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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan ◽  
Heydar Ali Balou ◽  
Somayeh Pourabdollahy ◽  
Azin Vakilpour ◽  
Arsalan Salari ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khodadadi ◽  
Tarokh Maleki Roozbahani ◽  
Mercedeh Taheri ◽  
Fatemeh Ganji ◽  
Mohsen Nasseri

Abstract Against the paramount role of actual evapotranspiration (ET) in hydrological modeling, determining its values is mixed with different sources of uncertainties. In addition, estimation of ET with energy-based methods (e.g., METRIC) leads to different results with various acceptable initial and boundary conditions (such as land use and cold/hot pixels). The aim of the current research is to allow the uncertainty effects of ET as an interval-based input variable in hydrological modeling. The goal is achieved via feeding the uncertainty of computed ET values to the developed Interval-Based Water Balance (IBWB) model in terms of gray values. To this purpose, the comprehensive monthly water balance model (including surface and groundwater modules) has been revised to a new interval-based form. Moreover, the METRIC model has been used 20 times in each month of computational period to calculate the ET patterns with different hot/cold pixels to provide monthly ensemble ET values. For a comprehensive assessment, the selected water balance model has been calibrated with ensemble means of the computed ET with its classical type. The study area is a mountainous sub-basin of the Sefidrood watershed, Ghorveh-Dehgolan basin, with three alluvial aquifers in the North of Iran. Not only the paradigm shift from determinist to interval-based hydrologic structure improved the statistical metrics of the models’ responses, but also it decreased the uncertainty of the simulated streamflow and groundwater levels.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Alyeh Besharati ◽  
◽  
Alia Saberi ◽  
Samaneh Ghorbani Shirkouhi ◽  
Ali Ashraf ◽  
...  

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that may occur after infections. As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may bring about GBS, it is important to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on this disease Objectives: This study aimed to compare the distribution and characteristics of GBS during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic referral hospital in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study assessed GBS distribution and characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic period (from March 2020 to the end of February 2021) and before the pandemic (from March 2019 to the end of February 2020) on 5340 patients referred to the Neurology Ward of Poursina Hospital of Guilan Province, in Iran. Results: There was no significant difference between GBS distribution during (0.03%) and before (0.04%) the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.413). There were also no differences between the two periods regarding the gender (P=0.659) and age (P=0.417) of the patients. The most common subtype of GBS during the COVID-19 pandemic was Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) (71.4%). In both periods, the most common type of treatment was intravenous administration of immune globulin. There was no significant difference between the two periods (P=0.838) regarding the patients’ treatment response. Conclusion: The distribution of GBS, its subtypes, type of treatment, and response to treatment were not different between the two study periods.


2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (01/2022) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Hosseini ◽  
Seyed Mousavi ◽  
Daniel Zamanfar ◽  
S. Hashemi-Soteh
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Abbas Dabbaghzadeh ◽  
Javad Ghaffari ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani-Charati ◽  
Marziyeh Mohammadi Kordkheyli ◽  
Fatemeh Pouresmaeil

Background and Aims: Allergic disorders such as asthma, urticaria, eczema, and allergic rhinitis are common worldwide, and allergens are the most common etiology and exacerbating factors. So, This study aimed to find the allergens in these patients with skin prick tests. Materials and Methods: All the allergic cases referred to an allergic clinic in the north of Iran were visited by an allergist and clinical immunologist. Based on patient history, physical examination, and diagnosis, we select food allergens and aeroallergens. A standard skin prick test was performed on all patients, and all data was then analyzed SPSS 20. Results: Two thousand one hundred and twenty-eight cases entered the study with a mean age of 27.65 ± 15.52 years old. 1235 (58.04%) females and 893 males (41.96%) participated in this study. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, and eczema were 717 (33.7%), 611 (28.8%), 550 (25.8%), and 250 (11.7%), respectively. The most common aeroallergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (75.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus  (65.4%), feather (56.1%), and Candida (51.1%), respectively, in all patients. The most common food allergens were egg white (31.1%), cacao (29.7%), and egg yolk (28.9%), respectively, in all cases. Conclusion: Both aeroallergens and food allergens were the most common in all allergens by skin prick test. Therefore, it is important to find the relationship between sensitization and allergy.


Author(s):  
Samaneh Mirzaei Dahka ◽  
Saman Maroufizadeh ◽  
Moluk Pouralizadeh ◽  
Tahereh Zahedsefat ◽  
Mehrdad Ghanbarpoor Ganjari ◽  
...  

Objective: Nurses exposed to COVID-19 could be psychologically stressed. The present study investigated the mental health and the resilience level in the nurses’ population. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 432 nurses in 27 hospitals working in Guilan province, north of Iran, between April 29, to May 14, 2020. Mental health and resilience were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Hierarchical multiple linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with mental health. Results: The mean GHQ-12 and CD-RISC-10 scores were 15.72 (SD, 5.67) and 25.97 (SD, 6.88), respectively. Probable psychological distress (GHQ-12 score ≥ 15) was present in 57.2% of nurses. Among demographic and COVID-19-related variables, only educational level was significantly and negatively correlated with mental health. After controlling the variables, hierarchical regression analyses results showed that lower resilience was associated with poor mental health (β = -0.49; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the nurses’ mental health, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention is necessary, and resilience can play a role as a mental health promoter.


Chemotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hao Ying ◽  
Trias Mahmudiono ◽  
Tawfeeq Alghazali ◽  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset ◽  
Parand Khadivar ◽  
...  

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Emergence and prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) have become a major universal health concern, limiting therapeutic options. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total number of 37 MRSA isolates, including 19 clinical isolates from hospitalized patients and 18 colonizing isolates from health care workers were identified from 3 hospitals, in Gorgan, North of Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test. The presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants were evaluated by PCR. The genotypical characterization was further analyzed using multi-locus sequence, <i>spa</i>, staphylococcal cassette chromosome, <i>mec</i> (SCC<i>mec)</i>, and <i>agr</i> typing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The frequency of MRSA among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates was 38.14% (37/97). The most frequent <i>S. aureus</i> resistant isolates were found to be obstinate against penicillin (98%) and gentamicin (82.5%). Additionally, the lowest resistance rates were found against daptomycin (0%), vancomycin (2.7%), and quinupristin-dalfopristin (5.4%). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50/MIC90 of 0.25/0.5 μg/mL. One isolate belonging to sequence type 239 (ST239)-SCC<i>mec</i>III/t037 clone (MIC ≥16 μg/mL) was resistant to vancomycin. All but 1 isolate that shares ST22-SCC<i>mec</i> IV/t790 strain were positive for both <i>tsst</i> and <i>pvl</i> genes. The most predominant MRSA isolates (27%) were associated with ST239-SCC<i>mec</i> III/t037, and ST239-SCC<i>mec</i> III/t924 (16.2%) clones, subsequently. In our study, circulating MRSA strains were genetically diverse with a high prevalence of ST239-SCC<i>mec</i> III/t037 clone. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings emphasize the need for future and continuous surveillance studies on MRSA to prevent the dissemination of existing multidrug resistance MRSA clones in an effective manner.


BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan ◽  
Arezoo Rezazadeh ◽  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Yasaman Khorshidi ◽  
Mohammadreza Naghipour ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Dietary supplements (DSs) use have become a growing trend worldwide, and it may be affected by demographic and sociocultural factors. Some people use supplements with the thought that they can improve their health, reduce symptoms and prevent disease. The aim of the present study was to define the frequency of DS use and its association with socioeconomic factors among participants with selected main non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) (diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), cancers, and obesity in the north of Iran. Methods This large cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study. Supplement use during last year and its type, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits were asked by face-to-face interview. The history of chronic disease was defined by a trained team. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The chance of supplement use according to demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables and history of chronic disease was analyzed by logistic regression. Results 10,520 men and women aged 35–70 years in Some’e Sara County (including urban regions and 39 villages) were studied. About 25% of participants consumed DSs. The highest consumption of DS was calcium/vitamin D (11.1%), ferrous sulfate (8.8%), and vitamin D pearl or ampoule (7.7%). The highest percent of the history of chronic disease was central obesity (62.7%), HTN (43.2%), and general obesity (32.7), respectively. After adjustment for confounders, those with female gender, the highest age ranges (55–65 and > 65 years), high academic education, living in urban regions, and good economic status were more likely to be DSs consumers; however, married and smoker subjects were more likely to consume DS. Participants who had a history of diabetes, HTN, CVD, Obesity, and Central Obesity were more likely to intake DS in comparison with healthy subjects. Conclusion This study showed that a quarter of the participants were DS users. Female sex, older age groups, and higher educated participants, and among chronic disease, patients with HTN, CVD, and diabetes were more likely to be users of any DS.


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