Markers of kidney tubular and interstitial injury and function among sugarcane workers with cross-harvest serum creatinine elevation

ObjectivesSerum creatinine (SCr) is a routine marker of kidney injury but also increases with dehydration and muscular work. This study was to elucidate whether increase in SCr is associated with more specific markers of kidney tubular and interstitial injury and function, during prolonged heat stress among workers at high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt).MethodsUrine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), calbindin, glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π), clusterin, interleukin 18 and albumin, fractional excretion of potassium (FEK), blood haemoglobin, serum potassium, ferritin and erythropoietin were measured before and after harvest in a sample of 30 workers with a ≥0.3 mg/dL SCr increase across harvest (cases), and 53 workers with stable SCr (controls).ResultsUrine MCP-1 (p for differential cross-harvest trend <0.001), KIM-1 (p=0.002), calbindin (p=0.02), GST-π (p=0.04), albumin (p=0.001) and FEK (p<0.001) increased in cases, whereas blood haemoglobin (p<0.001) and serum erythropoietin (p<0.001) decreased.ConclusionSeveral markers of tubular and interstitial injury and function changed as SCr increased across a harvest season, supporting the use of SCr as an indicator of kidney injury in physically active workers regularly exposed to heat stress. Repeated injury similar to that described here, and continued work under strenuous and hot conditions with similarly elevated injury markers is likely to worsen and possibly initiate CKDnt.

Effect of maternal anemia on cord blood haemoglobin of newborn

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is linked to major maternal and fetal problems. The aim of the study was to find any correlation between maternal anemia and neonatal cord blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of pediatrics and department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki over 9 months from January 2021 to September 2021. A total of 308 pregnant females more than 34 weeks of gestation who delivered participated in the study and cord blood hemoglobin of their new-born was collected. The mean maternal hemoglobin and mean cord blood hemoglobin were compared using the Pearson correlation coefficient in different groups i.e., non-anemic, anemic, mild, moderate, and severe anemic groups. Results: Out of 308 pregnant women, 198 (64.3%) were anemic, and 110 (35.7%) were nonanemic. The mean maternal hemoglobin among non-anemic mothers and anemic mothers was 11.91 (0.70) and 9.14 (1.56) respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient of non-anemic, anemic, mild, moderate, and severe anemic groups were 0.6985, 0.8453, 0.7772, 0.6321, and 0.7226 respectively with a statistically significant p value<0.05 showing a positive correlation between maternal hemoglobin and cord hemoglobin.Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that maternal anemia affects neonatal cord blood hemoglobin. According to the findings, anemic women deliver new-born with lower hemoglobin levels than non-anemic mothers. The findings revealed a linear correlation between maternal hemoglobin and cord blood hemoglobin of their new-born.

Progressive evaluation in spectroscopic sensors for non-invasive blood haemoglobin analysis - a review

Frequent monitoring of haemoglobin concentration is highly recommended by physicians to diagnose anaemia and polycythemia Vera. Moreover, Some other conditions also demand assessment of haemoglobin, and these conditions are blood loss, before blood donation, during pregnancy, preoperative, perioperative and postoperative conditions. Cyanmethaemoglobin/haemiglobincyanide method, portable haemoglobinometers and haematology analyzers are few standard methods to diagnose mentioned ailments. However, discomfort, delay and risk of infection are typical limitations of traditional measuring solutions. These limitations create the necessity to develop a non-invasive haemoglobin monitoring technique for a better lifestyle. Various methods and products are already developed and popular due to their non-invasiveness; however, invasive solutions are still considered as the reference standard method. Therefore, this review summarizes the attributes of existing non-invasive solutions. These attributes are finalized as brief details, accuracy, optimal benefits, and research challenges for exploring potential gaps, advancements and possibilities to consider as futuristic alternative methodologies. Non-invasive total haemoglobin assessing techniques are mainly based on optical spectroscopy (reflectance/transmittance) or digital photography or spectroscopic imaging in spot check/continuous monitoring mode. In all these techniques, we have noticed that there is a need to consider different light conditions, motion artefacts, melanocytes, other blood constituents, smoking and precise fixing of the sensor from the sensing spot for exact formulation. Moreover, based on careful and critical analysis of outcomes, none of these techniques or products is used independently or intended to replace invasive laboratory testing. Therefore there is a requirement for a more accurate technique that can eliminate the requirement of blood samples and likely end up as a reference standard method.

Case Report on Mild Anemia and Gastritis due to Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine (ZLN) Regimen

AIDS is a deadly syndrome in which Highly Active Anti-retroviral therapy is used to reduce the viral load. However these anti-retroviral drugs are supposed to cause several adverse drug reaction. There are several studies that report anemia with Zidovudine and gastrointestinal symptoms with Lamivudine. In this report, We present a case of a 38 year old female patient suffering from HIV infection who is suspected to drug induced anemia and gastritis due to Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine combination (ZLN) regimen. The relationship between the administered drug regimen and the suspected ADR’s was found using causality assessment. Severity, predictability and probability was also found for the suspected ADR’s. We need to monitor the HIV patients who are under ZLN regimen for their blood haemoglobin and gastrointestinal symptoms.

UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Observation to Find Appropriate Wavelength for Non-Invasive Blood Haemoglobin Level Measurement Optical Device

The wavelength convention for non-invasive blood hemoglobin measurement remains inconclusive. This experimental observation to find the appropriate wavelength candidate of LED for non-invasive blood hemoglobin level measurement optical device in 200 nm to 900 nm range. This observation ran in Prodia Kedoya and Biochemistry Lab, Universitas Krida Wacana, West Jakarta, in July 2019. The blood samples were obtained from 10 randomly selected consenting non blinded, healthy adult subjects between 18 and 60 years old. Each blood sample was diluted using double distilled water and measured absorbance using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Then it compared to blood hemoglobin level by standard gold measurement from Prodia Kedoya. The result shows functional group found in human Hb is C=O. Appropriate wavelengths were obtained based on the Pearson correlation, standard deviation, and human skin pigment, which are 525 nm, 550 nm, and 570 nm. Then the measurement of Hb levels is carried out at the selected wavelength and processed using a ZunZunSite3 to get the mapping data of Hb level from ten respondents. Root mean square error from the measurement. The error obtained is minimal, which indicates that the wavelength used is suitable for measuring the Hb level. Ethical Clearance: 076/IT3.KEPMSM-IPB/SK/2018.

A Study of the Clinico-Haematological Profile and Therapeutic Management of Acute Babesiosis in A Cross-Bred Jersey Cow

Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia. It causes haemolytic anaemia, fever, and occasionally hemoglobinuria, as well as death. A cross-bred jersey cow, aged 6 years, was brought to the Government Veterinary Hospital in Cheruthuruthy with symptoms of fever, anorexia, passing coffee-colored urine, and low milk yield. Babesia spp. is found in all the cows after blood smears were examined. Although their sensitivity and specificity are reduced, microscopy detection methods are still the cheapest and fastest methods for identifying Babesia parasites. Hb, PCV, and TEC levels were found to be lower in haematological studies. Hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, BUN, AST, and hypoprotienemia were discovered in the blood. Haemoglobin, glucose, and bile pigments were found in the urine. The cow was successfully treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil) at 2.5 mg/kg body weight in conjunction with supportive treatment.

A clinical evaluation of VO2 kinetics in kidney transplant recipients

Purpose Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease, partly due to alterations at the muscular and microvascular level. This study evaluated oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics as indicator of muscular oxidative metabolism in a population of Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTRs). Methods Two groups of KTRs enrolled 3 (n = 21) and 12 months (n = 14) after transplantation and a control group of healthy young adults (n = 16) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on cycle-ergometer. The protocol consisted in two subsequent constant, moderate-load exercise phases with a final incremental test until exhaustion. Results The time constant of VO2 kinetics was slower in KTRs at 3 and 12 months after transplantation compared to controls (50.4 ± 13.1 s and 43.8 ± 11.6 s vs 28.9 ± 8.4 s, respectively; P < 0.01). Peak VO2 was lower in KTRs evaluated 3 months after transplantation compared to patients evaluated after 1 year (21.3 ± 4.3 and 26.4 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; P = 0.04). Blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was higher in KTRs evaluated at 12 months (12.8 ± 1.7 vs 14.6 ± 1.7 g/dL; P < 0.01). Among KTRs, τ showed a moderate negative correlation with Peak VO2 (ρ = − 0.52) and Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) (r = − 0.57) while no significant correlation with Hb and peak heart rate. Conclusions KTRs show slower VO2 kinetics compared to healthy controls. Hb and peak VO2 seem to improve during the first year after transplantation. VO2 kinetics were significantly associated with indices of cardiorespiratory fitness, but less with central determinants of aerobic capacity, thus suggesting a potential usefulness of adding this index of muscular oxidative metabolism to functional evaluation in KTRs.

Efek Pemberian Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada Pakan terhadap Gambaran Hemoglobin Sapi Ongole

The Miracle Tree has been known as a plant that contains complete nutrition which has anti-anaemia properties. This study aims to study the effect of adding Moringa to feed on the image of blood haemoglobin in cattle, especially Sumba Ongole cattle. The study was conducted in 2017, at the Integrated Dryland Laboratory of the University of Nusa Cendana and the Health Laboratory of the East Nusa Tenggara Province Health Service. The sample in this study were 12 Sumba Ongole cattle aged 2-3 years with a bodyweight of 210.5 kg- 249 kg. Treatments on cattle were divided into 4 groups. The results of the study showed that the haemoglobin level on day 0 of each treatment was still within normal limits. On days 25 and 50, each treatment was in the normal range of haemoglobin levels. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that statistically giving Moringa flour to the feed had a significant effect on the haemoglobin levels of Ongole cattle.