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2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233
Author(s):  
Kevin Tjoa ◽  
Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽  
Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world’s third most cancer and the second highest mortality rate. The searching for new anti-inflammation substances with less adverse effects than aspirin for chemoprevention and adjuvant chemotherapy of CRC is running. The most notable one is fish oil containing omega 3. Kusmardi, et al. studied that industrial waste fish oil omega-3 level comes close enough to conventional fish oil industry. Study aims to reducing the level IL-6 on mice colon tissue being induced CRC using AOM/DSS by fish oil administration. Thirty male Swiss Webster mice are grouped into six treatments: positive control (aspirin), negative control (physiological saline), normal, high dose (fish oil 6mg/kgBW), medium dose (fish oil 3mg/kgBW), dan solvent control (corn oil). Colon tissue was stained using anti IL-6 antibody. Ten photos per slide were taken by microscope (400x), analyzed for the IL-6 expression by ImageJ®, and quantified for H-score. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0 (CI 95%) and p-value <0.05 is consider significant. Data are not normally distributed with median of 161.64 (119.4-260.67). Kruskal-Wallis test is significant in addition with Mann-Whitney test shows only high dose group has significant difference to negative control (p=0.008), medium dose (p=0.016) dan and solvent control (p=0.008). No significant difference reported between high dose and positive control group (p=0.69). High dose industrial waste fish oil can lower IL-6 expression in mice colon tissue induced CRC using AOM/DSS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 935-935
Author(s):  
Jennifer Thies ◽  
Guy A Caldwell ◽  
Kim A Caldwell ◽  
Hanna Kim

Abstract Only 5-10% of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) cases have a direct genetic origin; however, exposure to herbicides, pesticides, and interactions with soil are potential risk factors. PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the formation of protein inclusions that contain α-synuclein (α-syn). Conversely, a soil bacterium, Streptomyces venezuelae (S. ven), produces a secondary metabolite that causes age- and dose- dependent DA neurodegeneration in C. elegans; it also exacerbates α-syn-induced DA neurodegeneration. Previous studies from our lab determined that exposure to the S. ven metabolite caused oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we report that exposure to S. ven metabolite causes a hormetic effect on C. elegans lifespan, where low concentrations (5X) extend lifespan in N2 animals, but at higher concentrations (20X) lifespan is decreased. To further examine this hormetic response, we examined daf-16 mutants in this assay. daf-16 mutants displayed no significant differences between solvent and metabolite at both high and low concentrations, suggesting the hormetic response is daf-16 dependent. We also studied S. ven metabolite on C. elegans aging mutants. We investigated mutants in the AMPK signaling pathway and found when exposed to the 20X concentration of S. ven metabolite, aak-2 mutants displayed no significant difference between solvent and metabolite over lifespan. However, when aak-2 mutants were exposed to solvent control and the 5X concentration, mutants displayed a decreased lifespan. This suggests that functional aak-2 might be important for increased lifespan when combating toxicants following chronic exposure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10478
Author(s):  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Owias Iqbal Dar ◽  
Megha Andotra ◽  
Simran Sharma ◽  
Arvinder Kaur ◽  
...  

Xenobiotic Triclosan (TCS) is of great concern because of its existence in a variety of personal, household and healthcare products and continuous discharge in water worldwide. Excessive use of TCS-containing sanitizers and antiseptic products during the COVID-19 pandemic further increased its content in aquatic ecosystems. The present study deals with the cyto-genotoxic effects and biochemical alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita on exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS. Three-days-old hatchlings were exposed to tap water, acetone (solvent control) and 4 environmentally relevant concentrations (6.3, 12.6, 25.2 and 60 µg/L) of TCS for 14 days and kept for a recovery period of 10 days. The significant concentration-dependent decline in cell viability but increase in micronucleated cells, nucleo-cellular abnormalities (NCAs) and DNA damage parameters like tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment and percent of tail DNA after exposure persisted till the end of recovery period. Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid and urea (except for an increase at 60 µg/L) showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease after 14 days of exposure. The same trend (except for triglycerides, albumin and total bilirubin) continued till 10 days post exposure. In comparison to control, transaminases (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases) increased (p ≤ 0.05) after exposure as well as the recovery period, while a decline in alkaline phosphatase after exposure was followed by a significant increase during the recovery period. The results show that the environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS cause deleterious effects on the hatchlings of L. rohita.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3276-3285
Author(s):  
Shuyan Cai ◽  
Huimin Song ◽  
Haoliang Wu ◽  
Gang Gao ◽  
Jianwei Zheng

A cell is an organic whole containing biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid and protein. Human cells contain about 15,000 proteins, which play an important role in the development of cell life. This article aims to study the effect of phytoestrogens on the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7. The estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells described in this article are grown on average DMEM (containing calf serum 10) and connected to single cell culture. Five days before adding the test product, the cells were washed with PBS and converted into red-free phenol. High-sugar DMEM containing 5 parts of bovine embryo serum was cultured and treated with activated charcoal glucan glycosides. In the experiment, four dose groups of solvent control, estrogen control, anti-estrogens and two test substances were used for control, and the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was analyzed by integration method and flow cytometry. The experimental results in this article show that compared with the solvent control group, GS can significantly inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation and cell DNA synthesis, and G/M can block the cell cycle and produce a similar inhibitory effect. 96mol/L zein treatment for 24 hours can significantly promote MCF-7 cell proliferation and cell DNA composition, promote cell cycle, and increase cell separation and proliferation index.


Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ho Chi Leung ◽  
Catherine Leclerc ◽  
Marc Moreau ◽  
Alan M. Shipley ◽  
Andrew L. Miller ◽  
...  

Summary It has previously been reported that in ex vivo planar explants prepared from Xenopus laevis embryos, the intracellular pH (pHi) increases in cells of the dorsal ectoderm from stage 10.5 to 11.5 (i.e. 11–12.5 hpf). It was proposed that such increases (potentially due to H+ being extruded, sequestered, or buffered in some manner), play a role in regulating neural induction. Here, we used an extracellular ion-selective electrode to non-invasively measure H+ fluxes at eight locations around the equatorial circumference of intact X. laevis embryos between stages 9–12 (˜7–13.25 hpf). We showed that at stages 9–11, there was a small H+ efflux recorded from all the measuring positions. At stage 12 there was a small, but significant, increase in the efflux of H+ from most locations, but the efflux from the dorsal side of the embryo was significantly greater than from the other positions. Embryos were also treated from stages 9–12 with bafilomycin A1, to block the activity of the ATP-driven H+ pump. By stage 22 (24 hpf), these embryos displayed retarded development, arresting before the end of gastrulation and therefore did not display the usual anterior and neural structures, which were observed in the solvent-control embryos. In addition, expression of the early neural gene, Zic3, was absent in treated embryos compared with the solvent controls. Together, our new in vivo data corroborated and extended the earlier explant-derived report describing changes in pHi that were suggested to play a role during neural induction in X. laevis embryos.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 810-818
Author(s):  
Jetske G. de Boer ◽  
Aron P. S. Kuiper ◽  
Joeri Groot ◽  
Joop J. A. van Loon

AbstractAdults of many mosquito species feed on plants to obtain metabolic energy and to enhance reproduction. Mosquitoes primarily rely on olfaction to locate plants and are known to respond to a range of plant volatiles. We studied the olfactory response of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and cis-jasmone (CiJA), volatile compounds originating from the octadecanoid signaling pathway that plays a key role in plant defense against herbivores. Specifically, we investigated how Ae. aegypti of different ages responded to elevated levels of CiJA in two attractive odor contexts, either derived from Lima bean plants or human skin. Aedes aegypti females landed significantly less often on a surface with CiJA and MeJA compared to the solvent control, CiJA exerting a stronger reduction in landing than MeJA. Odor context (plant or human) had no significant main effect on the olfactory responses of Ae. aegypti females to CiJA. Mosquito age significantly affected the olfactory response, older females (7–9 d) responding more strongly to elevated levels of CiJA than young females (1–3 d) in either odor context. Our results show that avoidance of CiJA by Ae. aegypti is independent of odor background, suggesting that jasmonates are inherently aversive cues to these mosquitoes. We propose that avoidance of plants with elevated levels of jasmonates is adaptive to mosquitoes to reduce the risk of encountering predators that is higher on these plants, i.e. by avoiding ‘enemy-dense-space’.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhen Du ◽  
Iskander Douair ◽  
Erli Lu ◽  
John A. Seed ◽  
Floriana Tuna ◽  
...  

AbstractDisproportionation, where a chemical element converts its oxidation state to two different ones, one higher and one lower, underpins the fundamental chemistry of metal ions. The overwhelming majority of uranium disproportionations involve uranium(III) and (V), with a singular example of uranium(IV) to uranium(V/III) disproportionation known, involving a nitride to imido/triflate transformation. Here, we report a conceptually opposite disproportionation of uranium(IV)-imido complexes to uranium(V)-nitride/uranium(III)-amide mixtures. This is facilitated by benzene, but not toluene, since benzene engages in a redox reaction with the uranium(III)-amide product to give uranium(IV)-amide and reduced arene. These disproportionations occur with potassium, rubidium, and cesium counter cations, but not lithium or sodium, reflecting the stability of the corresponding alkali metal-arene by-products. This reveals an exceptional level of ligand- and solvent-control over a key thermodynamic property of uranium, and is complementary to isolobal uranium(V)-oxo disproportionations, suggesting a potentially wider prevalence possibly with broad implications for the chemistry of uranium.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Naomi Manu ◽  
Mark Wesley Schilling ◽  
Thomas Wesley Phillips

The fumigant pesticide methyl bromide (MB) was used for stored products, but it is now banned for most uses in many countries as an ozone-depleting substance. MB was the only pesticide used to manage the ham mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, which is the most significant pest of dry cured hams. Effective alternatives to MB are needed to develop integrated pest management (IPM) programs for this pest. This study evaluated plant essential oils and food-safe compounds as repellents to directly protect hams from infestation. Experiments to assess the repellency to orientation, oviposition, and population growth of mites on pieces of aged country hams were conducted. Test compounds at different concentrations were dissolved in respective solvents and compared to the solvent control. Results showed that C8910, a mixture of three short-chain fatty acids, and the sesquiterpene ketone nootkatone had repellency indices of (RI) of 85.6% and 82.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/cm2, when applied to a Petri dish arena. DEET and icaridin were also tested but performed poorly with RIs below 70% even at 0.1 mg/cm2.The monoterpene alcohol geraniol had the highest RI of 96.3% at 0.04 mg/cm2. Ham pieces dipped in C8910 and nootkatone at 150 ppm each had RIs of 89.3% and 82.8%, respectively. In general, as the concentrations of test compounds increased, the numbers of eggs that were laid on these treated ham cubes decreased after the 48 h exposure time. Ham pieces dipped in different concentrations of test compounds and then inoculated with 20 adult mites showed a significant decrease in mite population growth compared to control pieces after 14 days. The results of these experiments suggest that some plant secondary metabolites and synthetic food-safe compounds could serve as potential alternatives for managing mites on hams.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Shuyan Cai ◽  
Huimin Song ◽  
Haoliang Wu ◽  
Gang Zhi Gao ◽  
Jianwei Zheng

A cell is an organic whole containing biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid and protein. Human cells contain about 15,000 proteins, which play an important role in the development of cell life. This article aims to study the effect of phytoestrogens on the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF - 7. The estrogen - dependent MCF - 7 cells described in this article are grown on average DMEM (containing calf serum 10) and connected to single cell culture. Five days before adding the test product, the cells were washed with PBS and converted into red - free phenol. High - sugar DMEM containing 5 parts of bovine embryo serum was cultured and treated with activated charcoal glucan glycosides. In the experiment, four dose groups of solvent control, estrogen control, anti - estrogens and two test substances were used for control, and the proliferation of MCF - 7 cells was analyzed by integration method and flow cytometry. The experimental results in this article show that compared with the solvent control group, GS can significantly inhibit MCF - 7 cell proliferation and cell DNA synthesis, and G/M can block the cell cycle and produce a similar inhibitory effect. 96mol/L zein treatment for 24 hours can significantly promote MCF - 7 cell proliferation and cell DNA composition, promote cell cycle, and increase cell separation and proliferation index.


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