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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Atinuke O. Adediran

Law firm pro bono work provides access to justice to low-income people and other vulnerable populations. The professionals that manage pro bono programs are at the forefront of that process. The limited available research on these professionals do not often distinguish lawyers from other managers or theorize about their status vis-à-vis other law firm lawyers. Yet the status of lawyers who are also managers of pro bono programs influences both their identities and the management and provision of legal services and advocacy. Drawing on original demographic and interview data, this article shows how law firm pro bono partners and counsels navigate their ambiguous roles and negotiate their status as lawyers and managers. I find that pro bono partners and counsels navigate their ambiguous roles by striving to be perceived as “real” lawyers, reframe their roles as business generators, conform to the billing culture, and establish a common identity. They also negotiate their titles and office spaces to raise their profiles. Gender inequality influences the negotiation of office spaces and the approval of pro bono matters. These findings have implications for lawyers who manage pro bono programs and the legitimacy of pro bono work.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Jenny Rahayu Afsebel Situmorang ◽  
Vinita Susanti

<p><em>Women (wives) is the most hidden victim of marital rape. Regarding this issue, we argue that women victims need victim assistance to prevent secondary victimization. This article is based on a literature review with a qualitative approach. Turning to marital rape cases in Indonesia, women's victims get harmful impacts in physiological and physical.</em><em> </em><em>Women victims of marital rape in Tanjung</em><em> </em><em>Priok, Bali, Pasuruan, and "L" are some of them. We conclude that the government and other stakeholders need to provide victim assistance for women victims of marital rape in mental and physical health, legal services (advocacy), economic empowerment, campaign, and particular public services spaces. The first thing to do is mental and physical health, but the next part, like legal services, is essential to prevent secondary victimization. Therefore, campaign to build awareness from society is essential to prevent stigmatization for women victims of marital rape. Finally, to implementing the role of victim assistant to prevent secondary victimization in marital rape cases needs unity for people by people and institution by institution. It is needed the same standpoint about marital rape.</em><em> </em><em></em></p><p> </p><p class="abstrak">Perempuan (secara khusus istri) merupakan korban tersembunyi dari pemerkosaan dalam pernikahan (<em>marital rape). </em>Menanggapi hal tersebut, menjadi penting untuk mempertimbangkan peran pendampingan korban atau <em>victimassistance </em>untuk menghindari viktimisasi sekunder (<em>secondary victimization). </em>Adapun artikel ini berdasarkan penelusuran literatur (<em>literature review) </em>dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Mengacu pada kasus <em>marital rape </em>yang dialami perempuan (istri) di Indonesia, maka hal tersebut berdampak buruk secara fisik maupun psikologis. Perempuan di Tanjung Priok, Bali, Pasuruan dan “L” merupakan contoh korban <em>marital rape. </em>Kesimpulan tulisan ini yaitu mendorong pemerintah dan pihak terkait agar segera menyediakan layanan pendampingan perempuan korban <em>marital rape </em>secara fisik, psikologis, bantuan hukum, pemberdayaan ekonomi, kampanye dan layanan di ruang publik. Hal yang pertama dilakukan adalah pendampingan layanan fisik dan mental. Kemudian, membangun kesadaran publik agar perempuan korban <em>marital rape </em>tidak distigmatisasi. Akhirnya, untuk menerapkan peran <em>victimassistant </em>sebagai pencegahan <em>secondary victimization </em>bagi perempuan korban <em>marital rape </em>membutuhkan kesatuan dari berbagai pihak dan lembaga. Persepektif yang sama terkait <em>marital rape </em>jelas dibutuhkan.</p><br /><br />


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-523
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Yastrebov ◽  
Arina A. Tinkova

The article answers the question: what are the distinctive features of the global legal services market in the context of globalization, as well as what place and role it occupies in international trade and trade policy? The study is divided into 3 parts. The first part structures the main theoretical aspects concerning the legal services world market: the concept and classification of legal services, forms and methods of international trade in legal services. The second part analyzes the market indicators of the global legal services market, characterizes the main problems and trends in its development. The place and role of Russia in the global legal services market are revealed. The third part deals with the foreign trade policy issues, mechanisms for protecting the internal market. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the Services Trade Restrictiveness Index for legal services. The mechanism of countries foreign trade policies influence on the British legal services sector is illustrated in the context of Brexit.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-506
Author(s):  
Louisa Choe

This article examines price transparency in New Zealand's civil legal services market and compares the civil legal services market characteristics to those of other jurisdictions. The current law does not incentivise providers within the legal services market to communicate price information to consumers searching for a provider. The researcher utilised a web-sweep method to assess how New Zealand law firms that provide dispute resolution services and employment advocates share information through their websites. The web-sweep covered the websites of 96 New Zealand law firms and 30 New Zealand employment advocates. The author assessed the ease with which prospective consumers could navigate and understand price-related information. The results demonstrated that in a majority of instances, price information is unclear and uncertain. It is therefore not comparable between providers. Consumers in New Zealand face a high search cost when looking for prices and deciding on a legal service provider. They are unable to make a meaningful price comparison between providers of dispute resolution services before engaging them. Stronger regulation of providers (lawyers and employment advocates) to require the display of pricing information would lower search costs for consumers and increase competition.


Author(s):  
Muhlis Safi’i

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is a state of law. In accordance with Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). As a state of law, Indonesia must guarantee the rights of its citizens to equality and guarantees of justice, including human rights. As stated by Salim, quoting Fredrich Julius Stahl, that the main element of a state based on law is the protection, as well as the recognition of Human Rights (HAM), and upholding dignified justice. Also in Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) reads: "Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantees, protection, and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law". This means that the constitution itself has accommodated, the state guarantees the fulfillment of individual rights of citizens and is treated equally before the law. In a state of law, the law is used as the main shield in the movement of government, state, and society. As an effort to realize justice and the spiritual values ​​of humanity (fair and dignified), there is assistance in the form of legal services for every citizen. The existence of a dignified justice theory is a justice provided by a legal system that has spiritual and material dimensions. This theory is a theory of justice that is based on noble values ​​that are rooted in the second principle of Pancasila, "Just and Civilized Humanity" and is inspired by the first principle, "Belief in the One Supreme God". 


Author(s):  
Miftakhul Ihwan

Law No. 16 of 2011 concerning legal aid, it is stated that legal aid is legal services provided by legal aid providers free of charge to legal aid recipients. In order to ease the burden of life for groups of people who are economically incapable, and also useful for creating justice and legal protection for the general public, legal aid is formed where the assistance is given to protect the rights of the accused as social beings, especially those included in the incapacitated or poor. Even so, the defendant's actions have clearly violated the law, but the law must also ensure that the rights of the accused are fulfilled as citizens, especially in terms of human rights. Legal aid institutions play an important role in providing legal assistance to people who need legal assistance to guarantee their rights before the law. The problem in this research is how to implement the provision of legal aid to defendants who are economically incapable of murder cases on the basis of self-defense. What are the inhibiting factors for the implementation of providing legal aid to defendants who are economically incapable? The conclusion in this study is that the law clearly stipulates that every citizen has the right to legal guarantees and protection, the state must protect every human right of its citizens well regardless of position status or SARA. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1596
Author(s):  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Ashish Saraf ◽  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Binit Surekha ◽  
Pawan Garg ◽  
...  

COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a substantial morbidity and mortality, and has put the health system under tremendous stress. A need for devising and adopting newer methods and techniques is being emphasized in the healthcare facilities to combat the effects of the SARS-CoV-2. Besides patient care, focus needs to be laid on the effective and dignified management of the deceased and medico-legal services provided by the hospitals and medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the likelihood of forensic experts and autopsy personnel being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 inadvertently during the autopsy, it is recommended to resort to safer and minimally invasive techniques of postmortem examination of the dead. In this regard, employing radiological techniques for postmortem examination appears to be a promising option during the COVID-19 pandemic. An inherent advantage of postmortem radiography over conventional autopsies is the minimization of the risk of transmission of infection to the health care workers. Our correspondence highlights on the possibility of using radiological facilities as an effective replacement of high-risk conventional autopsy procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.


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