infrastructure system
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Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Elke Mertens ◽  
Richard Stiles ◽  
Nilgül Karadeniz

Green infrastructure is presented as a novel and innovative approach in the current environmental planning discourse, but how new is it really? An historical overview of planning ideas in both the urban and the rural contexts indicates that the concept, if not the term, “green infrastructure” has a very long and distinguished pedigree in the field of landscape and open space planning. To determine how far the concept is indeed new, definitions of green infrastructure from the literature are examined. While “green” has long been loosely used as a synonym for natural features and vegetation in the planning context, “infrastructure” is the part of the term which is really novel. Infrastructure is otherwise understood as being either “technical” or “social”, and the common features of these otherwise very different forms are considered in order to gain a better understanding of how they might also relate to a new interpretation of green infrastructure. A number of international case studies of different “green infrastructure” projects are then presented, again to better understand their common features and potential relationship to other infrastructure types. Finally, the necessity to consider green and blue areas together and to take them as seriously as other forms of infrastructure is emphasized. The developing climate and biodiversity crises underline the urgency of implementing a flexible and multifunctional green-blue infrastructure system. This must be carefully integrated into the existing fabric of both urban and rural landscapes and will require an appropriately resourced administration and management system, reflecting its beneficial impacts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Faheem Ahmed Malik ◽  
Laurent Dala ◽  
Krishna Busawon

To create a safe bicycle infrastructure system, this article develops an intelligent embedded learning system using a combination of deep neural networks. The learning system is used as a case study in the Northumbria region in England’s northeast. It is made up of three components: (a) input data unit, (b) knowledge processing unit, and (c) output unit. It is demonstrated that various infrastructure characteristics influence bikers’ safe interactions, which is used to estimate the riskiest age and gender rider groups. Two accurate prediction models are built, with a male accuracy of 88 per cent and a female accuracy of 95 per cent. The findings concluded that different infrastructures pose varying levels of risk to users of different ages and genders. Certain aspects of the infrastructure are hazardous to all bikers. However, the cyclist’s characteristics determine the level of risk that any infrastructure feature presents. Following validation, the built learning system is interoperable under various scenarios, including current heterogeneous and future semi-autonomous and autonomous transportation systems. The results contribute towards understanding the risk variation of various infrastructure types. The study’s findings will help to improve safety and lead to the construction of a sustainable integrated cycling transportation system.


Author(s):  
Ganjar Asdi Sudrajat

The development of technology, communication, and information has had a major impact and has also changed people's perceptions of public services. People want public services that are fast, transparent, accountable, and accessible. Digital transformation is an effort made by the government to meet people's expectations for public services. The Ministry of Finance is one of the institutions that has been able to implement digital transformation programs in the public sector. The digital transformation program carried out allows the Ministry of Finance to quickly adapt to new habits at work during the Covid-19 pandemic to maintain the continuity of the organization's tasks. This study aims to determine the various factors that support the implementation of the digital transformation program at the Ministry of Finance. The study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data was obtained through a literature study by examining various literatures related to the Ministry of Finance's digital transformation program. The results of the study show that the digital transformation program at the Ministry of Finance is strongly supported by the commitment and full support of the leader, resources (infrastructure, system, human resources, and regulations), and employee engagement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12437
Author(s):  
Jingyan Wu ◽  
Saini Yang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Xihui Yin

Understanding the environmental impacts of road networks and the success of policy initiatives is crucial to a country’s socioeconomic development. In this study, we propose a comprehensive approach to quantitatively assessing whether a given response is effective in mitigating the impacts of environmental shocks on roads. Our approach includes factor analysis, direct and indirect loss quantification, and cost-benefit analysis. Using nationwide data on road malfunctions and weather service performance in China, we found that the macro-level indirect economic losses from road malfunctions were more than the direct losses in multiples ranging from 11 to 21, and that information provided by the weather service could reduce losses, with benefits exceeding costs by a ratio of 51. The results of our study provide a quantitative tool as well as evidence of the effectiveness of sustainability investment, which should provide guidance for future disaster mitigation, infrastructure system resilience, and sustainability-building policy-making.


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