Evaluation of Digestability and Rumen Parameters Through In-vitro Concentrate Containing Binahong Flour as Secondary Compound

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of binahong flour used in concentrate feed on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), VFA and NH3 concentrations in vitro. The design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments studied were: R0; concentrate feed without binahong flour, R1; concentrate feed contains 10% binahong flour, R2; concentrate feed containing 20% binahong flour, R3; concentrate feed contains 30% binahong flour. Based on the results of the study, the average DMD (%) R0 73.56±0.75, R1 74.50 ±0.61, R2 74.98±0.70, R3 76.65±0.90, OMD (%) R0 69.50±1.10, R1 69.82±1.00, R2 70.07±0.88, R3 72.61±0.99, VFA concentration (mM) R0 108.53±8.52, R1 110.75±6.51, R2 111.40±2.35, R3 112.77 ±14.76, NH3 concentration (mM) R0 9.74±0.74, R1 10.61±0.44, R2 11.55±0.41, R3 11.55±0.33. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the treatment had a very significant effect on the increase in DMD, OMD, NH3 (P<0,01), but not significant on the total VFA concentration. The conclusion of this study is that the use of binahong flour up to a level of 30% in concentrate feed has an effect on increasing in DMD, OMD, VFA, and NH3 concentrations in vitro.

Kecernaan, fermentabilitas dan produksi protein ruminal pelepah sawit yang difermentasi dengan isolat mikrobia rumen kerbau secara in vitro

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed investigated effect of microbial isolate levels and fermentation time on fermentability regarding ammonia (NH₃) production, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial protein production, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility <em>in vitro</em>.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro. <em>In vitro</em> experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern with 2 factors and 4 replications. The treatments were microbial isolate levels (1 and 3%) and fermentation time (14 and 28 days). The parameters observed included production of NH₃, VFA, microbial protein and total protein as well as the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The data were analyzed based on analysis of variance and if there was a significant effect the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of microbial isolate and fermentation time affected rumen ammonia production. On rumen microbial protein content, the amounts of microbial isolate and fermentation time had substantial impact (P&lt;0.05). The isolate level and fermentation time, however, had no interaction effect on VFA production, dry matter digestibility, or organic matter digestibility. The fermentation time influenced (P&lt;0.05) the production of VFA and the digestibility of dry matter, but the isolate level and fermentation time had no effect on total protein production or organic matter digestibility.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Processing of palm fronds through fermentation using buffalo rumen cellulolytic microbial isolates increased nutrient values of palm fronds.</p>

Pengaruh perbedaan level pupuk urin terfermentasi pada media tanam hidroponik terhadap komposisi dan kecernaan nutrien fodder sorgum

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the nutritional value and nutrient digestibility by in vitro of fodder sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) from the effect of the addition of fermented urine fertilizer to the hydroponic media.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The research used sorghum Numbu varieties grown hydroponically in the fodder phase, which was carried out in June - September 2020. The research treatments consist of water medium (T1), fermented urine 12.5 mL/L (T2) and 25 mL/L media (T3) with 4 replications. The urine fertilizer used was derived from fermented Ongole Crossbreed cow urine for 21 days. Fodder sorghum planted for 15 days. The results of the fodder harvest were analyzed by proximate and in vitro nutrient digestibility. Observation nutritional value parameters consists of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), total nutrient digestible (TDN), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, the significance by Duncan's Multiple Range Test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The results showed that the addition of fermented urine had no effect on the DM, OM, and EE, but had a significant effect (P &lt;0.05) on CP, CF, TDN and nutrient digestibility. The T2 and T3 treatments increased crude protein by 6.31% and 11.23% compared to T1. T3 treatment increased organic matter digestibility by 3.06% compared to T1.<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that the crude protein and organic matter digestibility of sorghum fodder at 15 days harvest stage, increases with the addition of fermented cattle urine up to 25.0 ml/L hydroponic media.

The Effect of Zinc-Proteinate Supplementation on the In Vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Goat

This study aimed primarily to investigate the effect of Zn-Proteinate (Zn-Prot) supplementation on in vitro rumen digestibility and rumen fermentation. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. The experimental treatment was the supplementation of various levels of Zn-Prot (0; 12.5 ppm; 25 ppm, and 37.5 ppm) on a dry matter basis. Parameters determined were in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), partial volatile fatty acid (VFA) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), A/P ratio, CH4, and the efficiency of the conversion hexose to VFA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that goats fed with a diet supplemented with 25 ppm Zn-Prot had the highest IVDMD and IVOMD values. There was no significant effect on the VFA and CH4 concentrations, A/P ratio, and the efficiency of the hexose-VFA conversion within treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementing 25 ppm of Zn-Prot into the diet of dairy goat increase the dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

Solid State Fermentation as a Tool to Stabilize and Improve Nutritive Value of Fruit and Vegetable Discards: Effect on Nutritional Composition, In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Organic Matter Digestibility

This research aimed to evaluate in vitro organic matter digestibility, fermentation characteristics and methane production of fruit and vegetable discards processed by solid state fermentation (SSF) by Rhizopus sp. Mixtures were composed of approximately 28% citric fruits, 35% other fruits and 37% vegetables. Fruit and vegetables were processed and fermented to obtain a stabilized product. Nutritional characterization and in vitro ruminal fermentation tests were performed to determine the effect of fungal bioconversion on digestibility, end products and gas production kinetics. Results indicate that SSF reduced organic matter and reducing sugars, while it increased crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent insoluble protein. The in vitro gas production showed that SSF led to a reduction of the organic matter digestibility (p < 0.001), short chain fatty acids (SCFA; p = 0.003) and CH4 (p = 0.002). SSF reduced the gas production from the insoluble fraction (p = 0.001), without modifying the production rate (p = 0.676) or the lag time (p = 0.574). Regarding SCFA profile, SSF increased acetic (p = 0.020) and decreased propionic (p = 0.004) and butyric (p = 0.006) acids proportions, increasing acetic to propionic (p = 0.008) and acetic plus butyric to propionic (p = 0.011) ratios. SSF succeeded in obtaining a stabilized material enriched in protein, but at the expense of a reduction of protein availability and organic matter digestibility. These changes should be considered before including them in a ruminant’s rations.

EFFECT OF KATUK LEAVES MEAL (Sauropus Androgynus L. Merr) AND ZN BIOCOMPLEX SUPPLEMENTATION ON CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POSTWEANING MALE OF ETTAWA CROSSBRED

The experiment goal was to determine the supplementation effect of katuk leaves meal and Zn bio complex on dry and organic matter consumption and digestibility of postweaning male of Ettawa Crossbred. The experiment used sixteen heads of the postweaning male of Ettawa Crossbred aged 4-5 months with an initial body weight of 9.01±1.85kg (CV 20.55%). Completely Block Randomized Design (CBRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications were applied in this experiment. Those treatments were P0: Lamtoro + concentrate without katuk leaves meal and Zn biocomplex (control); P1: P0 + 5% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forage dry matter) and Zn bio complex; P2: P0 + 10% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forrage dry matter) and Zn bio complex; P3: P0 + 15% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forage dry matter) and Zn bio complex. Variables measured were dry matter (DM) consumption, organic matter (OM) consumption, DM digestibility, and OM digestibility. Average of DM consumption were P0 (326.68 ±44.13g/h/d), P1 (351.68±63.47g/h/d), P2 (351.78±33.41g/h/d) and P3 (346.24±32.48g/h/d). Average of OM consumption were, P0 (300.38 ±41.14g/h/d), P1 (316.11±57.05g/h/d), P2 (315.54±30.83g/h/d) and P3 (309.21±29.00g/h/d). Average of DM digestibility, P0 (78.94 ±4.67%), P1 (78.77±9.54%), P2 (64.82±11.45%), P3 (75.38±14.56%). Average of OM digestibility, P0 (81.17±4.01%), P1 (80.77±8.69%), P2 (68.79±9.90%), and P3 (76.93±12.77%). The result of variance analysis showed that treatment has a significant effect (P<0.05) on dry and organic matter consumption but no significant (P>0.05) on dry and organic matter digestibility It can be concluded that supplementation of of katuk leaf meal (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) at 5% up to 15% and Zn bio complex might increase dry and organic matter consumption of postweaning male of Ettawa crossbred.