Hematological and renoprotective effects of folic acid and lentil extract in diclofenac sodium exposed rats

Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

Study of TNF-α, IL-6 and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Vidharbha Region

Background: DM is a metabolic condition caused by deficiencies in insulin synthesis, insulin action, or both. It is characterised by chronic hyperglycemia and glycosuria, as well as abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Diabetes and its complications are believed to be caused by a variety of causes. Genetics, diet, sedentary lifestyle, perinatal causes, age, and obesity are among them. The relationship and interaction of various risk factors with disease severity is still unknown, so the aim of the proposed study was to determine the possible relationship between biochemical markers glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and immunological markers TNF- and IL-6, in order to suggest appropriate measures to reduce the country's diabetes burden. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 people were chosen for the study after visiting Shalinitai Meghe hospital in Nagpur for a health check-up. The three groups were contained in this area. Results: Both biochemical and immunological parameters rose in managed diabetic patients and significantly increased in uncontrolled diabetic patients, according to the report, but values did not differ between groups 1. Conclusion: Low-grade inflammation and inflammatory mediator upregulation have been suggested to play a role in T2DM etiology. TNF- and IL-6 have a positive connection with T2DM and insulin sensitivity, according to our data. These can be used as T2DM biomarkers in the early stages of the disease. To help doctors monitor and treat T2DM successfully, more research on a larger spectrum of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (mediators) in conjunction with other biochemical, immunoassay, and hematological markers is needed.

Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls

Introduction: The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) has been introduced as a novel tool to allow for respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise that can improve performance and hematological markers in elite and well-trained athletes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of wearing ETM while training on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance in elite Kayaking girls. Methods: Thirty elite Kayaking girls (14 to 18-year-old) were equally and randomly assigned into mask, no mask, and control groups. The mask and no-mask groups completed 8 weeks of repeated sprint training, while the control group performed their routine kayaking training programs. Pre- and post-training tests included EPO, VEGF, VO2max, lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance. Results: 1000-m time trial significantly decreased for mask (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.035) groups, and was significantly lower in mask group than control (p = 0.014) and no mask (p = 0.009) groups. EPO did not show any significant changes for all groups. VEGF was increased significantly for mask (p = 0.04) and no mask (p = 0.014) groups. Lactate was decreased significantly for mask group (p = 0.025). VO2max increased significantly for no mask group (p = 0.021). Conclusion: Wearing the ETM while participating in 8 weeks of repeated sprint training might improve specific blood markers and endurance performance, especially anaerobic pathways. Performing repeated sprint training while wearing ETM has the potential to enhance performance in Kayak racing.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICALAND HEMATOLOGICAL MARKERS IN COVID 19 PATIENTS AT DEDICATED COVID CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN

Introduction: - Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that threatens the biosecurity of all countries and spreading rapidly worldwide. Early diagnosis of the disease is essential because of high infectivity and mortality rates of COVID-19. Aims and objective: -The study was to observe and compare the clinical, biochemical and hematological proles between high dependency unit (HDU), Intensive care unit (ICU) and pregnant women with conrmed COVID 19 positive RT-PCR. Material and methods: - This study is conducted in COVID-19 dedicated Tertiary Care Hospital attached to RNT Medical College, Udaipur of Southern Rajasthan. Data of all patients with conrmed positive RT-PCR was collected during April 26, 2021 to May 31, 2021 from respective Lab Coordinator appointed for this purpose. SPSS statistics software was used for data statistics and mapping. Continuous variables were expressed as median and IQR (Inter Quarentile Range). Results:- Out of 428 patients 174 patients were in ICU, 235patients were in HDU and 19 patients were pregnant women. Mean age of 428 is 47.32 year ranging 18-86yrs. Among these 428 patients 267(62.38%) patients were males and 161(37.62%) patients were females. The biochemical, coagulation and hematological parameters such as Serum Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, C-Reactive Protein, Blood Sugar, D-Dimer, Prothrombin Time & INR, ESR, WBC, and Absolute Neutrophil Count were statistically signicant(p<0·05) across all comparisons(ICU,HDU and pregnant women). IL6 (Interleukin-6) and Hemoglobin were signicantly (p<0·05) lower in pregnant women as compare to ICU patients. Absolute lymphocyte count, Platelet, Platelet lymphocyte ratio were signicantly (p<0·05) lower in HDU patients as compare to ICU patients. Conclusion:- The present study has evaluated the clinical utility of biochemical parameter such as Ferritin, CRP, LDH, D-Dimer, and hematological markers like WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes as signicant predictors of COVID-19 outcome.

Peri-Surgical Inflammatory Profile Associated with Mini-Invasive or Standard Open Lumbar Interbody Fusion Approaches

Background: Different surgical approaches are available for lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) to treat disc degeneration. However, a quantification of their invasiveness is lacking, and the definition of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has not been biochemically detailed. We aimed at characterizing the inflammatory, hematological, and clinical peri-surgical responses to different LIF techniques. Methods: 68 healthy subjects affected by single-level discopathy (L3 to S1) were addressed to MIS, anterior (ALIF, n = 21) or lateral (LLIF, n = 23), and conventional approaches, transforaminal (TLIF, n = 24), based on the preoperative clinical assessment. Venous blood samples were taken 24 h before the surgery and 24 and 72 h after surgery to assess a wide panel of inflammatory and hematological markers. Results: martial (serum iron and transferrin) and pro-angiogenic profiles (MMP-2, TWEAK) were improved in ALIF and LLIF compared to TLIF, while the acute phase response (C-reactive protein, sCD163) was enhanced in LLIF. Conclusions: MIS procedures (ALIF and LLIF) associated with a reduced incidence of post-operative anemic status, faster recovery, and enhanced pro-angiogenic stimuli compared with TLIF. LLIF associated with an earlier activation of innate immune mechanisms than ALIF and TLIF. The trend of the inflammation markers confirms that the theoretically defined mini-invasive procedures behave as such.

Hematological Profiles of Patients Referred to Intensive Care Unit Due to COVID-19 in Southern Saudi Arabia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic infection that emerged in December 2019 leading to an outbreak worldwide. We aimed to investigate the hematological parameters and coagulation profiles specifically for the referral of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to intensive care unit (ICU) due to the severity of illness to determine a pathognomonic association of infection severity and the hematological markers. The pathognomonic markers could assist physicians in better management of the infection to reduce mortality and morbidity. Thirty patients infected with COVID-19 who were receiving treatment during November and October 2020, in the ICU at Asir Central Hospital, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. The age of patients ranged between 30 and 90 years old. COVID-19 patients in the ICU displayed a statistical reduction in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HBG), and hematocrit (HCT). Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytopenia were significant in ICU COVID-19 patients.�Hematological parameters and coagulation profiles may be used as signs to predict the severity of the coronavirus infection. COVID-19 cases in the ICU showed a dramatic change in hematological parameters and coagulation profiles, indicating that the virus may interfere with hemoglobin, platelet, and immune cell functions through either inhibition or stimulation, leading to severe complications.