Biomass Valorization to Bioenergy: Assessment of Biomass Residues’ Availability and Bioenergy Potential in Nigeria

The bioenergy sector in Nigeria currently lacks a proper assessment of resource availability. In this study, we investigated the bioenergy potential of agricultural residues and municipal solid and liquid waste using data from 2008 to 2018, and we applied a computational and analytical approach with mild assumptions. The technical potential for the production of cellulosic ethanol and biogas was estimated from the available biomass. It was discovered that higher energy was generated from biogas than cellulosic ethanol for the same type of residue. The available crop residue technical potential of 84 Mt yielded cellulosic ethanol and biogas of 14,766 ML/yr (8 Mtoe) and 15,014 Mm3/yr (13 Mtoe), respectively. Biogas has diverse applications ranging from heat to electric power generation and therefore holds great potential in solving the current electricity crisis in Nigeria. It will also position the nation towards achieving the 7th sustainable development goal (SDG 7) on clean and affordable energy.

TVET engineering students’ perceptions of the value of their qualification and the prospects of employment

The study described in this article explored the ways in which selected technical and vocational education and training (TVET) engineering students perceived their qualifications and employment prospects, given the youth unemployment rate in general and, in particular, that among TVET graduates. While the unemployment rate among South Africans with a tertiary qualification stood at 7%, it appeared to be a staggering 33% among TVET graduates in 2017. In order to gather data from a sample of TVET engineering students, a self-administered qualitative questionnaire was used to collect data from two colleges. A total of 113 TVET engineering students at the two colleges completed the questionnaire. The gender profile of the participants was 64 females and 49 males, who were all between the ages of 18 and 29 years. The findings showed that the TVET engineering qualification does not guarantee employment because of the lack of jobs in the South African economy. Moreover, the participants perceived unemployment as a function of job scarcity rather than of a lack of skills. However, some participants perceived a TVET engineering qualification to be in demand, and this demand is attributed to the electricity crisis/load-shedding in South Africa. The majority of the 79 participants, who perceived unemployment to be an economic crisis, recommended that a solution to unemployment should be to make voluntary service compulsory in both the public and the private sector. To this end, the government should make available funding for small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) and also encourage and fund students to study beyond their undergraduate qualification. As an entry-level requirement for employment, experience is seen as an unfair practice and a barrier to entry for graduates.

The Role of Proactive Leadership in Crisis Management by Mediating Human Resource Reengineering

This research aims to know the role, impact and importance of proactive leadership in crisis management and mediating the re-engineering of human resources. It dealt with the subject of proactive leadership and its relationship with other variables (crisis management, reengineering of human resources), and the dimensions of proactive leadership were represented (proactive personality, proactive behavior), while the crisis management variable represented in its dimensions (crisis characteristics, causes of crisis emergence, stages of crisis emergence, crisis outcomes While the dimensions of the human resource re-engineering variable were (the organizational dimension, the technological dimension, the human dimension), where the study population reached (1250), the researcher chose a sample of (300) including (the director and his assistants, heads of departments and divisions, and employees) and the researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach As well as the use of the statistical program (SPSS), and the study reached a number of results, most notably (there is an effect of proactive leadership in all stages of crisis management, directly or indirectly, from Through the re-engineering of human resources as a mediating variable). The most prominent recommendations are (the necessity of adequate attention to enhance proactive leadership behaviors and make them more influential at the level of the organization as a whole, especially in dealing with and dealing with the electricity crisis.

Iraqi efforts to curb Iran energy dependence will fail

Significance Failures of Iranian gas and electricity supplies have combined with attacks on pylons and a heatwave to cause severe power cuts in Iraq this summer. In the longer term, Tehran’s influence in Baghdad has also exacerbated corruption and mismanagement, hampering solutions to the electricity crisis. Impacts A resolution of the US-Iran nuclear talks would likely improve the reliability of Iranian supplies to Iraq. Ongoing power cuts in both Iraq and Iran will exacerbate the pandemic health emergency and fuel discontent with the government. The current COVID-19 resurgences may further hold up new gas and electricity investment in both countries.

Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System

This paper addresses water scarcity and electricity crisis by designing and implementing smart irrigation system. This system presents the details of a solar-powered automated irrigation system that turns ON/OFF the motor to pass water through the pump required to soil depending on the soil moisture, hence this system minimize the wastage of water. Soil moisture sensor sense the humidity of soil which is transmitted to a remote station. This data will be analyzed and used to pass out water by water pump. This system conserves electricity and conserves water. It is the proposed solution for the now a days energy crisis for the Indian farmers. Cost-effective solar power can be the answer to our energy needs. Solar powered smart irrigation systems are the acknowledgement to the Indian farmer.This system does not work at night in areas without a grid.

Effect of Inadequate Electrification on Nigeria’s Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability

In this study, the impact of the electricity crisis on the economic growth of Nigeria is presented. Unlike other existing studies that checked the effect of electricity consumption on economic development or environmental sustainability for different countries, the present study will further present a techno-economic analysis of a proffered solution to the imminent electricity crisis. Time-series regression models are used to analyze the effect of electricity consumption on economic development and environmental sustainability while RETScreen professional software is used to perform a techno-economic analysis and determine the feasibility of a 500-kW microgrid Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system integrated for electricity generation. From the analysis results, a strong positive correlation effect is evident between electricity consumption and GNI, as well as a strong negative correlation between electricity consumption and gross domestic savings. Also, strong positive correlation effects are evident in the case of carbon emissions by buildings, by the power industry, and by other combustion industries on electricity consumption in Nigeria. Considering the net present value, internal rate of return and payback periods, the use of solar PV systems for electricity generation is feasible in the 12 different locations in Nigeria studied in this research. The most feasible area for solar PV installation is the northern part of Nigeria as Gombe and Kaduna recorded a simple PBP and an equity PBP are 6.3 years and 7.4 years respectively.

Leapfrogging to Solar

Discussions of energy in sub-Saharan Africa tend to focus on leapfrogging, theorizing how some non-Western countries might be able to avoid carbon-intensive fuels, such as coal and oil, and directly start using renewable energy infrastructure, mainly solar. While theories of leapfrogging have been attractive, there has been limited research on how exactly renewable energy resources are adopted in sub-Saharan Africa, especially at times of unreliable access. Drawing on fieldwork with energy professionals in Accra and Tema, Ghana, this article analyzes the transformations in energy infrastructure in Ghana during the period following its 2012–16 electricity crisis, known as dumsor. It argues that an increasing volume of rooftop solar panels installed by affiuent individuals and institutions in the aftermath of the crisis has led to declining participation in the electricity grid, and thereby higher electricity rates for everyone else with no choice but to remain on the grid. In response to such growing inequality, decision-makers searched for innovative business models, appealing to green loans as ways of expanding this class of solar consumers. As a result, while a select few have managed to leapfrog to renewables, others continue to endure the grid, struggling with unsteady electricity provision and increasing tariffs.

Analysis on Altruism-Based Coopetition Game of Oligarchic Enterprises: A Validation of Generation Companies

For the long-term sustainable development, the modern enterprises should consider both competition and cooperation. In the current studies of corporate competition strategies and games, the quantification of cooperation-competition (coopetition) between enterprises is not deeply investigated. In this paper, we establish a coopetition game model of oligarchic enterprises in the industry by using the quantitative altruistic factor and nonlinear cost function, analyze the influence of altruistic factor on equilibrium variables, and then validate it in the generation side market. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the coopetition of any form will increase the market equilibrium price and the total equilibrium profit of the industry, which induces the motivation and intention of cooperation between oligarchic enterprises. (2) The increased unilateral altruism is instable and unsustainable because it will produce an altruistic threshold that makes the total equilibrium profit of the industry increase and then decrease. The unilateral altruism of high-cost generation companies is more beneficial for increasing the total equilibrium profit of the industry, but it is realized in a difficult way. Due to a higher initial altruism level, there is lack of motivation for the increased unilateral altruism. (3) The mutually altruistic coopetition is the most effective way for improving the total equilibrium profit of the industry, but it is hard to finally achieve the complete monopoly because of cost differentiation. (4) The established game model of generation market is more universal and provides a certain quantitative interpretation for electricity crisis.

A feasibility study of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste in Iraq: Najaf case study

In several developing countries, the electricity crisis obstructs both socio-economic and technological sustainable evolution. Also, it leads to reducing job availability due to shut down several industries or relocate to neighbouring countries to such an issue. A Najaf City is an important holy and tourist city in the middle of Iraq country. Indeed, waste management in An Najaf City needs to be reconsidered to be used as an energy source. In this article, we investigated and listed the waste quantity which produced recently (one year) respect to waste types and types of content. Data collected from the waste products for one year and are used as a key factor to study the feasibility of generating electrical energy from collected MSWs. The proposed model was simulated and tested respect to cost analysis factor of the suggested power plant by Homer pro simulation software. Results were very encouraging and competitive to the current energy production cost based on the production cost of the Kwh prospective among the conventional methods in Iraq. The proposed scenario provide proper and secure waste proposal technique with low-cost.