Metaphor Analysis in Political Discourse Based on Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor: A Case Study

Contrary to the pre-existing mapping and top-down instantiation from thought to language, Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor(DDFM)argues that metaphor works mainly inductively upwards from the linguistic metaphor data, offering a tool for understanding people, revealing something of speaker’s ideas, affective aspects and values. This study is designed to apply DDFM to a political speech about fighting COVID-19 made by Xi Jinping, the president of the People’s Republic of China. Assisted by computer software, such as tables of Microsoft Office, to sort metaphors of each segment of this speech, this article investigates metaphors in the speech by progressive process of metaphor analysis of DDFM. It is found that: (1)The most frequently occurring metaphors are related to bodily action and body experience, which implies actions Chinese government will take.(2)The dynamically emergent systematic metaphors evolve as the discourse proceeds, conveying the political ideas and attitudes of Chinese government in fighting COVID-19.(3) Most of metaphors are conventionalized, which indicates the framing role of conventional metaphors in discourse. Thus, DDFM offers a new approach regarding metaphors in political discourse.

Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in Deutschewelle Newspaper based on the Perspective of Linguistic Relativity

Generally, metaphor is a language style that is often used as a form of creativity in communicating. However, the wider scope of the use of metaphors has led to interference from other aspects, one of which is the cultural aspect. Cultural aspect is considered to play an important role in shaping the way each individual perceives something. To prove this perspective, this study aims to identify whether the use of metaphors can be influenced by culture, when compared to the perspective of linguistic relativity. The object of this research was discourse text in Deutchewelle newspapers in Indonesian and German. The 5-Step Metaphor Analysis Method was used in this research. From the results of the meaning analysis that has been done, it shows that there is a conceptual metaphor use which is influenced by cultural aspect. This means that the use of metaphors based on the perspective of linguistic realativity is acceptable.

Metaphorical Perceptions of Academicians and Engineers on the Conceptions of Game and Exercise: The Case of Boston, Massachusetts

Games and exercises, which have an important place in the life of the individual in every developmental period of humans as a social being contribute to the communication and interaction of the individual with the environment, to the development of social cognitive skills such as problem-solving, analytical thinking, creative thinking, and reasoning as well as positively affecting the physical and mental development. Individuals, who try to survive in a mentally and physically challenging and demanding work pace or by being inactive for a long time in front of a computer screen, spend their energy through games, exercises, and physical activities, and can be discharged by relaxing. In this respect, it is possible to evaluate the entire games, exercises, and physical activities as a driving force to gather energy again after a tiring work tempo or as a source of motivation to move away from mental and physical fatigue. It is considered that performing activities such as exercises and playing games by individuals, considering them as a way of life and evaluating the factors, which keep individuals away from these activities, can be possible by explaining individual perceptions on these issues. In the light of these data, the meanings and values associated with the concepts of games and exercises by academics and engineers who live in different cultural structures, who cannot allocate adequate time for games and exercises in a compulsory work tempo, or who can acquire internal and external motivation via games and exercises as well as exercise frequency and playing times. The present study was conducted to examine the perceptions of academics and engineers on the concepts of game and exercise via metaphor analysis in June 2019 with the participation of scientists, academicians, and engineers who participated in the 2019 International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center in Boston, MA, USA, which was held with the participation of many scientists, academicians, and engineers from all over the world as a total of 135 participants, 56 women and 79 men, who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, made up the study group. The metaphor analysis form that was prepared by the researcher was used in obtaining the data to reveal the perceptions of the participants about the concepts of game and exercise. The participants were asked to complete the statements with the statements of “Game is like … because …” and “Exercise is like … because …” in addition to their age, gender, nationality, residence, occupation, perceived income status, and educational status. After the data were analyzed, various metaphors for the concepts of game and exercise were detected. Also, different game playing times and exercise frequencies emerged as a result of the self-evaluation of each participant.

Answering the charge?

From 1850 to 1980 the Norwegian state pursued a policy of Norwegianization of the Sami, where schools played an important part in the attempt to turn Sami children into Norwegian citizens. Pupils lived in boarding schools where all teaching was in Norwegian and it was forbidden to speak Sami, both in and out of the classroom. This article examines metaphors in three types of material: Norwegian textbooks; Sami literature in these textbooks; and Sami testimony literature. The aim is to find out how the Norwegian state used its power to stigmatize Sami identity through metaphors in textbooks, and how Sami writers show their resistance to Norwegianization through metaphors in Sami literary texts and Sami testimony literature. The analysis also examines whether metaphors are signalled or not, in order to see if they are open to negotiation or taken as self-evident, and if signalling can be related to genre. One central finding is that the Norwegian texts contain more condescending and less signalled metaphors than the Sami ones. Another is that signalling might be related to genre: there are more signalled metaphors in the reflective narratives of witness testimonies than in the other genres that are examined. The theoretical foundations of the analyses are discourse-based metaphor analysis in a post-colonial perspective.