taste disorders
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BJGP Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0141
Author(s):  
Anna Ruiz-Comellas ◽  
Pere Roura Poch ◽  
Glòria Sauch Valmaña ◽  
Víctor Guadalupe-Fernández ◽  
Jacobo Mendioroz Peña ◽  
...  

Backgroundamong the manifestations of COVID-19 are Taste and Smell Disorders (TSDs).AimThe aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TSDs and other associated symptoms to estimate predictive values for determining SARS-CoV-2 infection.Design and settingRetrospective observational study.Methodsa study of the sensitivity and specificity of TSDs has been carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as the Gold Standard value. Logistic regressions adjusted for age and sex were performed to identify additional symptoms that might be associated with COVID-19.Resultsthe results are based on 226 healthcare workers with clinical symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, 116 with positive PCR and 111 with negative PCR. TSDs had an OR of 12.43 (CI 0.95 6.33–26.19), sensitivity 60.34% and specificity 89.09%. In the logistic regression model, the association of TSD, fever or low-grade fever, shivering, dyspnoea, arthralgia and myalgia obtained an area under the curve of 85.7% (CI 0.95: 80.7 % - 90.7 %), sensitivity 82.8 %, specificity 80% and positive predictive values 81.4% and negative 81.5%.ConclusionsTSDs are a strong predictor of COVID-19. The association of TSD, fever, low-grade fever or shivering, dyspnoea, arthralgia and myalgia correctly predicts 85.7% of the results of the COVID-19 test.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sugiyama ◽  
Kei Miwata ◽  
Yoshihiro Kitahara ◽  
Mafumi Okimoto ◽  
Kanon Abe ◽  
...  

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the post-acute consequences of COVID-19. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey on sequelae, psychological distress (K6), impairments in work performance (WFun), and COVID-19–related experiences of stigma and discrimination in two designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, between August 2020 and March 2021. The prevalence of sequelae were calculated by age and COVID-19 severity. Factors independently associated with sequelae or psychological distress were identified using logistic regression analysis. Among 127 patients who had recovered from COVID-19, 52.0% had persistent symptoms at a median of 29 days [IQR 23–128] after COVID-19 onset. Among patients with mild COVID-19, 50.5% had sequelae. The most frequent symptoms were olfactory disorders (15.0%), taste disorders (14.2%), and cough (14.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that age was an independent risk factor for sequelae (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] for ≥60 years vs. <40 years 3.84, p=0.0139). Possible psychological distress was noted in 30.7% (17.9% of males and 45.0% of females). Female sex and the presence of sequelae were independent risk factors for psychological distress. Of all participants 29.1% had possible impairments in work performance. Experiences of stigma and discrimination were reported by 43.3% of participants. This study revealed the significant impacts of Long COVID on health in local communities. A large-scale, long-term cohort study is desired.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801-7
Author(s):  
Piotr H Skarzynski ◽  
Marcin Wojciechowski ◽  
Magdalena B Skarzynska ◽  
Piotr Fronczak

Background: Taste is the leading sense in how we determine the quality of consumed food. Proper gustatory sensation largely determines the well-being and health of an organism, and this affects their quality of life.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of early taste disorders following implantation surgery. Methods: Twenty patients underwent a taste test before, 1 day after, and 1 month after cochlear implantation. The taste sensations of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter were determined. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between individual tests among the entire study group. After dividing the respondents into smoking (n=6) and non-smoking (n=14) groups, only a weak correlation (p =0.043) was found between the results of the first and second examination in the smoker group. However, a statistically significant decrease in the number of saline-sensitive (p<0.001) and acid-sensitive (p = 0.042) subjects was observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that people after a cochlear implant may have transient taste disorders. Taste disorder called dysgeusia may be an early complication after the implantation procedure contributing to deterioration of patients quality of life. Keywords: Sense of taste; taste disorders; cochlear implant surgery; quality of life, partial deafness treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
M B Aliyeva ◽  
S S Saparbayev ◽  
D N Ayaganov ◽  
M S Kurmangazin ◽  
N M Tuychibaeva

The coronavirus disease COVID-19 began to spread worldwide in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan (China). COVID-19 is often accompanied by fever, hypoxemic respiratory failure and systemic complications (for example, gastrointestinal, renal, cardiac, neurological, and hepatic lesions), thrombotic phenomena. Central nervous system damage is caused by the primary effect on it, direct neuroinvasion of the virus, and more often by secondary effect due to systemic hyperinflammation. Neurological manifestations include fatigue, headache, insomnia, and olfactory/taste disorders. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19 are diverse: (1) cerebral circulatory disorders, including ischemic stroke and macro/microhemorrhages; (2) encephalopathy; (3) para/postinfectious autoimmune complications, such as GuillainBarre syndrome; (4) meningoencephalitis; (5) neuropsychiatric complications (psychosis and mood disorders). In terms of pathogenesis, neurological disorders in COVID-19 can be caused by neurotropicity and neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2, cytokine storm, hypoxemia, homeostasis disorders, as well as their combined effects. COVID-19 adversely affects the course and prognosis of chronic neurological disorders in comorbid patients. The review highlights the need for vigilance to early neurological complications in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, especially since some neurological complications may precede respiratory manifestations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S706
Author(s):  
M. Bejarano ◽  
K. Alvarez-Altamirano ◽  
E. Rosas-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Ramos-Peñafiel ◽  
M.D. Arias-Soberon ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Hikaru Shirakawa ◽  
Ken-ichiro Sakata ◽  
Hiroyuki Hato ◽  
Jun Sato ◽  
Noritaka Ohga ◽  
...  

Ethyl loflazepate (EL) is a benzodiazepine derivative that has been reported to activate the gustatory cortex. Our department routinely uses EL as a first-line treatment for idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders, although little has been reported in the literature with respect to patient outcomes, so we conducted a retrospective study examining its safety and efficacy. Between 2008 and 2020, 49 patients (14 males and 35 females; mean age, 62.1 years) were diagnosed with taste disorders and received EL as their only treatment for &amp;gt;14 days. Severity of taste disorder was evaluated using the paper disc method by Sakai et al [7], and treatment efficacy was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale, wherein patients gave subjective ratings for their symptoms (reductions by &amp;gt;50% after administration of EL for 4 weeks were defined as mprovements). Results showed that the improvement rates for patients with idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders were 55% and 70%, respectively. Additionally, the majority (78%) improved within 2 weeks, and side effects were mild (seven cases of sleepiness and one case of dizziness). We conclude that EL is an appropriate first-line medication for patients with idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 800-805
Author(s):  
Byung-Jun Kang ◽  
Jin-Woo Park ◽  
Sang-Yen Geum ◽  
Un-Kyung Kim ◽  
Seung-Heon Shin ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives Several studies have shown that three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS2R38 gene demonstrate a strong association with the ability to sense the bitter taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) in. We have previously reported about TAS2R38 genotypes in normal volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role TAS2R38 gene plays in taste disorder by examining SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene in taste disorder patients.Subjects and Method Ninety-four patients with taste dysfunction from multiple etiologies were enrolled. The genotypes were defined by identifying SNPs on the TAS2R38 gene. The proportion of different TAS2R38 genotypes in the group was compared with that in the normal volunteers of our previous study. The whole mouth taste threshold tests were performed and the thresholds were compared among the three different genotypic groups.Results The proportion of each diplotype in taste disorder patients were as follows: PAV/ PAV 36.2% (34/94), PAV/AVI 34.0% (32/94), and AVI/AVI 29.8% (28/94). The proportion of AVI/AVI type was higher in the group than in the normal volunteers (p=0.031). The detection and recognition thresholds of all four basic tastes were increased in the order of PAV/PAV, PAV/AVI, and AVI/AVI genotypes.Conclusion The proportion of AVI/AVI homozygous was significantly higher in taste disorder patients than in the normal volunteers. Our findings suggest that the genotypes of TAS2R38 may represent one of the risk factors responsible for the development of taste disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Mele ◽  
Anna Calastri ◽  
Eugenia Maiorano ◽  
Antonella Cerino ◽  
Michele Sachs ◽  
...  

Olfactory and taste disorders (OTD) are commonly found as presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with clinically mild COVID-19. Virus-specific T cells are thought to play an important role in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2; therefore the study of T cell specific immune responses in patients with mild symptoms may help to understand their possible role in protection from severe disease. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses to four different peptide megapools covering all SARS-CoV-2 proteins during the acute phase of the disease in 33 individuals with mild or no other symptom beside OTD and in 22 age-matched patients with severe infection. A control group of 15 outpatients with OTD and consistently negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA swabs and virus-specific IgG serology was included in the study. Increased frequencies of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with OTD compared with those with severe COVID-19 and with SARS-CoV-2 negative OTD individuals. Moreover, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 peptides was associated with higher interferon (IFN)γ production. Increased frequencies of Spike (S1/S2)-specific CD4+ T cells showing enhanced IFNγ secretion and granzyme B content were associated with serum spike-specific IgG in the OTD group. In conclusion, patients with SARS-CoV-2 induced OTD develop highly functional virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the symptomatic phase of the disease, suggesting that robust and coordinated T-cell responses provide protection against extension of COVID-19 to the lower respiratory tract.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S695-S695
Author(s):  
Sarah J Willis ◽  
Karen Eberhardt ◽  
Liisa Randall ◽  
Alfred DeMaria ◽  
Catherine M Brown ◽  
...  

Abstract Background We developed a syndromic algorithm for COVID-19 like illness (CLI) to provide supplementary surveillance data on COVID-19 activity. Methods The CLI algorithm was developed using the Electronic Medical Record Support for Public Health platform (esphealth.org) and data from five clinical practice groups in Massachusetts that collectively care for 25% of the state’s population. Signs and symptoms of CLI were identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes and measured temperature. The algorithm originally included three categories: Category 1 required codes for coronavirus infection and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI); Category 2 required an LRTI-related diagnosis and fever; Category 3 required an upper or lower RTI and fever. The three categories mirrored statewide laboratory-confirmed case trends during spring and summer 2020 but did not detect the increase in late fall. We hypothesized this was due to the requirements for fever and LRTI. Therefore, we added three new categories defined by milder symptoms without fever: Category 4 requires LRTI-related diagnoses only; Category 5 requires upper or lower RTI or olfactory/taste disorders; and Category 6 requires at least one sign of CLI not identified by another category. Results The six-category algorithm detected the initial surge in April 2020, the summer lull, and the second surge in late fall (see figure). Category 1 cases were not identified until mid-March, which coincides with the first laboratory-confirmed cases in Massachusetts. Categories 2 and 3, which required fever, were prominent during the initial surge but declined over time. Category 5, the broadest category, declined during February and March 2020, likely capturing the end of the influenza season, and successfully detected the spring surge and fall resurgence. Weekly number of COVID-19 like illnesses by category, February 2, 2020 through May 8, 2021 Conclusion A syndromic definition that included mild upper RTI and olfactory/taste disorders, with or without fever or LRTI, mirrored changes in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases better than definitions that required fever and LRTI. This suggests a shift in medically attended care and/or coding practices during initial vs subsequent surges of COVID-19, and the importance of using a broad definition of CLI for ongoing surveillance. Disclosures Michael Klompas, MD, MPH, UpToDate (Other Financial or Material Support, Chapter Author)


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vashura ◽  
T. A. Kovtun ◽  
S. S. Lukina

Despite significant achievements in oncopediatrics there is an increasing amount of children with remote consequences of anticancer treatment. Nutritional disorders are one of the key consequences, the main factors of which are taste disorders. Despite the interest in this issue, an increase in the number of studies, the exact genesis and causal relationships of these violations have not yet been established.Objective. To study the characteristics of taste perception in children with hemoblastosis and CNS tumors after treatment. Material and methods. The authors carried out a cross-sectional study, which included 110 children with hematological malignancies (42 patients) and CNS tumors (68 patients) aged from 10 to 17 years. The after – treatment period was 2–5 years. They analyzed the nutritional screening data (body mass index and survey data). A test for the identification of four tastes (sour, bitter, salty, sweet) was carried out with the solutions in a regulated concentration according to the standard GOST ISO 3972-2014.Results. The majority of children had violations of taste: to bitter taste – 64,6%, sweet – 40%, sour – 43,7%, salty – 33,6%. Children with hemoblastosis had more disorders.Parageusia was more common in children with CNS tumors. Obese children have a greater proportion of these disorders compared to children with malnutrition and normal nutritional status. There is no relationship with the frequency of food intake, its regularity andappetite.Conclusion. The authors have confirmed the presence of nutritional disorders and problems with taste perception that persist for a long time after the end of treatment. Apparently, a significant part of them has a peripheral genesis.


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