plantation development
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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
P Durairasu ◽  
C Sekhar ◽  
A Vidhyavathi

In Tamil Nadu, there were 32 Forest Development Agencies were functioning in 12 Forest Circles. Coimbatore forest circle is the one in which three FDAs were established and this formed the study area. The study was carried out in Coimbatore Forest Circle following a Multi Stage Random Sampling technique by selecting three hundred tribal households. FDAs were implementing several activities with the participation of tribes to avert man-animal conflicts and to improve the socio economic status of tribes. This study was focusing on documenting the activities and the participation of tribes in those activities. Among the activities, erection of Elephant trenches, plantation development and the Project Elephant schemes implemented by both Forest and Line Department officials have imparted some impacts in reducing the Man-Animal Conflicts by promoting higher employment generation. Because of higher employment opportunities, the participation of tribes were much influenced in FDA activities which are statistically significant at one per cent level. Besides, impact of FDA implementation, Plantation development activities and wild life protection measures are also discussed.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yong Xia ◽  
Zhenbo Cui ◽  
Chengyou Cao

Revegetation by planting shrubs on moving sand dunes is widely used to control desertification in arid/semi-arid areas. The soil including microbial community can gradually be improved along with plantation development. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the responses of microbial communities involved in the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus (OP) and dissolution of inorganic P (IOP) in the development of sand-fixating plantation and (2) to discuss the interactions between P turnover microbial communities and soil properties. We assessed the compositions of soil phoD gene (one of the Pho regulons encoding alkaline phosphomonoesterases) and gcd gene (encoding glucose dehydrogenase) in microbial community by using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing in a chronosequence of Caragana microphylla plantations (0-, 10-, 20-, and 37-year plantations and a native C. microphylla shrub forest) in Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China. Soil properties including soil nutrients, enzymatic activity, and P fractions were also determined. The abundance of phoD and gcd genes linearly increased with the plantation age. However, the diversity of soil phoD microbes was more abundant than that of gcd. The phoD gene abundance and the fractions of total OP and IOP were positively correlated with the activity of phosphomonoesterase. Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae were the dominant phoD taxa, while Proteobacteria and Rhizobiaceae were the dominant gcd taxa. Plantation development facilitated the progressive successions of soil phoD and gcd communities resulting from the increase in the abundance of dominant taxa. Total soil N, NH4-N, and available K were the main factors affecting the structures of phoD and gcd communities, while pH was not significantly influencing factor in such arid and nutrient-poor sandy soil. Many phoD or gcd OTUs were classified into Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, suggesting the coupling relationship between soil P turnover and N fixation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Difa Umayah ◽  
Eko Priyo Purnomo ◽  
Mochammad Iqbal Fadhlurrohman ◽  
Aqil Teguh Fathani ◽  
Lubna Salsabila

Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the governance of sustainable oil palm plantation development in Jambi Province through an analysis of the role of the Jambi Provincial Government’s policies in realizing sustainable oil palm plantation management. The study used a qualitative approach to explain current findings on the sustainable development of oil palm plantations in Jambi province. The data in this study used an analysis of Jambi Province policy documents related to the oil palm plantation sector’s growth and development. This study’s results indicate the Jambi Province local government’s commitment to realizing environmentally friendly oil palm plantations. These results can be seen from the legal, licensing, and limitation aspects by applying the 7 ISPO principles, namely the application of oil palm development permits, application of technical guidelines for oil palm cultivation and management, environmental management and monitoring of oil palm plantations, responsibility for oil palm plantation workers palm oil, responsibility for the social community of oil palm plantations, empowerment of community economic activities and increase the sustainable business of palm oil plantations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Liguo Dong ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiong Bai ◽  
Jiawen Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims: During plantation development, microbial composition and diversity are critical for the establishment of plant diversity and multiple ecosystem functions. Here we aimed to evaluate the impacts of chronosequence and soil compartment on the bacterial and fungal community compositions, species co-occurrence, and assembly processes in forest ecosystem.Methods: Soils were collected in rhizosphere and bulk soils along a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation chronosequence (15, 30 and 60 years old). The bacterial and fungal communities were determined using amplicon sequencing.Results: The effect of stand age on the soil properties and microbial community structures was stronger than the effect of the soil compartment. In all soil samples, the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. Higher turnover rates of soil microbial communities were observed in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. Dispersal limitation governed the bacterial and fungal community assembly in all soil samples, and the fungal community was more susceptible to dispersal limitation. The bacterial and fungal keystone species compositions in the rhizosphere had significant positive correlations with the soil total phosphorus and nitrite nitrogen and total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively, indicating their importance in soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. The complexity of bacterial networks increased along the chronosequence. Fungal network complexity did not show a clear age-related trend but increased from bulk soil to the rhizosphere.Conclusions: During Pinus tabulaeformis plantation development, soil microbial assembly was less environmentally constrained due to an increase in resource availability.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Roland Cochard ◽  
Bien Thanh Vu ◽  
Dung Tri Ngo

Since 1990 acacia-based tree plantations have fast expanded in Vietnam, now supporting a multi-billion-dollar export-oriented wood industry which is transforming from woodchip production to value-added products. Within this dynamic context, tree farmer associations have started to produce sawlogs under FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification. In this paper, we retrace the development of plantation assets, investigating farmers’ current livelihoods and land management, specifically considering various aspects of sustainability. We interviewed 180 tree farmers in three districts (lowland–upland regions) of Thừa Thiên Huế Province, including sawlog producers with and without FSC and smallholder producers of woodchips. Acacia planting in ‘barren lands’ was initiated through state programs in the 1990s (low-/midlands) and 2010s (uplands). Farmers now producing FSC sawlogs were among the first to gain forestland tenure; they now own large plantations (on good terrain), are in tune with policies and maintain resources/capacities to adopt management in line with FSC standards. Yet, most farmers also retain plots for easy-to-manage and low-risk woodchip production. Soil/vegetation conservation depends on farmers’ status/capacities and environmental awareness; FSC membership added economic-political benefits. Findings are discussed within a regional historic context. Plantations contribute to economic development, but issues persist/emerged in terms of land equity and environmental governance, risks (e.g., plant pathogens), and spaces/impetus for farm-based innovation and adaptiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
S Wahyuni ◽  
S H Susilowati ◽  
R D Yofa ◽  
D H Azahari

Abstract Women have important role in farming activities they have and running their household. This paper aims to analyze gender-based working time allocation in farming plantation to support the fifth SDGs “gender equality”. The data source was from a micro panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) done by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Ministry of Agriculture, in 2009 and 2018. The qualitative research was adopted, data analyzed descriptively by comparing results in 2009 and 2018. The results showed that the time allocation for female workers outside the family per hectare in 2018 increased compared to 2009 for sugarcane, rubber, and cacao commodities. The allocation of labor time in women’s families also increased in sugarcane (+ 37%) and rubber (+ 33%) but decreased for cacao (-55%) and oil palm (-42%) because were replaced by labor from outside the family. The allocation of time for labor within the family and outside the family in both 2009 and 2018 was dominated by male workers. Male and female laborer have certain activity in plantation farming and in general wages of male laborers are higher than those of women. In 2009 the labor wage difference was IDR 5,163 and getting higher in 2018 ranging from IDR 6,048 (cacao) to IDR 9,302 (sugarcane). Suggested that to increase the participation of women in plantation farming, special improvement should be addressed to women’s capacities in technical, managerial, wages system and problems of women’s working on plantations which showed increasing labor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
L Abdulah ◽  
A Irawan ◽  
D I D Arini ◽  
R Suryaningsih

Abstract Cempaka or Magnolia spp. is categorised into primary local wood mostly used by the people in North Sulawesi. Efforts to cultivate cempaka and supply of raw materials continue to be carried out. However, there is no measurement of consumption of cempaka wood at the industrial and household levels. This will threaten the existence of cempaka or cempaka cultivation is not attractive to the Minahasa community. The objective of this study was to obtain the information of consumption ratio of cempaka wood in North Sulawesi in household scale. This study was carried out for approximately eight months in Minahasa, South Minahasa, and North Minahasa. There are 13 industries of cempaka wood in household scale, and 99 respondents are gathered successfully. The study findings indicated that cempaka wood products identified were not only wooden houses construction but also furniture. Average consumption of cempaka wood products in North Sulawesi reached 0.17 m3/capita/annual. If the total population of North Sulawesi reached 2,5 million, the total consumption of cempaka timber was estimated to reach 435,000 m3 annually. With enormous demands for cempaka wood in North Sulawesi compared to its inefficient availability, it is recommended to promote more intensive cempaka plantation development in the region.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yong Xia ◽  
Zhenbo Cui ◽  
Chengyou Cao

Abstract Revegetation by planting shrubs on moving sand dunes is widely used to control desertification in arid/semi-arid areas. The soil microbial community can gradually recover along with plantation development. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the responses of microbial communities involved in the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus (OP) and dissolution of inorganic P (IOP) to the development of sand-fixation plantation and (2) to discuss the interactions between P turnover microbial communities and soil properties. We detected the diversities of soil phoD gene (one of the Pho regulons encoding alkaline phosphomonoesterases) and gcd gene (encoding glucose dehydrogenase) and the compositions of phoD and gcd communities by using the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique in a chronosequence of Caragana microphylla plantations (0-, 10-, 20-, and 37-year plantations and a native C. microphylla shrub forest) in Horqin Sandy Land, northeast China. Soil properties including soil nutrients, enzymatic activity, and P fractions were also determined. The abundance of phoD and gcd genes linearly increased with the plantation age. However, the diversity of soil phoD microbes was more abundant than that of gcd. The phoD gene abundance and the fractions of total OP and IOP were positively correlated with the activity of phosphomonoesterase. Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae were absolutely dominant phoD taxa, while Proteobacteria and Rhizobiaceae were absolutely dominant gcd taxa. Plantation development facilitated the progressive successions of soil phoD and gcd communities resulting from the asymmetric increase in the abundance of dominant taxa. Soil total N, NH4-N, and available K were the main factors affecting the structures of phoD and gcd communities, while pH was not the main influencing factor in such arid and nutrient-poor sandy soil. Many phoD or gcd operational taxonomic units were classified into Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, suggesting the coupling relationship between soil P turnover and N fixation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Cletus Fru Forba ◽  
Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi

There is an apparent nexus between the development of plantations and changes in landcover. The Meme-Mungo Corridor is an example par excellence of a tropical plantation corridor in Cameroon which has witnessed significant expansion in tropical plantations of cocoa, banana, rubber and oil palm, among others. This paper analyzes the connection between land cover changes and plantation development over a 42-year period (1960 and 2012). A total of 100 households were sampled using the systematic sampling technique. Furthermore, multispectral data, obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF, 2005) were used in the classification of the study area. These images were processed using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) software and further compiled into a GIS database using ESRI ArcGIS software. The results showed that between 1960 and 2012, a more than 50% increase in the surface area of plantation crops was registered, leadingto a corresponding change in the land cover situation. Based on this, the study probed into the implications of further plantation development on land cover; further land cover changes could be attributed to the extension of plantations. This paperrecommends among others, the need for intensive agriculture to be encouraged so as to ensure an increase in agricultural output against the backdrop of a decline in agricultural space. Furthermore, augmenting agro-product value chains will stem the loss of agro-produce due to perishability. This will contribute to regulate extensive plantation development in the area.


2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110337
Author(s):  
Travis K Bost

This article examines how social and economic structures of historic plantation development manage to persist over time and to rearticulate over space. In the early 1900s, the historic plantation sugar economy in St Bernard Parish, Louisiana, suddenly collapsed. Despite efforts by local elites to seize this moment to finally launch a diversified industrial development path, the parish nevertheless sank again into a new cycle of plantation domination and dependency. The dominating sugar sector was broken up only to be rapidly replaced by a vast new monopoly—in, of all things, systematized fur production—whose land tenure and labor regime nearly replicated that of the earlier plantation estates. I examine this folding-over-anew of the plantation, from sugar to fur, in two ways that contribute to recent growing literature on persistent plantation geographies. First, I draw upon theories of Caribbean underdevelopment to identify three persistent conditions of plantation economy. Upon the collapse of sugar in St Bernard, the conditions of estate-based land monopoly, racialized extra-economic labor coercion, and external market/primary commodity dependency constrained the possibility of structural transformation and rearticulated in a new commodity regime based in fur. Second, I turn to consider the experience of workers bound up in the new fur economy who were not, in the main, the debt-bound black workers from the old sugar plantations but a racially and spatially marginal group known as isleños. I draw on a unique set wry folk ballads that isleños maintained as part of local oral tradition to examine the voices of trappers themselves as they negotiated the rearticulating structures of the neo-plantation regime. Thinking with McKittrick's concept of plantation “spaces of encounter,” I find these neo-estate workers forged fraught spaces of discursive and material autonomy that at times resisted, and at times reproduced, the ongoing plantation regime.


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