A Decade of Successful Collaborations in Nutritional Compound Process Research and Development

Collaborations between academia and industry are vital for modern industrial research and development projects, combining the best of both worlds to develop sustainable chemical processes. Herein we summarize a number of successful cooperations between DSM Nutritional Products and Swiss academic institutions that have been carried out over approximately the past decade. A wide variety of reactions and processes have been investigated with experts located in Switzerland. New synthetic routes, chemical transformations and reactor concepts have been developed to produce industrially relevant compounds. Additionally the scope of known catalytic systems has been probed and new catalysts showing improved selectivity have been designed, synthesized and tested. We describe how the research was supported by DSM, the parallel in-house investigations and also how the projects were continued and further developed.

Study on the Bonding Mechanism of Copper-Low Carbon Steel for Casting Compounding Process

The casting compounding process for copper-steel composite material has broad prospects of application, but due to the lack of supporting theories (especially the bonding mechanism of copper-steel at high temperatures), it is developing slowly. In this research, copper-steel composite materials for different casting temperatures have been prepared by the casting compound process. The results show that, for the casting compound process, the stable copper-steel transition layer can be formed in a short time, and the bonding of copper and low carbon steel is the result of both the diffusion of Cu in low carbon steel and the dissolution of Fe in molten copper. The diffusion coefficient of Cu in the low carbon steel is mainly concentrated in the range of 4.0 × 10−15–8.0 × 10−14 m2/s. However, for casting compound process of copper-steel, as the temperature rises the thickness of the copper-steel transition layer gradually decreases, while the Fe content in the copper layer gradually increases. At the same time, the analysis of the glow discharge results shows that, during the solid-liquid composite process of copper-steel, the element C in steel has a great influence. As the temperature rises, the segregation of C intensifies seriously; the peak of the C content moves toward the copper side and its value is gradually increases. The segregation of C would reduce the melting point of the steel and cause irregular fluctuations of the diffusion of Cu in low carbon steel. Therefore, a relatively lower molten copper temperature is more conducive to the preparation of copper-steel composite materials.

The Derivational Processes of Coronavirus Related Terms in WHO Website "Mythbusters"

The present research discusses about the derivational process of Coronavirus in WHO website “Mythbusters”. The reason of choosing the topic is because word formation processes occur in various area, including scientific areas. The impact of Coronavirus disease influenced the usage of spesific terms related with Coronavirus. People need to understand the Coronavirus related terms, so that they able to use and understand new terms to help them deliver different kinds of information. This research has the purpose of figuring out what types of derivational word formation of Coronavirus related terms are found in the WHO "Mythbusters." Thus, a morphological approach is used to facilitate the researcher on conducting the analysis. The researcher conducted a qualitative research using content analysis in analyzing the data. Based on the analysis of derivational processes in WHO website “Mythbusters” article, the researcher found 24 coronavirus related terms formed by derivational processes. There are 18 coronavirus related terms formed by derivation process, which consist of 10 nominalizer and 8 adjectivalizer found in the article. The derivational affixes occur in “Mythbusters” are {-ion}, {Anti-}, {-ness}, {-ment}, {-al}, {-ous}, {-ful}, and {-y}. There are 6 coronavirus related term formed by compound process. 5 terms are formed with compound noun process, while the other is formed by compound adjective. Key words: Derivational, Coronavirus, WHO

Changes in caffeine of fermented Liberica coffee beans cv. Liberoid Meranti on roasting levels

One of the varieties of Liberica coffee in Indonesia is the Liberoid Meranti coffee. Fermentation technology and the roasting temperature of Liberica coffee are needed in changing the composition of caffeine in coffee beans. The aim of this research was to see the caffeine content of the Liberica coffee beans cv. Liberoid Meranti fermented by hydrolytic bacteria on levels at a light, medium, and dark roasting temperatures. Coffee fermentation was carried out using the wet processing method and a roasting temperature of 150oC, 175oC, 200oC, and caffeine analysis was carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The data obtained from each parameter based on roasting levels were processed using the statistical application of Minitab version 16 for Windows and analyzed using ANOVA with a level of 5%. If there is a significant difference from the F-test result (p<0.05), then proceed with the post hoc test. The results showed that all samples contain large amounts of caffeine with various concentrations. The level concentration of caffeine in light roast samples in the range of 10,80 ppm-12,52 ppm, medium roast samples in the range of 11,46 ppm-14,08 ppm, and dark roast samples in the range of 14,49 ppm-16,94 ppm. The caffeine content in fermented Liberica coffee bean experienced a significant difference. The fermentation and roasting process of coffee beans is a complex compound process that can cause changes in caffeine levels.

Applying, Enforcing, and Implementing European Union Rules

Making decisions is a complex and often problem-ridden process in a union of almost 30 member states. Most political science research hence discusses aspects of either decision-making or contents of specific EU policies. However, intricacies do not end when the governments and the European Parliament come to an agreement about, for example, regulative standards in a given policy. In actual fact, it is all but clear that the rules decided on the top layer of the European multi-level system will be implemented on the lower levels, ranging from the central governments of member states down to local communities. Multi-facetted issues related to the actual practice of implementing EU rules, and the Commission’s tough job in controlling this compound process, need to be addressed, while also evaluating the social science coverage of the topic. Research has a strong bias toward looking into the early phases of the implementation of EU law as opposed to the later ones, a trend which has only somewhat softened in the “new school” of relevant studies. A hardly researched but increasingly relevant factor in non-compliance with EU law is unwillingness by national governments. Therefore, it is important to consider the state of the rule of law in several member states and democratic backsliding—both essential for a healthy European integration process.

Kosakata Serapan Bahasa Jepang dalam KBBI: Analisis Struktur dan Makna

This papper aims to describing loan words of Japanese language in KBBI (Indonesian Dictionary). The research approach uses structural analysis which assumes that part of speech or vocabulary could be described through its structural characteristic. Besides that, the writer uses supporting theory like lexical and grammatical meaning. Moreover, the analysis method is using descriptive analysis in order to describe empirically based on situation or facts that existed and explained. The main data is Indonesian Dictionary . The result of analysis shows that: (1) Morphological structure of Japanese language vocabulary in Indonesian Dictionary consists of two, base form and derivation form. Base form is Japanese language words that have been absorbed in Indonesian language (found in Indonesian Dictionary) and could be the base of derived form, whilst derivation form is Japanese vocabulary that has undergone affixation process (prefix ber- and pe-) or compound process that combines loan words of Japanese language and Indonesian words. (2) There are three part of speech of Japanese language found in Indonesian Dictionary. Namely; noun, verb, and adjective. (3) The meaning of the words exposed in analysis is lexical and grammatical meaning. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan masalah kosakata serapan bahasa Jepang dalam KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia).Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis struktural yang dapat mendeskripsikan kelas kata atau kosakata melalui ciri strukturalnya. Selain itu, penulis juga menggunakan paradigma yang mendukung teori makna leksikal dan makna gramatikal. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan secara empiris berdasarkan situasi atau fakta yang ada dan memaparkan dengan apa adanya. Sumber data utama berasal dari KBBI (2016). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) struktur morfologi kosakata bahasa Jepang dalam KBBI ada dua, yaitu struktur kata dasar dan struktur kata turunan. Kata dasar tersebut adalah kosakata bahasa Jepang yang telah diserap dalam bahasa Indonesia (menjadi penghuni KBBI) dan dapat menjadi dasar bentukan kata, sedangkan kata turunan adalah kosakata bahasa Jepang yang dapat atau telah melewati proses afiksasi (prefiks ber- dan pe-) atau telah melewati proses pemajemukan yaitu penggabungan kosakata serapan bahasa Jepang dengan kosakata bahasa Indonesia. (2) Kelas kata bahasa Jepang dalam KBBI ada tiga, yaitu nomina, verba, dan adjektiva. (3) Makna kata yang terungkap dalam analisis adalah makna leksikal dan makna gramatikal.

Improvement of Corrosion Behavior of Nanostructured Ni Coating by Jet Electrodeposition and Laser Remelting

An effective method to improve corrosion resistance for the nickel coating on the stainless steel(1Cr18Ni9) is described. The nickel coating was predeposited on the 1Cr18Ni9 by using the jet electrodeposition technology. Then the laser remelting was conducted on the predeposited Ni coating in order to strengthen the coating’s microstructure and the interface between the substrate and the Ni coating. The experimental results revealed that, at current density of 40 A/dm2, the deposited coating had the optimal corrosion resistance because of refined grains and dense interior-structure. After laser remelting, the bonding state between the coating and substrate evolved to a new metallurgical combination from originally mechanical combination. The corrosion rate comparison indicated that Ni coating with compound process of jet electrodeposition and laser remelting had higher corrosion resistance compared with bare 1Cr18Ni9 as well as jet electrodeposited Ni coating.