Reincarnation of MSMEs after the Government's Policy on Economic Recovery Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are experiencing a slump due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is feared that it will be challenging to get back up. At this time, the Indonesian government has issued policies through several ministries, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health, to stabilize the national economy. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the pillars of the national economy, so that this sector needs attention during this pandemic to reincarnate in a better direction. This study aims to find a correlation between government policies and the revival/reincarnation of MSMEs. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed through the MSME group on Facebook. To find Carried out the relationship between the two variables, the Spearman correlation test. The results found that the level of strength of the relationship or correlation was 0.619, indicating that there was a strong correlation between government policies on the Reincarnation of MSMEs and had a unidirectional relationship that showed a positive value so that the better the government's alignment with government policies will further improve the state of the Reincarnation of MSMEs towards positive growth.

A Pilot Study on Immunohistochemical Expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF, and Cox-2 in Advanced Stage Laryngeal Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Progression of laryngeal carcinoma can be classified with the clinical staging, however there are different patterns of progressions observed in the patient with the same clinical stage which also affects their prognoses. Therefore biomarkers should be used. Nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 have been reported for laryngeal carcinoma. However, it is still unclear how these markers are expressed and correlated in advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma. Therefore current study was conducted to investigate the expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF and Cox-2 and their correlations in advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS: Subjects were recruited and laryngeal biopsies were collected, fixed in formalin and prepared for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-NF-kB p65, anti-Cyclin-D12 anti-VEGF, and anti-Cox-2 antibodies. The immunohistochemistry results were documented and measured using ImmunoRatio. Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used based on the results of Shapiro-Wilk test of normality. A p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Twelve male subjects were included in this study. Expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF dan Cox-2 were clearly observed. Mean of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF dan Cox-2 IHC expression levels measured with ImmunoRatio were 57.50±20.06%, 45.00±24.31%, 43.33±17.23% and 40.42±16.98%, respectively. There was significant correlation between the expressions of VEGF dan Cox-2 (p=0.031, r=0.622).CONCLUSION: Since correlation between the VEGF and Cox-2 expressions was statistically significant, VEGF and Cox-2 might have important roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma.KEYWORDS: advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF, Cox-2

Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kesiapan Dokter Gigi dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) can cause respiratory problems and affect all ages. The nature of the transmission and the mortality rate of this viral infection bring about anxiety among health workers, inter alia, dentists because they have a high risk of contracting Covid-19. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and the preparedness of dentists in facing the Covid-19 pandemic. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire that has been structured and tested for its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, as follows: demographic data and levels of anxiety. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately with the Spearman correlation test. There were 276 dentists in Bali as respondents who participated in this study. The results showed that the highest level of anxiety was moderate anxiety (54.3%) and there was a relationship between level of anxiety and the number of screening and patient settings with a p-value of 0.034 (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is a relationship between level of anxiety and the dentist's preparedness in the form of number of screening and patient setting to face the Covid-19 pandemic in Bali.Keywords: Covid-19; dentist; anxiety Abstrak: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan dan menyerang segala rentang usia. Sifat transmisi dan tingkat mortalitas infeksi virus ini menye-babkan kecemasan di kalangan petugas kesehatan, salah satunya dokter gigi karena memiliki risiko tinggi tertular Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dan kesiapan dokter gigi dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 di Bali. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah disusun dan diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Kuesioner dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu data demografi dan tingkat kecemasan dokter gigi. Hasil data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Terdapat 276 dokter gigi di Bali yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecemasan paling tinggi ialah kecemasan sedang (54.3%) dan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan jumlah skrining dan pengaturan pasien dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 di Bali dengan p=0,034 (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan kesiapan dokter gigi yang dinyatakan dalam jumlah skrining dan pengaturan pasien dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 di Bali.Kata kunci: Covid-19; dokter gigi; kecemasan

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the General Population towards COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-sectional Study

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the general population towards coronavirus vaccinations in Pakistan. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Dental Surgery, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Pakistan, between March 2021 and June 2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 individuals who were above 18 years of age. A well-constructed questionnaire consisting of 4 parts (Demographics, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices) was constructed containing informed consent and distributed online. Spearman correlation test was used to analyse knowledge, attitude, and practices towards coronavirus vaccinations. Results: A total of 500 responses were collected from the participants. Most of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding the availability of the vaccines. About 116 (23.2%) participants had contracted the virus. The majority of 308 (61.7%) participants agreed on vaccines to be effective against the virus. Most of the 401 (80.4%) participants were willing to get themselves vaccinated when their turn comes. 265 out of 500 (53.1%) people have been vaccinated against coronavirus. The minority of people assumed a chip inside the vaccine and religious factors as reasons not to get vaccinated. Those residing in urban locations and with increasing age had better knowledge and attitudes towards vaccinations. Conclusion: To control and contain the ongoing pandemic, vaccination against the coronavirus is a must. There is still scope in evaluating and improving the general population’s knowledge regarding the vaccination programs especially in the rural areas where resources and socioeconomic status is weaker.

Correlation between C-Reactive Protein Level and Blood Urea Nitrogen-Creatinine Ratio in COVID-19 Patients

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an inflammation marker that increases significantly in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 can affectkidney function and increase the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)-creatinine ratio. The previous study showed that CRP andBUN-creatinine ratios could be used as predictors of the severity and survival of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed todetermine the correlation between CRP levels and the BUN-creatinine ratio in COVID-19 patients. A retrospectivecross-sectional study was conducted on 34 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed by PCR test at Dr. Kariadi Hospital,Semarang from March to September 2020. The Spearman correlation test was used for statistical analysis. The median CRPvalue was 4.59 (0.36-27.48) mg/L and BUN-creatinine ratio was 15.06 (5.79-37.04), while the correlation between CRP andBUN-creatinine ratio showed p=0.003 and r=0.502. There was a moderate positive correlation between CRP level andBUN-creatinine ratio. C-reactive protein plays a role in the infiltration process of inflammatory cells and increases adhesionmolecules, which can directly or indirectly damage kidney function. SARS-CoV-2 can enter the kidney directly through theACE-2 receptor and activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which will increase water and sodium absorption inthe renal tubules, passive reabsorption of BUN, and creatinine filtration in the glomerulus resulting in increasedBUN-creatinine ratio.

Comparative Intraocular Pressure Study among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health issues in the world. Its microvascular complications contribute to ocular complications including increased intraocular pressure (IOP) which is a risk factor of glaucoma. Identification of factors responsible for glaucoma is a mainstay in the early detection and prevention of blindness. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare IOP among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to assess the correlation between age and IOP. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 104 participants. Patients were divided into two groups based on diabetes (case, n = 52) and non-diabetes (control, n = 52). The detailed history and routine clinical investigations were performed. Three consecutive readings of IOP of the left and right eye were recorded separately using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Wilcox sign-rank test and Spearman-correlation test was used to find the difference between the IOP and correlation between age and IOP, respectively. Results: A significantly higher IOP was observed in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. (0.0001). There was no sex difference in IOP was observed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Age of the patient was not correlated with IOP (r = –0.02197219, P = 0.824). Conclusion: Diabetic patients are prone to higher IOP; therefore, diabetic patients should be regularly assessed for IOP for diagnosis glaucoma.

Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders on Sales Promotion Girl at Cosmetic Stores in Surabaya, Indonesia

Highlight:Standing position duration and shoe characteristics to MSDs's complaints on sales promotion girls at cosmetic stores in Surabaya were analyzed.There was no correlation between height of heels with complaints of MSDs and shoe type, while, the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs were correlated. Abstract:One of the occupations that have a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is sales promotion girl (SPG), especially the SPG at a cosmetic store, because their job position is mostly done by standing and wearing high heels. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between duration of standing position and shoe characteristics to complaints of MSDs on sales promotion girl at cosmetic stores in Surabaya. This study was quantitative research with observational analytic research, where the data collection was carried out by cross-sectional. This research was conducted at 21 cosmetic stores from three shopping centers in Central Surabaya. The population in this study was 64 SPG. The sample was taken using simple random sampling with exclusion criteria, so that 47 people were obtained. The independent variables consisted of duration of standing position and shoe characteristics included shoe type and the height of heels. The dependent variable was complaint of MSDs. The data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The result showed that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.011; r=0.369; positive direction), no correlation between shoe type and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.735; r=0.051; positive direction), and no correlation between the height of heels and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.256; r=0.169; positive direction). It was concluded that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs, and there was no correlation between shoe type and the height of heels with complaints of MSDs.

The relationship of cultural values with clean and healthy life behaviour (CHLB) among Islamic boarding school students in Indonesia

Background: Poor clean and healthy life behaviours (CHLB) are often found in students (santri) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia. Pesantren is a subculture that has derived different cultural values from society, while santri have a habit of borrowing and lending clothes and see scabies as a blessing. This study aimed to identify and describe the correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri.Design and Methods: It used descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The participants were 100 santri who lived in pesantren and were selected by using stratified random sampling. The cultural values and CHLB practices were assessed using the instruments developed by the writers in the previous study. The statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation test was applied to evaluate the association between cultural values and CHLB practices.Results: The result shows a significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri (p=0.004; r=0.284). Most of the santri had positive cultural values (52%) and poor CHLB practices (54%).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that most of the santri adhered to positive cultural values, and most of them had poor CHLB practices. These findings also showed significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri. This study is expected to be the basis for school nurses to provide nursing care with a cultural approach to improve CHLB practices among santri.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN POLA TIDUR PADA LANSIA

Latar belakang : Saat ini Negara Indonesia sedang dilanda pandemi Covid-19 yang mengakibatkan perubahan baik secara fisik maupun psikologi, baik pada usia muda maupun pada lanjut usia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan fisik namun juga mempengaruhi kondisi mentalitas individu, termasuk pada golongan Lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas Lansia mengalami kecemasan di masa pandemi dengan mayoritas termasuk dalam kategori sedang (48,1%). Kondisi ini bukanlah hal yang dapat dianggap sederhana karena kecemasan dikhawatirkan dapat menimbulkan ketakutan hebat dan menetap pada Lansia sehingga dapat menimbulkan gangguan baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan pola tidur pada Lansia di Panti Wredha Widhi Asih. Subyek dan Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain korelasional melalui pendekatan crossectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua Lansia di Panti Wredha Widhi Asih. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah jenuh. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil : Skor tingkat kecemasan lansia paling banyak 4 dengan kategori ringan yaitu 19%. Namun demikian ditemukan pula lansia yang mendapatkan skor tingkat kecemasan 20 yaitu 4,8%. Pola tidur responden bervariasi, dilihat dari kuantitas tidurnya yaitu antara 5-9 jam dengan mayoritas kuantitas tidur paling sedikit 5-5,5 jam (4,8%) dan paling banyak 8 jam (38,1%). Hasil analisis uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi antara tingkat kecemasan dengan pola tidur adalah tidak bermakna. Nilai korelasi Spearman sebesar -0,313 menunjukkan arah korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah. Kesimpulan : Hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan pola tidur adalah tidak bermakna. Nilai korelasi Spearman sebesar -0,313 menunjukkan arah korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah. Kata Kunci : kecemasan, lansia, pola tidur RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY LEVELS AND SLEEP PATTERNS IN THE ELDERLY Background: Currently, the State of Indonesia is being hit by the Covid-19 pandemic which causes changes both physically and psychologically, both at a young age and in the elderly. This condition not only has an impact on physical health but also affects the mental condition of individuals, including the elderly. The results showed that the majority of the elderly experienced anxiety during the pandemic with the majority being in the moderate category (48.1%). This condition is not something that can be considered simple because it is feared that anxiety can cause severe and permanent fear in the elderly so that it can cause disturbances both physically and psychologically. Objective: To determine the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep patterns in the elderly at the Wredha Widhi Asih Home. Subjects and Methods: This type of research is analytic observational with a correlational design through a cross-sectional approach. The population of the study were all the elderly at the Wredha Widhi Asih Nursing Home. The sampling technique used is saturated. Data analysis using Spearman Correlation Test. Result: The highest score of anxiety level is 4 (19%) in the mild category. However, the elderly who got a level 20 score of 4.8% were found. The respondent's sleep pattern varies, seen from the quantity of sleep, which is between 5-9 hours, with a minimum sleep quantity of 5-5.5 hours (4.8%) and a maximum of 8 hours (38.1%). The results of the Spearman correlation test analysis showed that the correlation between anxiety levels and sleep patterns was not significant. Spearman correlation value of -0.313 indicates the direction of negative correlation with weak correlation strength. Conclusion: the correlation between anxiety levels and sleep patterns is not significant. Spearman correlation value of -0.313 indicates the direction of negative correlation with weak correlation strength. Keywords: anxiety, elderly, sleep pattern

Ukrainian Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Gender Bias Quiz Questionnaire

This work aims to confirm the Ukrainian variant of the Gender Bias Quiz at a linguistic level. Thе questionnaire consists of 20 questions, which allows the psychologist to determine the individual's gender bias. Respondents (university students, 20-26 years old) completed the Ukrainian translated version of the Gender Bias Quiz questionnaire, and then two weeks later, students completed the original one. Statistical analysis of the data included the use of the Wilcoxon test and the Spearman correlation test. The Wilcoxon test results showed no significant differences between the original (English) and the translated questionnaire. Instead, the Spearman test showed a positive correlation at a high level of statistical significance between respondents' scores in the first and second tests. The obtained data proved the successful linguistic validation of this questionnaire.