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2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita Kathuria ◽  
Mit Joshi ◽  
Bhoomika M. Patel ◽  
Mahaveer Dhobi

Background: Lantana camara L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It originated in Tropical America in Southern Georgia and to the North of Texas and was introduced in Calcutta, India in the year 1809 as an ornamental hedge. The plant L. Camara is also distributed in Southeast Asia, China, Australia, Brazil, West Indies, Kenya, Mexico, East Africa, Tanzania. Many of its phytoconstituents possess medicinal properties which are used traditionally to treat fever, uterine hemorrhage, and excess menstrual discharge, chronic ulcers, rheumatism, gonorrhea, toothache, gastrointestinal pain, etc, and has been used in Brazil for curing malaria, mange, headaches, colds, and fevers. Objectives: The review elaborates traditional practices, phytochemistry of Lantana camara L. along with the role of Lantana camara in various types of cancers. Method: The data on L. camara was collected through different online databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar. Results: Major phytoconstituents isolated from the plant shows anticancer activity specially lantadene A-D, icterogenin, oleanolic acid, lantacamaric acid A, B, oleanonic acid, etc. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate its potential for various cancers. Certain extracts, isolated compounds, and their semi-synthetic derivatives have depicted a significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect. Conclusion: Clinical studies are not yet established, therefore, making it crucial to direct future researches in that area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Dian Maulina ◽  
Riski Sartika

Belimbing wuluh is one of the species in the family (Averrhoa). It is estimated that this plant comes from tropical America, this plant grows well in its country of origin, while Indonesia is mostly kept in the yard and sometimes grows wild in the fields or forest edges. In general, wuluh starfruit for the people of Aceh is used as a spice called sunti acid. Starfruit can also be used as a raw material for making soap which has properties to inhibit premature aging and overcome acne problems because starfruit contains vitamins A and C.Belimbing wuluh is also known as a plant that grows in the yards of Acehnese houses, which every time it bears fruit it will produce quite a lot of fruit, if it is not used for making processed products, the fruit will rot on the tree or fall on the ground. Based on the abundant raw materials, this research will focus on "Utilization of Starfruit for Making Facial Cleansing Solid Soap". The purpose of this research is to make solid soap with additional ingredients of starfruit, and produce solid facial soap from starfruit in the form of face wash sticks so that it is easy to use. The research method used is an experimental method which produces three samples that meet the 2016 SNI standard with a moisture content of 10% and a degree of acidity (pH) 10. From the three samples, the first sample had a hardness that matches the characteristics of solid soap.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Zhou ◽  
Linying Wang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
L. Ruby Leung

AbstractLakes are critical natural resources that are vulnerable to climate change. In a warmer climate, lake evaporation is projected to increase globally, but with substantial variation between regions. Here, based on ensemble projections of climate and lake models and an attribution method, we show that future lake evaporation increase is strongly modulated by regional hydroclimate change. Specifically, a drying hydroclimate will amplify evaporation increase by enlarging surface vapor pressure deficit and reducing cloud shortwave reflection. Future lake evaporation increase is amplified in tropical America, the Mediterranean and Southeast China with drier future hydroclimates, and dampened in high latitudes and the Tibetan Plateau with wetter future hydroclimates. Such spatially coupled changes in lake evaporation and hydroclimate have important implications on regional lake water balance and volume change, which can aggravate water scarcity and flood risks.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 525 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN ◽  
ANNA LUIZA ILKIU-BORGES

Mount Roraima, at the geographical tripoint of Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela, is famous for its richness in rare and endemic species. Here we report two unusual ramicolous liverwort species from the north ridge of the mountain, located within the borders of the country of Guyana: Frullania (sect. Microphyllae) trigona and Metzgeria deniseana sp. nov. Frullania section Microphyllae is a group of ten species within subgenus Frullania, distributed in eastern Asia, Europe and tropical America, and characterized by the small dioicous plants with ocelli, caducous leaf lobes and tiny underleaves. Frullania trigona is one of the rarest species of the section and was only known from the type collection from Guadeloupe. It is recognized by the obclavate lobules with a very small mouth, leaf margins with protruding whitish trigones and the presence of a huge attachment cell at the dorsal leaf bases. The latter two features are unusual in Frullania and are unique to F. trigona. Metzgeria deniseana is a new member of the genus Metzgeria with saccate thallus lobes (= former genus Austrometzgeria) and stands out by the very irregular shaped sacs, varying from subglobose to strongly elongate, thallus margins with a wide and ill-defined border, and strongly convex gemmae with revolute margins. The discovery of Frullania trigona and Metgeria deniseana adds two further noteworthy species to the rich liverwort flora of Mount Roraima.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Daniel Lima ◽  
Orangel Aguilera ◽  
Marcos Tavares

Abstract The spider crabs Willinachoides santanai n. gen. n. sp. from the early-middle Miocene of north Brazil and Paradasygyius rodriguezi n. sp. from the late Miocene of Venezuela are described and illustrated. Additionally, Eoinachoides senni Van Straelen, 1933, from the late Oligocene–early Miocene of Venezuela, is redescribed based on photographs of the holotype, and the diagnosis of Eoinachoides latispinosus Carriol, Muizon, and Secretan, 1987, from the late Miocene of Peru, is emended also on the basis of photographs of the holotype. The past distribution points to a Tethyan background for the current amphi-American Inachoididae, with the oldest fossil species known from the early Eocene Tethyan regions (Pakistan and Italy), and from the late Eocene–late Pliocene of the Americas. The high number of monotypic genera in Inachoididae could be the result of rapid dispersion followed by diversification during the Neogene of the tropical America, facilitated by global and regional events (e.g., eustatic sea level changes, the Mi-1 Oligocene-Miocene boundary global cooling, the global warming period of the Middle Miocene Climate maximum, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and marine incursions into the Amazon Basin). The shoaling and final closure of the Central American Seaway are thought to have critically affected the evolution of the inachoidids and shaped their current distribution patterns. UUID: http://zoobank.org/6275fdc4-4bfa-4873-9320-3143d4915172.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 64622
Author(s):  
Andi Eko Maryanto ◽  
Andi Salamah ◽  
Citra Karina Windarti ◽  
Mutia Syadewi

Synedrella nodiflora is an invasive species originated from tropical America and now has spread throughout Indonesia. We analysed the ability of Synedrella nodiflora from the level of HSP70 gene expression at different heat stress in urban tropical lowland landscape Universitas Indonesia.  We used the qPCR to quantify the level of HSP70 gene expression and analysed using Pfaffl model. We found the level of HSP70 gene expression got higher related to elevated temperature from 29oC to 39oC with a range of fold from 123.1 to 1676.9. This ability reflects the adaptive plasticity of Synedrella nodiflora in the course of the invasion process. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igo Torres Lima ◽  
Josiel Silva Crispim ◽  
Olimpio Pereira de Sá Neto ◽  
Rafael Timóteo de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Luiz Antônio Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
...  

Abstract Organic semiconductors have been widely employed in developing new green energy solutions with good cost-efficiency compromise, such as Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs). The light-harvesting process in OPVs is a crucial aspect, which still needs improvements. In this context, the Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have arisen as a technically and economically credible alternatives. In this work, we have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the electronic and optical properties of the four natural dyes found in the seeds of annatto (Bixa Orellana L.), which is a natural dye widely found in tropical America. Different DFT functionals, and basis sets, were used in the calculations of the bixin, norbixin, and their trans-isomers (molecules present in Bixa Orellana L.). All molecules present a conjugated backbone with nine double bonds. We observed that the planarity of the molecules and their similar extension for the conjugation pathways provide substantially delocalized wavefunctions of the frontier orbitals and similar values for their energies. Moreover, our findings showed a strong absorption peak in the blue region and the absorption band over the visible spectrum, thus indicating that molecules are good candidates for organic electronic and optoelectronic applications. The results were contrasted with the experimental data.


IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yu ◽  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Shi-Liang Liu ◽  
Shan Shen ◽  
Li-Wei Zhou

ABSTRACTResinicium, belonging to Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, is a worldwide genus of corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi. To improve the knowledge of species diversity within the Hymenochaetales, two dozen specimens from Asia-Pacific preliminarily identified to be members of Resinicium sensu lato were carefully studied from morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. From these specimens, a new monotypic genus Skvortzoviella, and five new species, viz. Resinicium austroasianum, R. lateastrocystidium, Skvortzovia dabieshanensis, S. qilianensis and Skvortzoviella lenis are described; moreover, a new basal lineage of Resinicium represented by a Vietnam specimen and three Chinese specimens of S. pinicola are identified. The six newly proposed taxa are morphologically compared with related genera and species, while the family positions of Resinicium, Skvortzovia, and Skvortzoviella within the Hymenochaetales are still ambiguous. In addition, the ancestral geographic origin of Resinicium, even though inconclusive, is now thought to be Asia-Pacific instead of tropical America as previously assumed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Ramesh Babu ◽  
Perumal Pachippan ◽  
Raja Manoharan ◽  
Sonika Joshi ◽  
Deepika Kalyan ◽  
...  

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous Lepidopteran pest, a native to tropical and sub-tropical America and recently it has invaded the African and Asian countries. Presently, the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) - gene based molecular characterization of FAW samples from the maize fields of southern Rajasthan has revealed the occurrence of corn and rice strains there. The occurrence of such S. frugiperda population of Rajasthan region could be traced its origin from the Florida-Caribbean region or African region. Further, the Tpi gene region analysis showed that the S.frugiperda forms found in the maize fields are only the corn strains. In the Indian Rajasthan populations of FAW, the Tpi-variant2 category is the highest one and is then followed by the Tpi-variant1 and Tpi-variant3 was unique with C and T at Tpie4192 and Tpie4198, respectively. Further research is needed towards the confirmation of these tentatively identified strains of S. frugiperda that would in turn helpful for the proper monitoring, host-plant identification and the effective management of such pests.


Author(s):  
Sumeet Magotra ◽  
Ajeet Pal Singh ◽  
Amar Pal Singh

Lemongrass is the aromatic plant Cymbopogon citratus, which belongs to the Gramineae family. The name Cymbopogon comes from the Greek word "kymbe –pogon," which means "boat-beard". Cymbopogon citratus, a perennial fragrant grass native to South India and Sri Lanka, is now widely grown throughout tropical America and Asia. The essential oil is extracted from freshly cut and slightly dried leaves, which are used medicinally, Pharmacological properties of Cymbopogon citratus are extensively explored, however, research suggests that other species may prove helpful pharmaceutically.


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