Neuroprotective Potential of Bacopa monnieri: Modulation of Inflammatory Signals

Background: To date, much evidence has shown theincreased interest in natural molecules and traditional herbal medicine as alternative bioactive compounds to fight many inflammatory conditions, both in relation to immunomodulation and in terms of their wound healing potential. Bacopa monnieri is a herb that is used in the Ayurvedic medicine tradition for its anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: In this study, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of the Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) in vitro model of neuroinflammation. Methods: Neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were stimulated with TNF and IFN and used to evaluate the effect of BME on cell viability, cytotoxicity, cytokine gene expression, and healing rate. Results: Our results showed that BME protects against the Okadaic acid-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, in TNF and IFN primed cells, BME reduces IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, mitigates the mechanical trauma injury-induced damage, and accelerates the healing of wounds. Conclusion: This study indicates that BME might become a promising candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation.

Accelerative Effect of Cinnamon Nanoparticles as well as HAMLET on Healing of Wounds Infected with MRSA in Diabetic Rats

Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) on healing of wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous with human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells sensitization in diabetic rats. Methods. We included fifty diabetic male rats and divided them into 5 groups. There were 10 rats in each group as follows: CONTROL group: we did not infect the CONTROL group. The wound was only covered with sterile saline 0.9% solution (0.1 mL). INFCTD group: in this group, the wounds were infected with MRSA and covered with sterile saline 0.9% solution (0.1 mL). INFCTD-HMLT group: in this group, the wounds were infected with MRSA and HAMLET (100 μg). INFCTD-CNM group: in this group, the wounds were infected with MRSA and 0.1 mL CNPs (1 mg/mL) were applied topically to wounds. INFCTD-HMLT-CNM group: in this group, the wounds were infected with MRSA, HAMLET (100 μg), and 0.1 mL CNPs (1 mg/mL). Results. Bacteriology, wound area reduction measurements, biochemistry, histomorphometrical studies, hydroxyproline levels, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p53 showed significant difference between rats in the INFCTD-HMT-CNM group in comparison with other groups ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Accelerated healing of diabetic wounds infected with MRSA showed that local application of cinnamon nanoparticles along with HAMLET sensitization on S. aureus-infected wound could be taken into consideration.

Effectiveness of Perioperative Local Use of Anesthetics and Antiseptics in Patients with Purulent-necrotic Lesions of Lower Extremities in Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Every second patient with the diabetes mellitus (DM) needs surgery due to purulent-necrotic changes in the feet. The aim of the study was comparative morphological examination of the course of the wound process in purulent-necrotic lesions of the lower extremities of patients with DM with different approaches to local treatment in the perioperative period. Materials and Methods: We investigated changes in the histological structure and the nature of the reactions of skin tissues, muscles and fascia during the healing of an ulcer in patients with the diabetes mellitus after various types of local treatment. Then the specimens were photographed and analyzed using the OLIMPUS BX 41 light microscope. Results: In the first comparison group, which used standard anesthesia techniques and locally antiseptic povidon-iodine - granulation tissue was characterized by the complete absence of fibrous structures and the presence of a small number of small-sized neoplastic vessels with swollen endothelium. And in patients of the II observation group who received locally decamethoxin and infiltration anesthesia with a 2% solution of lidocaine after surgery during the study of histological preparations of the affected tissues, a significant decrease in signs of pathological vascular reaction was established compared with the comparison group. Conclusions: In group 1 (control) healing of wounds on the third-seventh day is characterized by somewhat slow regeneration. Wound healing was most favorable in patients of the second group, where infiltration anesthesia was used by local anesthetic and antiseptic decamethoxin.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND MEDICINAL STUDY OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN. (VERBENACEAE) - A REVIEW

Lantana camara is a plant from the family - Verbenaceae. It is found in many states of India, mostly in Jammu-Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, South India, Uttar Pradesh, and several parts of Maharashtra and other countries also. Mainly in disturbed areas, including roadside, railway tracks, and canals. It is an ornamental plant but, in ancient times, it was used traditionally. The plant having various traditional uses. Parts of plant extracts are used traditionally such as the healing of wounds, cuts, skin itches, and eczema. The plant containing many more phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and coumarins. It has various pharmacological activities antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcerogenic, anthelmintic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antitubercular, etc. It also having mosquito larvicidal activity. This review article was written by the study of many research and review articles from 1956 to March 2021 in which 72 articles were cited. This article reviewed different phytochemicals present in L. camara. The review draws attention to the traditional uses, analytical work, pharmacological activities, and toxicology of this plant and also the potential uses of this plant.

Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds?

The aim of the research was to check whether the healing of bark-stripping wounds of the silver fir tree trunks reduces the share of wood-decomposing fungi, which may be the result of inter-species interactions. The study carried out in Gorce National Park in Polish Western Carpathians analyzed drill holes of sapwood from three types of wounds (fresh, healed and old) on fir trunks with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 4.0–16.9 cm as a result of bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus). In the wood of fresh wounds Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton had the largest share in mycobiota. Phompsis spp. and the species Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll. and Epicoccum nigrum Link were also isolated. The dominants in old wounds were Eutypa spp., Phomopsis spp. and Cylindrobasidium evolvens (Fr.) Jülich. Healed wounds were dominated by Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst, a fungus antagonistic to many fungal pathogens. Such properties are shared by A. arundinis, especially common in fresh wound wood. It seems that these fungi support the process of wounded tree regeneration (healing of wounds) and limit the activity of wood-decaying fungi in old age, which makes fir survival very high. Thus, even a strong red deer pressure cannot be considered the basic factor determining the dynamics of fir in this part of the Carpathians.

Multifunctional double network hydrogel film for skin wound healing

Skin wound management is an important issue in the medical community. Herein, we report a multifunctional film with many advanced features as a dressing for the healing of wounds. The dressing was made using chitosan and poly(acrylamide) (pAAm) hydrogel in order to form a double network (DN) hydrogel film. Compared to the pure chitosan hydrogel, which is fragile, the added pAAm network conferred excellent mechanical capability to the composite film, making it flexible and easy to treat. By further doping the hydrogel with carbon nanotubes and drugs, the film could promote wound healing. Animal experiments demonstrated that the DN hydrogel film could reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. Thus, this film is promising as a treatment for wound healing.

Formulation of Insect Chitosan Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles with Propolis Extract as Potent Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Composites

Skin wounds are frequently influenced with microbial infections and inflammation, which need innovative agents for disputing them. Chitosan (Csn) was extracted from larvae of BSF “black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens” and ethanolic propolis extract (Pro) was employed for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using facile biogenic protocol. The BSF-Csn was acquired with a yield of 1.56%, 91.3% deacetylation degree, and 88.600 Dalton molecular weight. The Ag-NPs were effectually biosynthesized using Pro, with a mean diameter of 8.73 nm and zeta potential of -21.34 mV. The antimicrobial activities assessment of insect Csn, Pro, synthesized Ag-NPs with Pro, and their composite against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) revealed the elevated efficiency of the individual agents and the superior action of their composite (Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs), with 26.3 and 23.4 mm inhibition zones and inhibitory concentrations of 35.0 and 45.0 μg/mL from the composite toward S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, which exceeded the actions of commercial antibiotics. The treatment of rat’s wounds with this composite promisingly led to faster healing of wounds and absence of inflammation and infection signs. The powerful actions of Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs as antimicrobial and wound healing composite strongly advocate their applications for skin protection, disinfection, and regeneration.

Curcumin Loading on Alginate Nano-Micelle for Anti-Infection and Colonic Wound Healing

Despite the antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin (C), its effect on wound healing, especially in the colorectal, is ambiguous. Moreover, due to the hydrophobic properties of C, its use is limited. Therefore, to reduce the bioavailability challenge and improve the transfer to colon area, we designed a C-alginate-based nano-micelle (C-A-NM). After fabrication of C-A-NM (55.5 nm) and physicochemical studies with the TEM, DLS and XRD, the C release rate based on gastrointestinal state was evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of C-A-NM on the survival of HCT-8 cells at 24 and 48 hours by MTT method and its antibacterial effects were also evaluated. To explain the effects of wound healing in rats, in addition to colonoscopy on the 14th-day, the repaired tissue on the 7th and 14th days were examined by Hematoxylin and Eosin method. Also, for evaluating wound healing in the colon, the protein/collagen concentration, and TGFβ1/NFκB gene expression were determined. The results of C cumulative release showed that the NM allows the drug to be loaded in the colon in a favourable manner. Also, the toxicity outputs revealed that C-A-NM at a concentration of 7.5 mg had no negative effects on cell viability. While the activity of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, bacteria decreased based on the minimum inhibitory concentration value with 153, 245 and 319 (μg/mL). The use of C-A-NM not only increases protein and collagen in damaged sites, but also increases TGFβ1 expression in contrast to NFκB. Based on these results, and the results of histopathology and colonoscopy, it was found that C-A-NM accelerates the healing of damaged areas. Overall, the results show that the use of C-A-NM can significantly accelerate the healing of wounds in the gastrointestinal tract based on collagen induction and reduced bacterial activity.

Pengetahuan Pengunjung Tentang Instruksi Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Di Pusat Pengobatan Mata Dan Gigi

Visitors who had their teeth extracted at the Eye and Dental Treatment Center (PPMG) Pontianak City did not follow the instructions given by the operator after having their teeth extracted. From the results of a field survey conducted, about 35% - 50% of patients who extracted teeth did not follow more than 1 post-extraction instruction. The result of ignoring this can have an impact on the healing of wounds from tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of visitors about post-tooth extraction instructions at the Center for Eye and Dental Medicine (PPMG) Pontianak City 2015. This study used a descriptive method which was conducted on 57 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling technique for 2 weeks, data collection techniques through three stages, namely the initial stage, the implementation stage, and the final stage then processed using SPSS version 18.0 and presented in tabular form. The results showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge of the category, namely 30 people (52.6%), while respondents who had sufficient knowledge were 14 people (24.6%) and respondents who had less knowledge were 13 people (22, 8%). Knowledge of post-tooth extraction instructions is important in order to provide understanding to the patient to prevent complications after tooth extraction. Pengunjung yang melakukan pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak tidak mengikuti instruksi yang diberikan oleh operator setelah melakukan pencabutan gigi. Dari hasil survey lapangan yang dilakukan, sekitar 35% - 50% pasien yang mencabut gigi tidak mengikuti lebih dari 1 instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi. Akibat dari mengabaikan hal tersebut dapat berdampak pada penyembuhan luka bekas pencabutan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan pengunjung tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap 57 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling selama 2 minggu, teknik pengumpulan data melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap awal, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap akhir kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 18.0 serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori baik yaitu 30 orang (52,6%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori cukup yaitu 14 orang (24,6%) dan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori kurang yaitu 13 orang (22,8%). Pengetahuan tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi penting dilakukan agar memberikan pemahaman kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca pencabutan gigi.

Pengetahuan Pengunjung Tentang Instruksi Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Di Pusat Pengobatan Mata Dan Gigi

Visitors who had their teeth extracted at the Eye and Dental Treatment Center (PPMG) Pontianak City did not follow the instructions given by the operator after having their teeth extracted. From the results of a field survey conducted, about 35% - 50% of patients who extracted teeth did not follow more than 1 post-extraction instruction. The result of ignoring this can have an impact on the healing of wounds from tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of visitors about post-tooth extraction instructions at the Center for Eye and Dental Medicine (PPMG) Pontianak City 2015. This study used a descriptive method which was conducted on 57 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling technique for 2 weeks, data collection techniques through three stages, namely the initial stage, the implementation stage, and the final stage then processed using SPSS version 18.0 and presented in tabular form. The results showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge of the category, namely 30 people (52.6%), while respondents who had sufficient knowledge were 14 people (24.6%) and respondents who had less knowledge were 13 people (22, 8%). Knowledge of post-tooth extraction instructions is important in order to provide understanding to the patient to prevent complications after tooth extraction. Pengunjung yang melakukan pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak tidak mengikuti instruksi yang diberikan oleh operator setelah melakukan pencabutan gigi. Dari hasil survey lapangan yang dilakukan, sekitar 35% - 50% pasien yang mencabut gigi tidak mengikuti lebih dari 1 instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi. Akibat dari mengabaikan hal tersebut dapat berdampak pada penyembuhan luka bekas pencabutan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan pengunjung tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap 57 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling selama 2 minggu, teknik pengumpulan data melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap awal, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap akhir kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 18.0 serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori baik yaitu 30 orang (52,6%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori cukup yaitu 14 orang (24,6%) dan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori kurang yaitu 13 orang (22,8%). Pengetahuan tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi penting dilakukan agar memberikan pemahaman kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca pencabutan gigi.