Autonomous Smart Device for COVID-19 Detection Using Artificial Intelligence

Corona is a pandemic disease and is spreading all over the world. There is also lack of corona virus detection machines. If it is detected at very early stages without pathological intervention, then further spreading of the disease can be controlled, and many of human lives can be saved. So, the proposed biomedical device can be used for fast and accurate prediction of COVID-19 from chest x-rays. X-ray can also be taken from anywhere and sent through any communication medium. Even if error is added, it can be removed using error concealment algorithms. Automated AI-based systems will be used for prediction of normal, COVID-19, and pneumonic cases from x-ray images. It makes detection of COVID-19 infection less costly and portable. This device can be stored in less stringent conditions, making it more effective.

Devices Used by 112 Personnel in the Covid-19 Pandemic Process, Validation and Problems Encountered

The emergency health service is for all interventions that are made up of people who have received special education in their field, who work together in order to provide the best emergency response to the sick and injured in the shortest time possible in line with the possibilities available. In this context, although the emergency health service provided during the pandemic process requires the implementation of special procedures for healthcare professionals, it is important in the validation of the biomedical devices used during the provision of this service. Especially the fact that this process was a disaster that took place in an unexpected time period caused everyone to be caught unprepared and this situation caused the current workload of healthcare workers to increase even more. In this study, we conducted a literature search to shed light on the problems experienced by 112 emergency healthcare professionals during the pandemic period and how the validation of the biomedical devices used by these personnel in the ambulance should be. The type of research is descriptive research. The Covid-19 pandemic was accepted as a case and the literature was reviewed, with this case being the focus. During the literature search, up-to-date keywords such as "emergency health service, Covid-19, disaster preparedness, emergency aid unit employees, biomedical device technologies", which are also mentioned in the keywords, were scanned. Care was taken to ensure that the studies included in the review section were up to date and in accordance with the academic guide. In addition, due to the limitation of resources in the validation section of the research, assistance was received from the relevant legislation and expert medical company engineers and from the active staff in the field of healthcare professionals' problems. As a result of this research, we have reached the conclusion that legal regulations should be made regarding the problems experienced by healthcare professionals due to the pandemic and that existing standards related to device validation should be updated after the pandemic.

Aptamers for Detection and Diagnostics (ADD): Can mobile systems linked to biosensors support molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2? Should molecular medicine explore multiple alternatives as adjuvants to or replacement for traditional and non-traditional vaccines?

Proposed SARS-CoV-2 surveillance tool using a mobile app for non-invasive monitoring of humans and animals. <p>Engineering a biomedical device as a low-cost, non-invasive, detection, and diagnostic platform for surveillance of infections in humans, and animals. The system embraces the IoT <i>“digital by design”</i> metaphor by incorporating elements of connectivity, data sharing and (secure) information arbitrage. Using an array of aptamers to bind viral targets may help in detection, diagnostics, and potentially prevention in case of SARS-CoV-2. The ADD tool may become part of a broader platform approach.</p>

Aptamers for Detection and Diagnostics (ADD): Can mobile systems linked to biosensors support molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2? Should molecular medicine explore multiple alternatives as adjuvants to or replacement for traditional and non-traditional vaccines?

Proposed SARS-CoV-2 surveillance tool using a mobile app for non-invasive monitoring of humans and animals. <p>Engineering a biomedical device as a low-cost, non-invasive, detection, and diagnostic platform for surveillance of infections in humans, and animals. The system embraces the IoT <i>“digital by design”</i> metaphor by incorporating elements of connectivity, data sharing and (secure) information arbitrage. Using an array of aptamers to bind viral targets may help in detection, diagnostics, and potentially prevention in case of SARS-CoV-2. The ADD tool may become part of a broader platform approach.</p>

Aptamers for Detection and Diagnostics (ADD): Can mobile systems process optical data from aptamer sensors to identify molecules indicating presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus? Should healthcare explore aptamers as drugs for prevention as well as its use as adjuvants with antibodies and vaccines?

Proposed SARS-CoV-2 surveillance tool using a mobile app for non-invasive monitoring of humans and animals. <p>Engineering a biomedical device as a low-cost, non-invasive, detection, and diagnostic platform for surveillance of infections in humans, and animals. The system embraces the IoT <i>“digital by design”</i> metaphor by incorporating elements of connectivity, data sharing and (secure) information arbitrage. Using an array of aptamers to bind viral targets may help in detection, diagnostics, and potentially prevention in case of SARS-CoV-2. The ADD tool may become part of a broader platform approach.</p>

Aptamers for Detection and Diagnostics (ADD): Can mobile systems process optical data from aptamer sensors to identify molecules indicating presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus? Should healthcare explore aptamers as drugs for prevention as well as its use as adjuvants with antibodies and vaccines?

Proposed SARS-CoV-2 surveillance tool using a mobile app for non-invasive monitoring of humans and animals. <p>Engineering a biomedical device as a low-cost, non-invasive, detection, and diagnostic platform for surveillance of infections in humans, and animals. The system embraces the IoT <i>“digital by design”</i> metaphor by incorporating elements of connectivity, data sharing and (secure) information arbitrage. Using an array of aptamers to bind viral targets may help in detection, diagnostics, and potentially prevention in case of SARS-CoV-2. The ADD tool may become part of a broader platform approach.</p>

Streptomyces sp.—A Treasure Trove of Weapons to Combat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Associated with Biomedical Devices

Biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are among the most frequent causes of biomedical device-related infection, which are difficult to treat and are often persistent and recurrent. Thus, new and effective antibiofilm agents are urgently needed. In this article, we review the most relevant literature of the recent years reporting on promising anti-MRSA biofilm agents derived from the genus Streptomyces bacteria, and discuss the potential contribution of these newly reported antibiofilm compounds to the current strategies in preventing biofilm formation and eradicating pre-existing biofilms of the clinically important pathogen MRSA. Many efforts are evidenced to address biofilm-related infections, and some novel strategies have been developed and demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical studies. Nevertheless, more in vivo studies with appropriate biofilm models and well-designed multicenter clinical trials are needed to assess the prospects of these strategies.

Device for Hand Motor Rehabilitation, Using Grip Force Sensing

Current treatments for rehabilitation of prehensile movements or recovery of grip strength are generally subjective, which means that the results are based on the perception of the physiotherapist who performs the treatment. However, there may be many reasons for altering these results, from errors in the perception to a possible misdiagnosis. Reason for which it is necessary to keep a record of the progress of recovery of grip strength. These records even make it possible to determine if the treatment is successful or quantify how much the patient is improving. Due to these problems, a biomedical device has been developed to measure and store the grip force in hand motor rehabilitation. It starts with an input device that measures the grip strength and stores this information in a database. These data are presented on a small screen for the patient and on a computer for the physiotherapist. According to the force exerted in the grip handle, the system measures the changes in grip force. It displays them on a different screen from the patient perspective and the physiotherapist's perspective. The developed device facilitates the follow-up and monitoring of results of hand motor rehabilitation for the specialist. It also involves the patient in active participation, improving the success rate in the recovery process.

Grasping with kirigami shells

The ability to grab, hold, and manipulate objects is a vital and fundamental operation in biological and engineering systems. Here, we present a soft gripper using a simple material system that enables precise and rapid grasping, and can be miniaturized, modularized, and remotely actuated. This soft gripper is based on kirigami shells—thin, elastic shells patterned with an array of cuts. The kirigami cut pattern is determined by evaluating the shell’s mechanics and geometry, using a combination of experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical modeling, which enables the gripper design to be both scalable and material independent. We demonstrate that the kirigami shell gripper can be readily integrated with an existing robotic platform or remotely actuated using a magnetic field. The kirigami cut pattern results in a simple unit cell that can be connected together in series, and again in parallel, to create kirigami gripper arrays capable of simultaneously grasping multiple delicate and slippery objects. These soft and lightweight grippers will have applications in robotics, haptics, and biomedical device design.