Manajemen Keperawatan Pencegahan Covid-19, Menjaga Imunitas Saat Puasa pada Non Communicable Disease dan Pengobatan Gratis

Health education about Covid-19 preventive nursing management, maintain immunity while fasting in non-communicable diseases, and medication activities had a purpose to make the community in the village of Karang Jompo have proficiency in: (1) increase knowledge about Covid-19 preventive nursing management,maintain immunity while fasting in non-communicable diseases; (2) increase awareness to apply the Covid 19 prevention protocol (3) increase awareness of the disease; (4) increase awareness for treatment to health service. Implementation of activities carried out by health education, vital sign assessment, medication, and blood test. The result of this community service activity was that most of the respondents, namely 89% knew how to prevent the transmission of Covid 19, 68%knew how to transmit the Covid-19 virus, 77%knew how to use the correct mask, 70%knew how to wash their hands properly, 75%knew how to make a proper home disinfectant. Most of the respondents, 36%, complained of fever, shortness of breath, nausea, itching, insomnia and anorexia and 25% had a history of muscle and joint pain.It is hoped that the community can apply the knowledge gained in daily life to avoid the transmission of the Covid-19 Virus.Keywords:Community empowerment; health education; medication; covid-19 AbstrakPendidikan kesehatan tentang manajemen keperawatan pencegahan Covid-19, upaya menjaga imunitas saat puasa pada Non Communcable Disease (NCD) dan pengobatan bertujuan untuk : (1) meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai manajemen keperawatan pencegahan Covid-19, upaya menjaga imunitas saat puasa pada Non Communcable Disease (NCD); (2) meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat unuk menerapkan protokol pencegahan Covid-19; (3) meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap penyakit yang dideritanya;(4) meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk berobat ke pelayanan kesehatan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan yaitu pendidikan kesehatan, pemeriksaan tanda vital, pengobatan, dan tes darah.Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah sebagian besar responden yaitu 89% mengetahui cara pencegahan penularan Covid 19, 68% mengetahui cara penularan Virus Covid-19, 77% mengetahui cara menggunakan masker yang benar, 75% mengetahui cara membuat disinfektan di rumah yang benar. Sebagian besar responden yaitu 36% mengeluh demam, sesak nafas, mual, gatal-gatal, insomnia dan anoreksia dan 25% mempunyai riwayat penyakit nyeri otot dan sendi.Diharapkan masyarakat dapat menerapkan ilmu yang didapat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar terhindar dari penularan Virus Covid-19.Kata kunci : Pengabdian masyarakat; pendidikan kesehatan, pengobatan, covid-19

Association between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Plant-based diets, characterized by a higher consumption of plant foods and a lower consumption of animal foods, are associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence regarding the association between plant-based diets and CVD (including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) incidence remain inconclusive. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases through December 2020 to identify prospective observational studies that examined the associations between plant-based diets and CVD incidence among adults. A systematic review and a meta-analysis using random effects models and dose–response analyses were performed. Ten studies describing nine unique cohorts were identified with a total of 698,707 participants (including 137,968 CVD, 41,162 CHD and 13,370 stroke events). Compared with the lowest adherence, the highest adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CVD (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.79–0.89) and CHD (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.94), but not of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73–1.03). Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful PDI scores were associated with a reduced CVD risk. These results support the claim that diets lower in animal foods and unhealthy plant foods, and higher in healthy plant foods are beneficial for CVD prevention. Protocol was published in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021223188).

COVID-19 Perception, Attitude, and Communication (COVPAC) Survey; the Value of Perceived Risk to Adherence

Aim: An understanding of the following; the level of knowledge, perception, attitudes, and the nature of risk communication to a population is important to national efforts at disease control in a situation of epidemic and pandemic. To this end, it was aimed to provide insight on the knowledge, perception, and attitude towards coronavirus disease-19 prevention, particularly, towards communication and adherence to protocols. The survey was carried out during the second wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections and the reopening of schools in the country. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional online survey with a self-administered Knowledge-Attitude-Practise questionnaire was conducted between January and February 2021. Overall, two hundred and eight (208) cohorts were reached via WhatsApp by a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Results: Although, the demographic information was generally unbiased, the educational level showed that the findings were mainly skewed towards the high-end of the educated in Ghana. It was evident that there were non-coronavirus disease-19 related prevention actions that complemented the COVID-19 prevention protocol. Additionally, self-driven factors were the least source of motivation to adhering to prevention protocols, while other people’s behaviour and new COVID-19 related information and related risk of harm to pupils were the most motivating factors on the perceptions on adherence to the prevention protocols. Conclusion: The study provides useful insights on a section of the population that is the high-end of the expectations on adherence. This, therefore, forms a useful basis for what should be expected among the general population and for newer prevention actions such as the ongoing vaccination campaigns.

The Relationship of Knowledge of The Covid and Prevention Protocol In Students of SDIT Al-Madinah To Compliance With The Covid and Prevention Protocol

Background: The health problem that is currently in the spotlight and attention of the world is the Covid-19 disease. Covid-19 disease not only affects adults, but also affects children. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report shows that children and adolescents are more at risk for complications related to COVID-19. From the data collected from February to July 2020, it was found that 70% of the 121 cases of children and adolescents who died from diseases related to Covid-19 were aged 10-20 years.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the knowledge of the Covid 19 prevention protocol in SDIT Al students. Medina Against Compliance with Covid 19 prevention protocols.Methods: Quantitative research methods, correlational design, sample size 270 classes 4,5,6 at SDIT Al. Medina Kebumen. Quantitative research method, correlational design, sample size 270 grades 4,5,6 in SDIT Al. Medina Kebumen. Data analysis used statistical test with chi-square test.Results: The results showed that 131 respondents (70.8%) had good knowledge of the covid 19 prevention protocol for SDIT Al Madinah students, 168 respondents (90.8%) were obedient.Conclusion: Research analysis shows that there is a relationship between knowledge of the covid 19 prevention protocol in SDIT Al Madinah students and adherence to the covid 19 prevention protocol. (p = .000 <0.05)

Reducing the risks of proximal and distal shunt failure in adult hydrocephalus: a shunt outcomes quality improvement study

OBJECTIVE Patient outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery, the mainstay treatment for hydrocephalus in adults, are poor because of high shunt failure rates. The use of neuronavigation or laparoscopy can reduce the risks of proximal or distal shunt catheter failure, respectively, but has less independent effect on overall shunt failures. No adult studies to date have combined both approaches in the setting of a shunt infection prevention protocol to reduce shunt failure. The goal of this study was to determine whether combining neuronavigation and laparoscopy with a shunt infection prevention strategy would reduce the incidence of shunt failures in adult hydrocephalic patients. METHODS Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) undergoing VP shunt surgery at a tertiary care institution prior to (pre–Shunt Outcomes [ShOut]) and after (post-ShOut) the start of a prospective continuous quality improvement (QI) study were compared. Pre-ShOut patients had their proximal and distal catheters placed under conventional freehand approaches. Post-ShOut patients had their shunts inserted with neuronavigational and laparoscopy assistance in placing the distal catheter in the perihepatic space (falciform technique). A shunt infection reduction protocol had been instituted 1.5 years prior to the start of the QI initiative. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of shunt failure (including infection) confirmed by standardized criteria indicating shunt revision surgery. RESULTS There were 244 (115 pre-ShOut and 129 post-ShOut) patients observed over 7 years. With a background of shunt infection prophylaxis, combined neuronavigation and laparoscopy was associated with a reduction in overall shunt failure rates from 37% to 14%, 45% to 22%, and 51% to 29% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively (HR 0.44, p < 0.001). Shunt infection rates decreased from 8% in the pre-ShOut group to 0% in the post-ShOut group. There were no proximal catheter failures in the post-ShOut group. The 2-year rates of distal catheter failure were 42% versus 20% in the pre- and post-ShOut groups, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Introducing a shunt infection prevention protocol, placing the proximal catheter under neuronavigation, and placing the peritoneal catheter in the perihepatic space by using the falciform technique led to decreased rates of infection, distal shunt failure, and overall shunt failure.

Use of an intraoperative sodium oxychlorosene–based infection prevention protocol to safely decrease postoperative wound infections after spine surgery

OBJECTIVE Postoperative infection remains prevalent after spinal surgical procedures. Institutional protocols for infection prevention have improved rates of infection after spine surgery. However, prior studies have focused on only elective surgical patients. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a multiinstitutional intraoperative sodium oxychlorosene–based infection prevention protocol for decreasing rate of infection after instrumented spinal surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed at two tertiary care institutions with level I trauma programs, and patients who underwent posterior instrumented spinal fusion between January 1, 2011, and May 31, 2019, were included. Postoperative deep wound infection rates were captured before and after implementation of a multiinstitutional infection prevention protocol. Possible adverse outcomes related to infection prevention techniques were also examined. In addition, consecutive patients treated from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019, were prospectively included in a database to collect preoperative and postoperative spine-specific quality of life measures and to assess the impact of postoperative infection on quality of life. RESULTS A total of 5047 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1043 patients underwent surgery prior to protocol implementation. The infection rate of this cohort (3.5%) decreased significantly after protocol implementation (1.2%, p < 0.001). Postoperative sterile seroma rates did not differ between the preprotocol and postprotocol groups (0.7% vs 0.7%, p = 0.5). In the 1031 patients who underwent surgery between January 2018 and May 2019, the fusion rate was 89.2%. Quality of life outcomes between patients with infection and those without infection were similar, although statistical power was limited owing to the low rate of infection. Notably, 2 of 10 patients who developed deep wound infection died of infection-related complications. CONCLUSIONS An intraoperative sodium oxychlorosene–based infection prevention protocol helped to significantly decrease the rate of infection after spine surgery without negatively impacting other postoperative procedure-related metrics. Postoperative wound infection may be associated with higher-than-expected rate of postoperative mortality.

Hospital complications among older adults: Better processes could reduce the risk of delirium

Using observational data and variation in hospital admissions across days of the week, we examined the association between ED boarding time and development of delirium within 72 hours of admission among patients aged 65+ years admitted to an inpatient neurology ward. We exploited a natural experiment created by potentially exogenous variation in boarding time across days of the week because of competition for the neurology floor beds. Using proportional hazard models adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in a propensity score, we examined the time to delirium onset among 858 patients: 2/3 were admitted for stroke, with the remaining admitted for another acute neurologic event. Among all patients, 81.2% had at least one delirium risk factor in addition to age. All eligible patients received delirium prevention protocols upon admission to the floor and received at least one delirium screening event. While the clinical and social-demographic characteristics of admitted patients were comparable across days of the week, patients with ED arrival on Sunday or Tuesday were more likely to have had delayed floor admission (waiting time greater than 13 hours) and delirium (adjusted HR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.37–1.75). Delayed initiation of delirium prevention protocol appeared to be associated with greater risk of delirium within the initial 72 hours of a hospital admission.