chiloscyllium plagiosum
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Wyffels ◽  
Lance M. Adams ◽  
Frank Bulman ◽  
Ari Fustukjian ◽  
Michael W. Hyatt ◽  
...  

AbstractNon-lethal methods for semen collection from elasmobranchs to better understand species reproduction has accompanied the development of artificial insemination. Ejaculates (n = 82) collected from whitespotted bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum (n = 19) were assessed and cold-stored raw or extended at 4 °C. Females (n = 20) were inseminated with fresh or 24–48 h cold-stored raw or extended semen and paternity of offspring determined with microsatellite markers. Insemination of females with fresh semen (n = 10) resulted in 80 hatchlings and 27.6% fertility. Insemination of females with semen cold-stored 24 h (n = 4) and 48 h (n = 1) semen resulted in 17 hatchlings and fertilization rates of 28.1% and 7.1% respectively. Two females inseminated with fresh or cold-stored semen laid eggs that hatched from fertilization and parthenogenesis within the same clutch. Parthenogenesis rate for inseminated females was 0.71%. Results demonstrate artificial insemination with cold-stored semen can provide a strategy for transport of male genetics nationally and internationally, precluding the need to transport sharks. Production of parthenotes in the same clutch as sexually fertilized eggs highlights the prevalence of parthenogenesis in whitespotted bamboo sharks and poses important considerations for population management.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Salma Nassor Juma ◽  
Xiaoxia Gong ◽  
Sujie Hu ◽  
Zhengbing Lv ◽  
Jianzhong Shao ◽  
...  

Shark is a cartilaginous fish that produces new antigen receptor (IgNAR) antibodies. This antibody is identified with a similar human heavy chain but dissimilar sequences. The variable domain (VNAR) of IgNAR is stable and small in size, these features are desirable for drug discovery. Previous study results revealed the effectiveness of VNAR as a single molecule or a combination molecule to treat diseases both in vivo and in vitro with promising clinical applications. We showed the first evidence of IgNAR alternative splicing from spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), broadening our understanding of the IgNARs characteristics. In this review, we summarize the discoveries on IgNAR with a focus on its advantages for therapeutic development based on its peculiar biochemistry and molecular structure. Proper applications of IgNAR will provide a novel avenue to understand its special presence in cartilaginous fishes as well as designing a number of drugs for undefeated diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong‐Xin Wang ◽  
Dong‐Yan Shen ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Xin‐Heng Xu ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Ping Qin ◽  
Xiaoxia Gong ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Chan Wang ◽  
...  

Whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), a member of the cartilaginous fish family, has an extremely large liver and demonstrates a strong regeneration ability and immune regulation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is an important class of non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidences suggest that circRNAs are a kind of potential regulators. Recently, researchers have isolated and identified different circRNAs from various species, while few reports were on the circRNAs of C. plagiosum. In this study, we have identified a total of 4,558 circRNAs in the liver of C. plagiosum. This finding suggests that circRNAs are not evenly distributed in the chromosomes and follow the GT-AG rule during cyclization. Alternative back-splicing might exist in shark circRNAs as shown by the authenticity identification of predicted circRNAs. The binding strength of circRNAs (<2,000 bp) and the detected miRNAs in shark liver were simultaneously analyzed to construct an mRNA–miRNA–circRNA network for the Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene, and the circRNA authenticity was simultaneously verified. Our data provide not only novel insights into the rich existence of circRNAs in marine animals, but also a basis for characterizing functions of identified circRNAs in the liver homeostasis of C. plagiosum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Lanyi Qin ◽  
Xinyi Cai ◽  
Salma Nassor Juma ◽  
Rong Xu ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 101234
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ming Liu ◽  
Yu-Han Lin ◽  
Sheng-Kai Chang ◽  
Shoou-Jeng Joung ◽  
Kuan-Yu Su

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Ling Wei ◽  
Rong Xu ◽  
Guodong Lin ◽  
Huijie Xin ◽  
...  

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), which is isolated from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), can secrete potential antibacterial materials, such as β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and some antimicrobial peptides. However, the low fermentation production has hindered the development of GBacillus-9 as biological additives. In this study, the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the fermentation conditions in a shake flask to obtain a higher yield and antibacterial activity of GBacillus-9. On the basis of the data from medium screening, M9 medium was selected as the basic medium for fermentation. The data from the single-factor experiment showed that sucrose had the highest antibacterial activity among the 10 carbon sources. The Plackett–Burman design identified sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 as the major variables altering antibacterial activity. The optimal concentrations of these compounds to enhance antibacterial activity were assessed using the central composite design. Data showed that sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 had the highest antibacterial activities at concentrations of 64.8, 1.84, and 0.08 g L−1, respectively. The data also showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for the antibacterial material production of GBacillus-9 were as follows: Inoculum volume of 5%, initial pH of 7.0, temperature of 36 °C, rotating speed of 180 rpm, and fermentation time of 10 h. The optimal fermentation medium and conditions achieved to improve the yield of antibacterial materials for GBacillus-9 can enhance the process of developing biological additives derived from GBacillus-9.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1522-1533
Author(s):  
Xin‐Heng Xu ◽  
Peng‐Fei Lv ◽  
Tong‐Xin Wang ◽  
Bao‐Xuan Wang ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
...  

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