PREVENTION OF CANDIDIASIS IN PATIENTS USING REMOVABLE DENTURES

Despite innovations in orthopedic dentistry, removable dentures belong to the most popular orthopedic care category. Removable dentures are combined stimuli that affect the mucous membrane and neuro-receptor apparatus. Acrylic plastic prostheses, widely used in prosthetic dentistry, have a negative side mechanical, chemical-toxic, sensitizing, and thermal insulating effect on oral tissue and prosthetic impression area. This is often complicated by a violation of the biocenosis of the oral cavity, the growth of pathogenic microflora that releases toxins, especially an increase in the number of yeast colonies that irritate the oral mucosa and prosthetic stomatitis. It was observed 100 patients with oral candidiasis of various age groups from 45 to 65 years. Of these, 60 patients with removable plate prostheses; 40 patients with partially removable prostheses. Chronic forms of candidiasis were diagnosed in 40 patients and with exacerbation of chronic forms of candidiasis in 60 people. The number of untreated carious cavities and poor hygienic condition of the oral cavity directly affects the severity of candidiasis. Acute forms of candidiasis were observed mainly in patients with high DMF and PMA indices. The severity of candidiasis depends on the degree and duration of wearing dentures and hygienic conditions - the most severe forms of invasive candidiasis were observed in the presence of removable plate prostheses, the complete absence of teeth, and the use of a prosthesis for more than 10-15 years. A combined lesion of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips was observed mainly in patients older than 60 years. The presence of candidiasis in the oral cavity in patients with removable plate prostheses leads to a statistically significant change in the indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity: an increase in the concentration of serum IgG and IgA and the values of the coefficient of the balance of local immunity factors.

Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Oral Cavity of Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory disease with concurrent oral dysbiosis (bacterial and fungal). Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used empirically in FCGS. Still, neither the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria nor potential patterns of co-occurrence between AMR genes and fungi have been documented in FCGS. This study explored the differential occurrence of AMR genes and the co-occurrence of AMR genes with oral fungal species. Briefly, 14 clinically healthy (CH) cats and 14 cats with FCGS were included. Using a sterile swab, oral tissue surfaces were sampled and submitted for 16S rRNA and ITS-2 next-generation DNA sequencing. Microbial DNA was analyzed using a proprietary curated database targeting AMR genes found in bacterial pathogens. The co-occurrence of AMR genes and fungi was tested using point biserial correlation. A total of 21 and 23 different AMR genes were detected in CH and FCGS cats, respectively. A comparison of AMR-gene frequencies between groups revealed statistically significant differences in the occurrence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (ant4Ib), beta-lactam (mecA), and macrolides (mphD and mphC). Two AMR genes (mecA and mphD) showed statistically significant co-occurrence with Malassezia restricta. In conclusion, resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as beta-lactams and macrolides, is a significant cause for concern in the context of both feline and human medicine.

GENETIC ASSOCIATION OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR (HIF) – 1 ALPHA GENE AND RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION OF JAW BONE

Due to considerable alterations in individual bone structure, the residual ridge is constantly under the stress of bone resorption. In certain circumstances, this can cause disproportionate bone deterioration, making restorative dental management difficult. This inimitable curative procedure in the oral cavity is affected by specific factors in the oral tissue. A variety of HIFs are expressed during the healing of oral wounds in comparison to skin wounds. The target of this review article was to look at a cistron tic connotation among SNP of the HIF-1 α gene that is understood to own great genetic diversity, and also the residual ridge reabsorption (RRR). Hence, this review concentrates on the association and genetic basis of HIF α gene in residual ridge resorption.

Injectable Human Hair Keratin–Fibrinogen Hydrogels for Engineering 3D Microenvironments to Accelerate Oral Tissue Regeneration

Traumatic injury of the oral cavity is atypical and often accompanied by uncontrolled bleeding and inflammation. Injectable hydrogels have been considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of oral injuries because of their simple formulation, minimally invasive application technique, and site-specific delivery. Fibrinogen-based hydrogels have been widely explored as effective materials for wound healing in tissue engineering due to their uniqueness. Recently, an injectable foam has taken the spotlight. However, the fibrin component of this biomaterial is relatively stiff. To address these challenges, we created keratin-conjugated fibrinogen (KRT-FIB). This study aimed to develop a novel keratin biomaterial and assess cell–biomaterial interactions. Consequently, a novel injectable KRT-FIB hydrogel was optimized through rheological measurements, and its injection performance, swelling behavior, and surface morphology were investigated. We observed an excellent cell viability, proliferation, and migration/cell–cell interaction, indicating that the novel KRT-FIB-injectable hydrogel is a promising platform for oral tissue regeneration with a high clinical applicability.

Research on Biological Molecular Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Through miR-34a

This study aims to assess the action of miR-34a on MSCs homing onto OSCC. Sixty cases of tissue sample in OSCC was analyzed retrospectively and thirty of normal oral tissue was included as a control group. miR-34a expression in OSCC was detected by qRT-PCR. The relation of expression with OSCC was analyzed. The independent risk factor in the life time of OSCC was studied. pc-DNA-miR-34a and si-miR-34a was transfected into MSCs to analyze its action on MSCs homing onto OSCC by CCK-8 and clone formation assays as well as on cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The level of miR-34a in patients with OSCC was significantly elevated and was associated with overall survival and prognosis. The FIGO staging and miR-34a expression was the independent risk factor of DFS and OS of patients with OSCC. The cell activity and homing capacity of MSCs was reduced significantly after knock-down of miR-34a expression along with increased apoptotic cell rate. In addition, the miR-34a could prompt the MSC homing onto OSCC. In conclusion, miR-34a level was up-regulated significantly in OSCC and associated with the prognosis, indicating that it might be a novel target for the treatment of OSCC.

RNAseq of TGF-β receptor type I kinase-dependent genes in oral fibroblast exposed to milk

Background Milk is a rich source of natural growth factors that may support oral tissue homeostasis and wound healing. We had shown earlier that blocking TGF-β receptor type I kinase with the inhibitor SB431542 abolished the expression of IL11 and other genes in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to the aqueous fraction of milk. Our aim was to identify the entire signature of TGF-β receptor type I kinase-dependent genes regulated by the aqueous fraction of human milk. Result RNAseq revealed 99 genes being strongly regulated by milk requiring activation of the SB431542-dependent TGF-β receptor type I kinase. Among the SB431542-dependent genes is IL11 but also cadherins, claudins, collagens, potassium channels, keratins, solute carrier family proteins, transcription factors, transmembrane proteins, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily members, and tetraspanin family members. When focusing on our candidate gene, we could identify D609 to suppress IL11 expression, independent of phospholipase C, sphinosine-1 phosphate synthesis, and Smad-3 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. In contrast, genistein and blocking phosphoinositide 3-kinases by wortmannin and LY294002 increased the milk-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion Taken together, our data revealed TGF-β receptor type I kinase signaling to cause major changes of the genetic signature of gingival fibroblasts exposed to aqueous fraction of human milk.

Angina bullosahemorrhagica, an uncommon oral disorder: Case report

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica is one of the rare oral lesion which appears clinically as blood blisters within the oral cavity. This lesion may occur in response to any mild trauma to the oral tissue. It is an acute oral disease mainly seen at the lining mucosa. It is characterized by blood-filled ballooning of the oral mucosa in the form of vesicles and bullae. These lesions are single and rupture easily leaving an ulcerated area.In this article the authors are describing the case of Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica attended in Department of Periodontology at Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Hazaribag.

Case Report: A Case of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis With a High Level of Human β Defensins in Gingival Epithelium

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis [HGF, (MIM 135300)], a rare benign oral condition, has several adverse consequences such as aesthetic changes, malocclusion, speech impediments, and abnormal dentition. However, relatively few studies have addressed the beneficial effects of thick gingival tissues in resisting external stimuli. In this report, we present a unique case of a family affected by HGF that manifests as a ‘healthy’ gingiva. Human β-defensins (hBDs) are known to play a pivotal role in the clearance and killing of various microbes, and contribute to maintaining a healthy oral environment, which is currently emerging research area. However, the expression pattern and localisation of hBDs in patients with HGF have not yet been reported. hBD-2 and hBD-3 in the pedigree we collected had relatively elevated expression. High hBD levels in the gingival tissue of patients from the family may be beneficial in protecting oral tissue from external stimuli and promoting periodontal regeneration, but their role and the mechanisms underlying HGF need to be clarified.