groundwater systems
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Author(s):  
Roland Barthel ◽  
Ezra Haaf ◽  
Michelle Nygren ◽  
Markus Giese

AbstractVisual analysis of time series in hydrology is frequently seen as a crucial step to becoming acquainted with the nature of the data, as well as detecting unexpected errors, biases, etc. Human eyes, in particular those of a trained expert, are well suited to recognize irregularities and distinct patterns. However, there are limits as to what the eye can resolve and process; moreover, visual analysis is by definition subjective and has low reproducibility. Visual inspection is frequently mentioned in publications, but rarely described in detail, even though it may have significantly affected decisions made in the process of performing the underlying study. This paper presents a visual analysis of groundwater hydrographs that has been performed in relation to attempts to classify groundwater time series as part of developing a new concept for prediction in data-scarce groundwater systems. Within this concept, determining the similarity of groundwater hydrographs is essential. As standard approaches for similarity analysis of groundwater hydrographs do not yet exist, different approaches were developed and tested. This provided the opportunity to carry out a comparison between visual analysis and formal, automated classification approaches. The presented visual classification was carried out on two sets of time series from central Europe and Fennoscandia. It is explained why and where visual classification can be beneficial but also where the limitations and challenges associated with the approach lie. It is concluded that systematic visual analysis of time series in hydrology, despite its subjectivity and low reproducibility, should receive much more attention.


Author(s):  
D. S. McLagan ◽  
L. Schwab ◽  
J. G. Wiederhold ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
J. Pietrucha ◽  
...  

A holistic multi-analyses (led by Hg stable isotope analysis), multi-media, multi-site approach to improving contaminated site Hg geochemistry, particularly process tracing.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3574
Author(s):  
Renkai Zhang ◽  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Kangning Xiong ◽  
Xiaoxi Lyu ◽  
Chenpeng Hu ◽  
...  

Groups in dissolved organic matter (DOM) emit fluorescence information at characteristic wavelengths when irradiated by excitation waves, which can reveal the geochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter in the environment and its sources, but there are few relevant studies in cave groundwater systems. In order to investigate the relationship between drip hydrochemistry characteristics and DOM in cave systems after subsurface leakage, in this study, from the perspective of dissolved organic matter in the karst cave water system, the groundwater in the dry season of Daxiao Cave was selected as the research object. Five drip points and one water pool (DX-1, DX-2, DX-3, DX-4, DX-5, and DX-C) in Daxiao Cave were monitored and consecutively sampled for four months. The parallel factor analysis method (PARAFAC), three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence parameters, and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM), combined with the hydrochemistry characteristics of the drip water and correlation analysis, were used to analyze the 3D fluorescence spectral characteristics of the DOM of the drip water of Daxiao Cave and their influencing factors. The results show that (1) the hydrochemistry type of the drip water in Daxiao Cave was within the Ca–Mg–HCO3 type, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- were the dominant ions in Daxiao Cave; (2) the fluorescence fractions of drip water in dry season caves were dominated by C1 (humus-like), C2 (tryptophan-like), and C3 (tyrosine-like), and the fluorescence fractions of drip water DOM were controlled by protein fluorophores; (3) the DOM in the drip water of Daxiao Cave in the dry season was controlled in part by subsurface leakage and was largely the result of microbial degradation; and (4) the DOM of the drip water may be influenced by the chemical composition of the water, but the exact process is not clear.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Jessica Maria Chicco ◽  
Felix-Antoine Comeau ◽  
Alessandro Casasso ◽  
Cesare Comina ◽  
Nicolò Giordano ◽  
...  

In northern Italy, most greenhouses rely on gas or oil heaters which are sometimes subject to high operating costs. Several greenhouses are nearby quarry lakes, which are the legacy of the expansion of cities in the last decades, including Turin (NW Italy). About 20 quarry lakes were excavated close to the Po riverbed in the southern part of this urban area, along a belt of more than 30 km in length, with an overall volume exceeding 10 million m3 water. The study addresses these artificial lakes as a low enthalpy thermal energy source, potentially providing heat to surrounding agri-business buildings. Detailed temperature monitoring of a large lake quarry was conducted over two years at different depths, measuring the surrounding groundwater level as well. Two different behaviors of the lake during the winter and summer seasons enabled the definition of a quite low water mixing process between the surrounding aquifers and the lake (in the range of 2–4 °C). An evaluation of the heat extraction potential using the lake as a heat source, depending on water temperature and its volume, and a qualitative comparison with groundwater systems are proposed. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on an overlooked resource for sustainable heating.


2021 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. 127012
Author(s):  
Dawei Cheng ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Xinyue Hou ◽  
Jinqi Guo ◽  
Shen Feng
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
K Sumaja ◽  
I K M Satriyabawa ◽  
T P P Dewi ◽  
A Fadianika

Abstract Indonesian airport in general relies dominantly on the surface and underground water to fulfil its water demand. Although groundwater systems are generally more resilient to climate change than surface water sources, their overuse might damage those water systems. One alternative to overcome this problem is rainwater harvesting (RWH) which could be implemented to increase the availability of raw water supply. However, in Indonesia, the study of the potential of RWH at a regional scale is still limited, so it does not provide sufficient information for practical application. Therefore, as the objective, this research will utilize a simulation analysis method to calculate the volume of rainfall storage, water requirements and reliability levels at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport regarding variations of the catchment area. This scheme would be applied not only during the dry and rainy seasons but also during the El Nino event. Moreover, the rainfall return periods would be determined to define the potential size of a rainwater harvesting system yearly. As a result, RWH at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport has the potential to substitute the surface water (PDAM) and groundwater usage either fully or partially depends on the season and water catchment area.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2906
Author(s):  
Robert Luetkemeier ◽  
Fanny Frick-Trzebitzky ◽  
Dženeta Hodžić ◽  
Anne Jäger ◽  
David Kuhn ◽  
...  

Groundwater is essential for drinking water provision and food production while hosting unique biodiversity and delivering key ecosystem services. However, overexploitation and contamination are prevailing threats in many regions worldwide. Even integrated governance schemes like the European Union Water Framework Directive often fail to ensure good quality and quantity conditions of groundwater bodies. Contributing factors are knowledge gaps on groundwater characteristics, limited financial, staff and land resources, as well as policy incoherencies. In this paper, we go further and argue that current groundwater challenges cannot be understood when considering the local situation within hydrologic boundaries only. New long-distance processes are at stake—so called telecouplings—that transgress watershed and administrative boundaries and significantly influence the state of local groundwater bodies. We provide three literature-based examples of European groundwater systems that are impacted by telecouplings, and we show how research and solution perspectives may change when acknowledging the de-localization of groundwater(s). We elaborate on virtual water trade, remote water supply, and seasonal tourist flows that connect sending, receiving and spillover systems. These processes can induce groundwater depletion and contamination but may also help to conserve the resource. Our hypothesis calls for a new spatial paradigm to groundwater management and highlights the need for transdisciplinary research approaches as envisioned in socio-hydrogeology.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Haoran Jia ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Baotong Li ◽  
Yuqi Li ◽  
...  

Abstract. (E)-Pyriminobac-methyl (EPM), a pyrimidine benzoic acid esters herbicide, has a high potential as weedicide; nevertheless, its environmental behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated for the first time the adsorption–desorption, degradation, and leaching behaviors of EPM in agricultural soils from five exemplar sites in China (characterized by different physicochemical properties) through laboratory simulation experiments. The EPM adsorption–desorption results were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.9999). In the analyzed soils, the Freundlich adsorption (i.e., Kf-ads) and desorption (i.e., Kf-des) coefficients of EPM varied between 0.85–32.22 mg1−1/n L1/n kg−1 and between 0.78–5.02 mg1−1/n L1/n kg−1, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of EPM reflected first-order kinetics: its half-life ranged between 37.46–66.00 d depending on the environmental conditions, and abiotic degradation was predominant in the degradation of this compound. The mobility of EPM in the five soils varied from immobile to highly mobile. The groundwater ubiquity score ranged between 0.9765–2.7160, indicating that EPM posed threat to groundwater quality. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the easy degradability of EPM, as well as its high adsorption affinity and low mobility in soils with abundant organic matter content and high cation exchange capacity. Under such conditions, there is a relatively low contamination risk for groundwater systems in relation to this compound. At the same time, due to its slow degradation, EPM has a low adsorption affinity and tends to be highly mobile in soils poor in organic matter content and with low cation exchange capacity. Under such conditions, there is a relatively high contamination risk for groundwater systems in relation to this compound. Overall, our findings provide a solid basis for predicting the environmental impacts of EPM.


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