reference networks
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2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Wang Gao ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Meng ◽  
Shuguo Pan

Precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (AR) can improve positioning accuracy and reliability. The narrow-lane (NL) AR solution can reach centimeter-level accuracy but there is a certain initialization time. In contrast, extra-wide-lane (EWL) or wide-lane (WL) ambiguity can be fixed instantaneously. However, due to the limited correction accuracy of the empirical atmospheric model, the positioning accuracy is only a few decimeters. In order to further improve the real-time performance of PPP while ensuring accuracy, we developed a multi-system multi-frequency uncombined PPP single-epoch EWL/WL/NL AR method with regional atmosphere modelling. In the proposed method, the precise atmosphere, including zenith wet-troposphere delay (ZWD) and the slant ionosphere, is extracted through multi-frequency stepwise AR, which then is both interpolated and broadcast to users. By adding regional atmosphere constraints, users can achieve single-epoch PPP AR with centimeter-level accuracy. To verify the algorithm, four sets of reference networks with different inter-station distances are used for experiments. With atmosphere constraints, the accuracy of the single-epoch WL solution can be improved from the decimeter level to a few centimeters, with an improvement of more than 90%, and the epoch fix rate can also be improved to varying degrees, especially for the dual-frequency case. Due to the enlarged noise of the EWL combination, its accuracy is at the decimeter level, while the accuracy of the WL/NL solution can reach several centimeters. However, reliable NL ambiguity-fixing tightly relies on atmosphere constraints with sufficiently high accuracy. When the modelling of the atmosphere correction is not accurate enough, the NL AR performance is degraded, although this situation can be improved to a certain extent through the multi-GNSS combination. In contrast, in this case, the WL ambiguity can be successfully fixed and can support the precise positioning with an accuracy of several centimeters.


Top ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pascoal ◽  
José Craveirinha ◽  
João Clímaco

AbstractThe paper addresses the lexicographically maximal risk-disjoint/minimal cost path pair problem that aims at finding a pair of paths between two given nodes, which is the shortest (in terms of cost) among those that have the fewest risks in common. This problem is of particular importance in telecommunication network design, namely concerning resilient routing models where both a primary and a backup path have to be calculated to minimize the risk of failure of a connection between origin and terminal nodes, in case of failure along the primary path and where bandwidth routing costs should also be minimized. An exact combinatorial algorithm is proposed for solving this problem which combines a path ranking method and a path labelling algorithm. Also an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is shown for comparison purposes. After a theoretical justification of the algorithm foundations, this is described and tested, together with the ILP procedure, for a set of reference networks in telecommunications, considering randomly generated risks, associated with Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) and arc costs. Both methods were capable of solving the problem instances in relatively short times and, in general, the proposed algorithm was clearly faster than the ILP formulation excepting for the networks with the greatest dimension and connectivity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Chang ◽  
Jie Xia ◽  
Yanhong Huang ◽  
Shaoyan Sun ◽  
...  

Abstract Abundant datasets generated from various big science projects on diseases have presented great challenges and opportunities, which are contributed to unfold the complexity of diseases. The discovery of disease- associated molecular networks for each individual plays an important role in personalized therapy and precision treatment of cancer based on the reference networks. However, there are no effective ways to distinguish the consistency of different reference networks. In this study, we developed a statistical method, i.e. a sample-specific differential network (SSDN), to construct and analyze such networks based on gene expression of a single sample against a reference dataset. We proved that the SSDN is structurally consistent even with different reference datasets if the reference dataset can follow certain conditions. The SSDN also can be used to identify patient-specific disease modules or network biomarkers as well as predict the potential driver genes of a tumor sample.


Author(s):  
Birte Zurek ◽  
◽  
Kornelia Ellwanger ◽  
Lisenka E. L. M. Vissers ◽  
Rebecca Schüle ◽  
...  

AbstractFor the first time in Europe hundreds of rare disease (RD) experts team up to actively share and jointly analyse existing patient’s data. Solve-RD is a Horizon 2020-supported EU flagship project bringing together >300 clinicians, scientists, and patient representatives of 51 sites from 15 countries. Solve-RD is built upon a core group of four European Reference Networks (ERNs; ERN-ITHACA, ERN-RND, ERN-Euro NMD, ERN-GENTURIS) which annually see more than 270,000 RD patients with respective pathologies. The main ambition is to solve unsolved rare diseases for which a molecular cause is not yet known. This is achieved through an innovative clinical research environment that introduces novel ways to organise expertise and data. Two major approaches are being pursued (i) massive data re-analysis of >19,000 unsolved rare disease patients and (ii) novel combined -omics approaches. The minimum requirement to be eligible for the analysis activities is an inconclusive exome that can be shared with controlled access. The first preliminary data re-analysis has already diagnosed 255 cases form 8393 exomes/genome datasets. This unprecedented degree of collaboration focused on sharing of data and expertise shall identify many new disease genes and enable diagnosis of many so far undiagnosed patients from all over Europe.


Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Andreea-Ioana Stefan ◽  
Andra Piciu ◽  
Maria Margareta Cosnarovici ◽  
Monica Dragomir ◽  
Romana Netea-Maier ◽  
...  

Thyroid microcarcinoma in pediatric population in Romania Non-medullary thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an increasing incidence in the recent years, due to the increase of the thyroid microcarcinoma. Thyroid microcarcinoma (mTC) is defined, according to WHO criteria, as ≤1 cm dimension thyroid carcinoma, being a rare disease in children population. In adults, the current guidelines recommend a limited surgical approach. In children, however, there are no specific guidelines for mTC. Due to the scarcity of these tumors, mTC in children have largely been understudied, to our knowledge with only one previous publication reporting on the outcomes of a large historic series of patients with mTC from the USA. In Romania, the incidence of TC is rising, one of the reason may be the effect of Chernobyl nuclear accident in the past and the iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome of children diagnosed with mTC in Romania diagnosed from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. During the study period we identified 77 cases of differentiated TC (papillary and follicular) and of these 20 cases (19.4%) were mTC. The mTC represented roughly one fifth of our nationwide pediatric population diagnosed in the last 20 years, the majority of cases being recorded in adolescents aged between 15–18 years. Although patients with apparently more unfavorable local phenotype were identified, this was not reflected in the outcome of the patients in terms of remission of the disease and survival. Our study illustrates the heterogeneity of the real-life practice with respect to the pediatric mTC, and underscores the need for carefully designed multicenter international studies, including larger cohorts of patients in order to provide the data required for establishing evidence based uniform protocols. The European Reference Networks (ERN), such as the ERN for Rare Endocrine Diseases (Endo-ERN) provides an ideal platform to initiate such collaborative studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Talarico ◽  
Sara Cannizzo ◽  
Valentina Lorenzoni ◽  
Diana Marinello ◽  
Ilaria Palla ◽  
...  

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.


Author(s):  
Birute Tumiene ◽  
Holm Graessner ◽  
Irene MJ Mathijssen ◽  
Alberto M Pereira ◽  
Franz Schaefer ◽  
...  

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Isabel Mönig ◽  
Danielle Steenvoorden ◽  
Johan P. de Graaf ◽  
S. Faisal Ahmed ◽  
Domenica Taruscio ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The core task of European Reference Networks (ERNs) is to reduce health care inequalities throughout Europe for all patients with rare and complex conditions. A secure web-based application for virtual consultations, the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS), was developed by the EU to provide expert specialized care for all these patients. This review analyses the opportunities and difficulties that the implementation of this virtual network implies for physicians as well as for the patients. Methods European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN) installed an Operational Helpdesk (OH) to support their members in using CPMS. The OH initiated several actions to facilitate and increase the usage of CPMS. Satisfaction with the system and reasons for low participation rates in virtual case discussions were analyzed by different surveys. Results The number of CPMS users increased constantly, but the active usage of the system remains insufficient. Main reasons were technical difficulties, lack of time and insufficient awareness about CPMS in experts and patients throughout Europe. Still, outcomes of the virtual discussions are considered useful by involved experts and the discussions have provided topics for educational webinars and research. Conclusions CPMS is a secure system with many advantages compared to previous ways of consulting experts but also difficulties that need to be overcome with future strategies. By facilitating its use and increasing awareness among all relevant European experts and patients, CPMS can help to make the existing expertise available for all patients with rare (endocrine) conditions throughout Europe as it was intended.


The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 397 (10276) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Blay ◽  
Pierre Fenaux ◽  
Ruth Ladenstein ◽  
Nicoline Hoogerbrugge

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Paolo Moretti ◽  
Dimitrios Konstantinidis ◽  
Michael Zaiser

AbstractWe introduce a beam network model for hierarchically patterned materials. In these materials, load-parallel gaps intercept stress transmission in the load perpendicular direction in such a manner that damage is confined within hierarchically nested, load-carrying ‘modules’. We describe the morphological characteristics of such materials in terms of deterministically constructed, hierarchical beam network (DHBN) models and randomized variants thereof. We then use these models to analyse the process of damage accumulation (characterized by the locations and timings of beam breakages prior to global failures, and the concomitant avalanche statistics) and of global failure. We demonstrate that, irrespective of the degree of local disorder, failure of hierarchically (micro)structured materials is characterized by diffuse local damage nucleation which ultimately percolates on the network, but never by stress-driven propagation of a critical crack. Failure of non hierarchical reference networks, on the other hand, is characterized by the sequence of damage nucleation, crack formation and crack propagation. These differences are apparent at low and intermediate degrees of material disorder but disappear in very strongly disordered materials where the local failure strengths exhibit extreme scatter. We furthermore demonstrate that, independent of material disorder, the different modes of failure lead to significant differences in fracture surface morphology.


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