MBM for macronutrients and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc.