Trends of central obesity and associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors among women of childbearing age in China

Background Obesity among women of childbearing age has becoming an important public health concern. We aimed to describe the trends of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age from 2004 to 2011 and to examine its associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors. Methods Longitudinal data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants consisted of 2481 women aged 15–44 years old. WC (Waist circumference) and WHtR (Waist to height ratio) were adopted as indicators of central obesity. Generalized linear mixed model was performed to analyze the associations of nutrients intake and daily behaviors with central obesity. Results From 2004 to 2011, the prevalence of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age increased from 21.6 to 30.7% (WC as indice) or from 22.8 to 32.6% (WHtR as indice) (both p < 0.001). Protein intake above the AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribution range) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39, p < 0.01) and non-participation in LTPA (Leisure time physical activity) (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.80, p < 0.001) were risk factors for high WC, and the latter was also associated with high WHtR (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10–1.67, p < 0.01). For those women who had high WC & high WHtR, the impacts of protein intake and LTPA became stronger, especial LTPA (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.94, p < 0.001). Age-stratified analyses found that non-participation in LTPA was key factor for central obesity in 15–34 age group, while protein intake above the AMDR was pronounced in the 35–44 age group. Conclusions Non-participation in LTPA and protein intake above the AMDR were significant contributors of central obesity, which could be intervention targets to deal with the growing trend of central obesity among women of childbearing age.

A Case-Control Study On Dietary Nutrition and Dietary Habits of Kazakh Esophageal Cancer Patients in Xinjiang

Objective To explore the causes of esophageal cancer (ESCC) and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of ESCC by analyzing dietary nutrients intake and other blood indicators of Kazakh patients with ESCC.Methods 198 ESCC cases and 200 controls were recruited in Xinjiang. The food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary nutrients intake. After collecting blood samples, the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer was applied to measure serum FA level and serum vitamin B12 level. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to observe the serum DNMT1 level.Results The cholesterol intake of ESCC group was higher than that of the control group while the intakes of protein, thiamin, riboflavin, FA, vitamin A, B6, C and E were lower than the control group. Levels of serum FA and serum vitamin B12 in ESCC group were lower, while the serum DNMT1 level was higher.Conclusion Lacking fresh vegetables, low educational level, low income, alcoholism, eating solid and dry food and smoked meat, dieting irregularly, low serum FA level, high serum DNMT1 level were risky factors of ESCC for Kazakhs. The occurrence of ESCC reduced with the increase of serum FA but increased when serum DNMT1 increased.

Nutritional Status, Selected Nutrients Intake and Their Relationship with the Concentration of Ghrelin and Adiponectin in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: Overnutrition is one of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The factors related to both obesity and CKD are adiponectin and ghrelin. The aim of the study was to assess if there is a link of nutritional status and selected nutrients intake with adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The study involved 55 patients diagnosed with DN in the pre-dialysis period (two groups: GFR < 30 and >30 mL/min/1.73 m2). In all participants standard blood tests, total ghrelin and total adiponectin plasma concentrations and anthropometric measurements (BMI, WHR- waist–hip ratio, body composition analysis) were performed. The evaluation of energy and nutrient intakes was made using the three-day food record method. Results: Excessive body weight was found in 92.80% patients. The average daily energy intake was 1979.67 kcal/day (14.45% protein energy, 28.86% fat, and carbohydrates 56.89%). In the group with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 the analysis showed a negative relationship between ghrelin and WHR value, and the creatine and albumin concentrations. There was a positive correlation between ghrelin concentration and the consumption of carbohydrates and sucrose. In the group of patients with eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a positive correlation was found between the concentration of ghrelin and the consumption of vegetable protein, carbohydrates, and glucose. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of obesity in patients with DN-Excessive supply of protein was found in the patients’ diets, which may contribute to the deterioration of the course of the disease and its prognosis. In patients with eGFR < 30 there was a negative correlation between ghrelin concentration and nutritional status, and in patents with eGFR > 30 between ghrelin concentration and some nutrients intake.

STUNTING DAN ASUPAN PROTEIN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF BALITA

Background: Stunting and nutrients intake are the most important environmental factors for optimizing the cognitive function of toddler and closely related to the quality of life in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between stunting, nutrients intake, and cognitive function of toddler.Methods: Cross sectional study design with purposive sampling technique. Total sample was 42 toddlers aged 36-60 months. Data was collected by interview, anthropometric measurements, and SQ-FFQ. Cognitive function was measured by toddlers development questionnaire reffering to Permendiknas No. 137 of 2014 about national standard for toddler. Data was analyzed by Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact, and multiple logistic regression test.Results: 23.8% of toddlers were stunted and 21.4% were wasted. Adequate intake of toddlers include: magnesium (83.3%), protein (73.8%), and zinc (76.2%). Poor intake of toddlers was iodine (97.6%). The prevalence of poor cognitive function level was 57.1%. There were relationship between stunting (p = 0.044; OR = 10.575) and protein intake (p = 0.016; OR = 15.738) with cognitive function of toddler, which protein intake was the most dominant variable. Wasting, magnesium, and zinc intake were not associated with cognitive function of toddler.Conclution: Stunting and protein intake were related to cognitive function of toddler. Protein intake was the most dominant variable. There was no relationship between wasting, magnesium, and zinc intake with cognitive function of toddler.Keywords: Stunting; Protein intake; Toddler; Cognitive function

Comparison of Nutrients Intake among Pregnant Anemic & Non-Anemic Women

Background: Anemia, interpreted as a low blood hemoglobin values, was considered as a major health complication in the world. However, anemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem in the developing countries, posing high risk of adverse results for expecting mothers as well as their fetus. The aim of study was to compare nutrients' intake among pregnant anemic & non-anemic women. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore over a period of 4 months. The data were collected from 150 pregnant women, including 75 anemic and 75 non-anemic women, through pre-tested questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with help of SPSS version 21.0. Results: Analysis revealed that 34% of women had carbohydrate intake between 0-150 g/day, 44% had protein intake less than 50 g daily, and 36% had daily fat intake between 0-100 g/day. Moreover, 46.7% of the pregnant women were vitamins deficient, 51% were minerals deficient, 52% were iron deficient, 54.7% consumed tea with their meals, 44% had vitamin B3 intake less than 10 mg, 48% had vitamin C intake less than 50 mg, 48% had vitamin A intake between 0-500 RAE, 42% had calcium intake between 0-500 mg, and 31% had iron intake between 0-10 mg. Conclusion: The findings showed that nutrient intake of anemic pregnant women was not sufficient in the protein rich diet; they had high consumption of tea with their meals. Their overall energy intake and micronutrients were less than the required as per recommended dietary allowance in pregnancy.

Evaluation of Nutrients Intake for a Group of Jordanian Older Adults with Sarcopenia Syndrome in Amman: An Explorative and Pilot Study

Aim. Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome that is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. This study was performed in order to evaluate nutrients intake and physical activity level and to investigate the effect of sarcopenia syndrome on food intake for a group of Jordanian older adults with sarcopenia syndrome in Amman. Methodology. The study sample consisted of 25 nonsarcopenic people and 25 sarcopenic patients aged over 60 years old with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. A special questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, health data, data about syndrome characteristics, nutritional assessment, and physical activity level. A 24-hour recall was also used to collect food intake data. Body weight, height, and skinfold thicknesses were measured. Results. The mean of the sarcopenic patients’ age was 77.5 ± 6.9 years, and the mean of the weight was significantly lower in sarcopenic patients than the nonsarcopenic people. In this study, all macronutrients and micronutrients from dietary intake information were analyzed. Vitamin intake (water- and fat-soluble), as well as minerals (major and trace), amino acids, and essential fatty acids, was assessed. The mean intake of energy and carbohydrates, fat, and dietary fiber was lower than their recommendations, while the mean intake of protein was within the range of its recommendations in the sarcopenia group. The mean of the intake of omega 3 and omega 6 was below their recommendations. Conclusion. It could be concluded that sarcopenic older patients in Jordan have similar characteristics with patients studied worldwide with regard to age of patients, female to male ratio, and main symptoms. Sarcopenic older patients in Jordan generally have lower weight and BF% than nonsarcopenic adults and have inadequate dietary intake compared to their recommendations and compared to nonsarcopenic older adults. Therefore, the diet of sarcopenic patients needs modification and follow-up. The level of physical activity and daily living activities for sarcopenic older patients is lower than that of nonsarcopenic older adults.